170所医院眼科显微手术器械清洗及灭菌包装的现状调查

目的了解国内医院在眼科显微手术器械清洗和灭菌包装的现状,为临床提出针对性解决方案及落实眼科器械清洗指南提供依据。方法采用问卷调查法,分析全国170所医院眼科显微手术器械清洗各环节及灭菌包装方面存在的问题。结果 55所(32.4%)设有眼科显微手术器械专用清洗设备;104所(61.2%)眼科显微手术器械在消毒供应中心清洗;61所(35.9%)纯手工清洗;111所(65.3%)选择酶类清洗剂清洗;清洗被硅油污染的眼科显微手术器械的113所医院中,34所(30.1%)采用碱性清洗剂,12所(10.6%)采用松节油、洗洁精等非医用清洗剂;无纺布(130所,76.5%)、纸塑(90所,52.9%)、棉布(73所,42.9%)是使用最多的3种灭菌包装材料。结论国内医院眼科显微手术器械专用清洗机配置率低;清洗方式及清洗剂的选择有待规范;部分医院包装材料选择单一。

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间佩戴护目镜的正确选择和防雾指导

新型冠状病毒肺炎期间,为避免病毒感染,医护人员须做好各种有效防护,口罩、防护服和护目镜是必备的用具。多数医护人员佩戴护目镜期间镜片很快起雾,遮挡视线,严重干扰工作,导致护士不能有效治疗操作,医师不能精准诊疗,紧急时耽误患者抢救,防护不当甚至引发院内交叉感染。我们经过文献查询、临床实践结合专业知识,提出了如何正确选择护目镜,及解决护目镜防雾问题的七种方法。希望对抗疫的医护人员在新型冠状病毒肺炎防控中有所借鉴和帮助。

Substitution of ramie (Boehmeria nivea) for alfalfa in improving the carcass and meat quality of Liuyang Black goats

Ramie(Boehmeria nivea)is noted for the production of a large biomass that has a high protein content and is rich in antioxidants.It may thus serve as a high-quality forage material to replace alfalfa and improve the meat quality of farmed animals.In this study,we evaluated the carcass characteristics and meat quality of goats when 0,35%,75%,and 100%of dietary alfalfa was replaced with ramie.Crude protein content(linear,P<0.0001)and key muscle color values at 24 h after slaughter decreased with increasing ramie levels.The content of most individual amino acids,non-essential amino acids(NEAA),total amino acids(TAA),branched chain amino acids(BCAA),functional amino acids(FAA),and flavor amino acids(DAA)decreased(P<0.05)with increasing dietary ramie.The diet in which 35%of alfalfa was replaced with ramie yielded meat with the highest amino acid content,whereas the fatty acid profile was unaffected by the inclusion of ramie.These results indicate that ramie could be used as a potential dietary forage resource for goats,and that substituting 35%of alfalfa with ramie,which is equivalent to 126 g/kg DM content,would be optimal in terms of goat meat quality.

Alterations of endotoxin distribution across different biofluids and relevant inflammatory responses by supplementing L-theanine in dairy cows during heat stress

The present trial was performed to reveal the regulatory effects of L-theanine on the levels of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)endotoxin within different biofluids,as well as relevant inflammatory responses of dairy cattle under heat stress conditions.Thirty lactating Chinese Holstein dairy cattle(189±47 d in milk,and 2±1 parities)were allocated in a completely randomized design to each of 3 dietary treatments:the control(CON,0 g/d per cow L-theanine),the low L-theanine dosage treatment(LL,16 g/d per cow L-theanine),and the high L-theanine dosage treatment(HL,32 g/d per cow L-theanine).This trial consisted of 38 d(7 d for adaption and 31 d for data and sample collection),and sample collection for rumen liquid,blood plasma or serum,and milk were conducted on the d 27 and 38,respectively.Dairy cattle were constantly exposed to environmental heat stress during this experiment according to the recorded temperature-humidity index(THI).In the LL treatment,LPS concentration in rumen liquid was higher(P<0.05),whilst LPS densities in plasma and milk were lower(P<0.05)than those of the CON.Supplementing L-theanine at 2 dosages both significantly lowered(P<0.05)the level of interleukin(IL)-1βin the serum.Results of the present study suggested that L-theanine could be a promising additive in reducing the detrimental effects of heat stress on dairy cows,and L-theanine supplementation at 16 g/d per cow is preferred because it reduced the LPS translocation into the peripheral blood and LPS accumulation in the milk,as well as mitigated LPS-induced inflammatory reactions in dairy cows during heat stress.Further studies are necessitated to investigate the underlying mechanisms of L-theanine in LPS alteration and inflammation alleviation.

Alterations in nutrient digestibility and performance of heat-stressed dairy cows by dietary L-theanine supplementation

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary L-theanine supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility,milk yield,milk composition,and blood biochemical indices of dairy cows under heat stress.Thirty Chinese Holstein cows(19.84±2.42 kg milk/d,192.36±40.77 d in milk and2±0.93 parities)were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals each.The control group was fed a basal total mixed ration(TMR)diet,while treatment 1(LTA16)and treatment 2(LTA32)groups were fed a basal TMR diet supplemented with L-theanine at 16 and 32 g/cow per day,respectively.The results showed that feeding the dairy cows with LTA16 treatment decreased(P<0.05)their rectal temperature,whereas feeding with LTA32 treatment decreased(P<0.05)their rumen fluid ammonia nitrogen content.In comparison to the control group,the supplementation of L-theanine had no significant effect(P>0.05)on the dry matter intake,nutrient digestibility,total volatile fatty acid(TVFA)concentration and molar proportion of volatile fatty acid,milk yield,milk composition,feed efficiency and antioxidant capacity of the dairy cows.The triglyceride(TG)content of the LTA32 group was significantly greater(P=0.014)than that of the control group.With the increase in L-theanine dosage,the serum cholesterol(CHOL)content significantly increased(P=0.013).The serum albumin(ALB;P=0.067),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C;P=0.053),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C;P=0.067)contents showed an upward trend as L-theanine dosage increased.Ultimately,the results of this study show that supplementing dairy cow diet with L-theanine could decrease dairy cow rectal temperature,affect lipid metabolism,and potentially relieve the heat stress of dairy cows to some extent.