Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon from polyaniline/silica self-aggregates for supercapacitor

In this paper, nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon(N-HPC) was prepared from polyaniline(PANI)/silica self-aggregates. H-bonding between N\\H groups in aniline/PANI and \\OH groups in nano silica template led to a self-assembly type, which enabled the formation of uniform N-HPC nanoparticles. Silica self-aggregates provided macroporous channels resulted in a decreased diffusion distance. After removing the hard template,the N-HPC had a high surface area(899 m^2·g^(-1)). Owing to two co-existed synergetic energy-storage mechanisms and the hierarchical porous structure, the obtained N-HPC exhibited a high specific capacitance of 218.75 F·g^(-1) at 0.5 A·g^(-1), compared with the nonporous nitrogen-doped carbon(N-C) derived from pure PANI. Moreover, the N-HPC electrode demonstrated excellent cycle life, retaining 99% of its initial specific capacitance after 1000 cycles.

Tunable and stable localized surface plasmon resonance in SrMoO_(4) for enhanced visible light driven nitrogen reduction

Photocatalytic nitrogen reduction for the green synthesis of ammonia at ambient conditions has been slowed by the narrow light harvesting range,low activity and high charge recombination of photocatalysts.Plasmonic semiconducting nanomaterials are becoming the promising candidates for nitrogen photofixation because of the broad absorption spectrum,rich defects and hot carriers.In the present study,plasmonic SrMoO_(4) is developed by regulating the concentration of oxygen vacancies that are accompanied in the reduction process from Mo^(6+) to Mo^(5+).The stable and tunable localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)absorption in visible and near infrared light range makes the wide bandgap SrMoO_(4) utilize the solar energy more efficiently.Energetic electrons from both the intrinsic band excitation and the LSPR excitation enable the reduction of dinitrogen molecules thermodynamically in ultrapure water to ammonia.This work provides a unique clue to design efficient photocatalysts for nitrogen fixation.

Computer English Acquisition Environment Construction Based on Question Answering Technology Based on Question Answering Technology

In-depth vocabulary knowledge plays a key role in L2(second language)vocabulary acquisition,and computer English vocabulary is vital to academic performances of students majored in Computer Science.While many Chinese students cannot realize computer English vocabulary acquisition due to lacking input environment of computer English.To solve this problem,with techniques of keyword search,information retrieval,and text classification,to meet the diverse learning needs of students,it built the in-depth computer English vocabulary knowledge acquisition environment for the high frequency of computer English words,providing the depth of knowledge such as polysemy,synonyms,syntax,and pragmatics.The construction of in-depth computer English vocabulary acquisition environment helps future studies on computer English teaching applications.

Computer English Teaching Based on WeChat

Computer English plays a vital role in academic study for students majored in Computer Science.As the fast development of information technology,traditional English teaching methods cannot meet students’learning needs.WeChat is the most popular mobile application of social networks in China.Its features of real-time communication,interactivity and utilization of fragmentary time attract educators’attention to its application in teaching.This paper carried out an empirical study to explore applying WeChat in Computer English teaching.With WeChat,an English interaction environment was built,and interactive learning activities were implemented.The experimental results show teaching based on WeChat is effective to improve students’Computer English skills.

Twenty years of Gendicine?rAd-p53 cancer gene therapy:The first-in-class human cancer gene therapy in the era of personalized oncology

Genetic mutations in TP53 contribute to human malignancies through various means.To date,there have been a variety of therapeutic strategies targeting p53,including gene therapy to restore normal p53 function,mutant p53 rescue,inhibiting the MDM2-p53 interaction,p53-based vaccines,and a number of other approaches.This review focuses on the functions of TP53 and discusses the aberrant roles of mutant p53 in various types of cancer.Recombinant human p53 adenovirus,trademarked as Gendicine,which is the first anti-tumor gene therapy drug,has made tremendous progress in cancer gene therapy.We herein discuss the biological mechanisms by which Gendicine exerts its effects and describe the clinical re-sponses reported in clinical trials.Notably,the clinical studies suggest that the combination of Gendicine with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy may produce more pronounced efficacy in slowing tumor growth and progression than gene therapy/chemotherapy alone.Finally,we summarize the methods of administration of recombinant human p53 adenovirus for different cancer types to provide a reference for future clinical trials.

An Organic Solvent-Assisted Intercalation and Collection (OAIC) for Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene with Controllable Sizes and Improved Yield

A good method of synthesizing Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)is critical for ensuring its success in practical applications,e.g.,electromagnetic interference shielding,electrochemical energy storage,catalysis,sensors,and biomedicine.The main concerns focus on the moderation of the approach,yield,and product quality.Herein,a modified approach,organic solvent-assisted intercalation and collection,was developed to prepare Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) flakes.The new approach simultaneously solves all the concerns,featuring a low requirement for facility(centrifugation speed<4000 rpm in whole process),gram-level preparation with remarkable yield(46.3%),a good electrical conductivity(8672 S cm^(−1)),an outstanding capacitive performance(352 F g^(−1)),and easy control over the dimension of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) flakes(0.47–4.60μm^(2)).This approach not only gives a superb example for the synthesis of other MXene materials in laboratory,but sheds new light for the future mass production of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene.

Effect of the pineal gland on 5-hydroxytryptamine and γ-aminobutyric acid secretion in the hippocampus of male rats during the summer and winter

Objective:The present study aimed to investigate the effect of seasonal variation on neurotransmitter release in the hippocampus of normal rats and rats with pineal excision.Methods:Two time points,the summer and winter solstice,which are the longest and shortest days of the year,respectively,were selected.Male Spraguee Dawley rats that underwent a sham operation without pineal excision were included as a control group.The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)andγ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)were determined by radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,respectively.Results:In the winter,the 5-HT and GABA levels in normal rats exhibited a significant difference compared with those in the operation group(P<.01).A difference was also noted in GABA levels between the normal group and the sham operation group(P<.05).The concentrations of 5-HT and GABA in the hippocampal tissues of the normal group exhibited a seasonal rhythm consisting of elevation during the summer and reduction during the winter(P<.01),while the GABA levels in the sham operation group exhibited a significant difference,with elevation during the summer and reduction during the winter(P<.01).In the operation group,GABA showed the same trend(P<.01).Conclusion:The seasonal rhythm of neurotransmitter secretion by the hippocampus(5-HT and GABA)consisted of elevation during the summer and reduction during the winter.During the winter,the pineal gland exhibited a reverse regulatory effect on the secretion of 5-HT and GABA in the hippocampus,and it exhibited seasonal selectivity with regard to the regulation of 5-HT.

AlEt_(1.5)Cl_(1.5)与Al(OPhCH_3)(i-Bu)_2复配对钼系催化丁二烯聚合和产物微观结构的影响

采用MoCl_5·磷酸三丁酯(TBP)/Al(OPhCH_3)(i-Bu)_2和MoCl_5·TBP/AlEt_(1.5)Cl_(1.5)钼系催化体系催化丁二烯(Bd)配位聚合可分别制备高1,2含量的聚丁二烯橡胶(HVPB)和含反式(trans)-1,4-结构的部分结晶的聚丁二烯橡胶。在同一反应器中先加入Al(i-Bu)_2(OPhCH_3)/MoCl_5·TBP催化丁二烯聚合,然后单独加入AlEt_(1.5)Cl_(1.5)或同时加入AlEt_(1.5)Cl_(1.5)/MoCl_5·TBP,制备1,2-结构和trans-1,4结构在一定范围内可调的聚丁二烯的立构共混物。文中研究了催化剂的加入方式、第二组分加入时间和聚合温度等对聚合活性和产物结构的影响。实验结果表明,通过2种Al加入量的调节和反应条件的改变可实现1,2-结构含量和trans-1,4-结构含量分别在30%～80%和15%～60%范围内的调节,从而制得含一定结晶微区的无定形1,2-PB,有望提高1,2-PB的力学强度。

Arsenic trioxide elicits prophylactic and therapeutic immune responses against solid tumors by inducing necroptosis and ferroptosis

Boosting tumor immunosurveillance with vaccines has been proven to be a feasible and cost-effective strategy to fight cancer. Although major breakthroughs have been achieved in preventative tumor vaccines targeting oncogenic viruses, limited advances have been made in curative vaccines for virus-irrelevant malignancies. Accumulating evidence suggests that preconditioning tumor cells with certain cytotoxic drugs can generate whole-cell tumor vaccines with strong prophylactic activities. However, the immunogenicity of these vaccines is not sufficient to restrain the outgrowth of existing tumors. In this study, we identified arsenic trioxide (ATO) as a wide-spectrum cytotoxic and highly immunogenic drug through multiparameter screening. ATO preconditioning could generate whole-cell tumor vaccines with potent antineoplastic effects in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. The tumor-preventive or tumor-suppressive benefits of these vaccines relied on CD8^(+) T cells and type I and II interferon signaling and could be linked to the release of immunostimulatory danger molecules. Unexpectedly, following ATO-induced oxidative stress, multiple cell death pathways were activated, including autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis. CRISPR‒Cas9-mediated knockout of cell death executors revealed that the absence of Rip3, Mlkl, or Acsl4 largely abolished the efficacy of ATO-based prophylactic and therapeutic cancer vaccines. This therapeutic failure could be rescued by coadministration of danger molecule analogs. In addition, PD-1 blockade synergistically improved the therapeutic efficacy of ATO-based cancer vaccines by augmenting local IFN-γ production.

High linearity U-band power amplifier design:a novel intermodulation point analysis method

A power amplifier’s linearity determines the emission signal’s quality and the efficiency of the system.Nonlinear distortion can result in system bit error,out-of-band radiation,and interference with other channels,which severely influence communication system’s quality and reliability.Starting from the third-order intermodulation point of the milimeter wave(mm-Wave)power amplifiers,the circuit’s nonlinearity is compensated for.The analysis,design,and implementation of linear class AB mm-Wave power amplifiers based on GlobalFoundries 45 nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator(SOI)technology are presented.Three single-ended and differential stacked power amplifiers have been implemented based on cascode cells and triple cascode cells operating in U-band frequencies.According to nonlinear analysis and on-wafer measurements,designs based on triple cascode cells outperform those based on cascode cells.Using single-ended measurements,the differential power amplifier achieves a measured peak power-added efficiency(PAE)of 47.2%and a saturated output power(P_(sat))of 25.2 dBm at 44 GHz.The amplifier achieves a P_(sat)higher than 23 dBm and a maximum PAE higher than 25%in the measured bandwidth from 44 GHz to 50 GHz.

Mitochondrial Regulation of Macrophages in Innate Immunity and Diverse Roles of Macrophages During Cochlear Inflammation

Macrophages are essential components of the innate immune system and constitute a non-specific first line of host defense against pathogens and inflammation.Mitochondria regulate macrophage activation and innate immune responses in various inflammatory diseases,including cochlear inflammation.The distribution,number,and morphological characteristics of cochlear macrophages change significantly across different inner ear regions under various pathological conditions,including noise exposure,ototoxicity,and age-related degeneration.However,the exact mechanism underlying the role of mitochondria in macrophages in auditory function remains unclear.Here,we summarize the major factors and mitochondrial signaling pathways(e.g.,metabolism,mitochondrial reactive oxygen species,mitochondrial DNA,and the inflammasome)that influence macrophage activation in the innate immune response.In particular,we focus on the properties of cochlear macrophages,activated signaling pathways,and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines after acoustic injury.We hope this review will provide new perspectives and a basis for future research on cochlear inflammation.

Allergenic risk assessment of porcine myoglobin expressed by engineered Komagataella Phaffii

Myoglobin produced by fermentation using engineered Komagataella phaffii is an important color additive in meat analogue products,but its allergenicity is poorly understood.Here,we initially searched the Allergen Online database and did not find any allergic or cross-reactive proteins in porcine myoglobin(PM).In vitro simulated digestion demonstrated that PM did not exhibit notable acid-base resistance or anti-digestion capabilities.However,sensitization was observed in BALB/c mice,including a significant increase in specific antibodies and biomarkers for allergic reactions,as well as alterations in gut microbiome and serum metabolome.Interestingly,the intensity of sensitization exhibited a negative correlation with the purity of PM.60%and 88%purities showed weaker sensitization compared to the ovalbumin control group.These allergic reactions were likely due to the non-myoglobin protein portion,highlighting the importance of purification processes and the urgent need to assess the allergenicity of this portion.

基于图神经网络的环状RNA生物标志物筛选预测算法

越来越多的证据表明,环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)在人类复杂疾病发病机制和许多重要生物学过程中发挥不可或缺的作用.确定环状RNA与疾病之间关联对于复杂人类疾病的诊断和治疗具有重要的潜在价值.然而,传统的湿实验方式通常是盲目、低效、耗时且昂贵的,往往还伴随着高的假阳性率.因此,迫切需要有效和可行的计算方法来大规模预测潜在的环状RNA–疾病关联.本文通过结合图神经网络的高阶图卷积网络算法与随机蕨分类器对环状RNA与疾病之间的关联关系进行预测.该方法能够从环状RNA和疾病多种属性信息构建的多源相似性网络中,有效抽取具有高阶混合邻域信息的高级特征,并对其进行准确分类.在5折交叉验证实验中,该方法在CircR2Disease数据集上取得了93.75%的AUC得分.此外,在案例研究中,该模型的预测结果得到了生物湿实验的支持,预测得分前15的环状RNA–疾病关联中的13个在最近发表文献中得以证实.这些优异的结果表明,所提模型是预测环状RNA–疾病关联的有效工具,并且可以为生物湿实验提供理论依据和高可信的环状RNA候选生物标志物.

Breaking the activity limitation of iridium single-atom catalyst in hydrogenation of quinoline with synergistic nanoparticles catalysis

Single-atom catalysts(SACs)with the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have become a hot-spot in catalysis field.However,for lack of metal–metal bond in SACs,H_(2)has to go through heterolytic dissociation pathway,which has higher barrier than homolytic dissociation pathway,and thus limits the hydrogenation activity of SACs.Herein,we propose and demonstrate through constructing synergistic iridium single atoms and nanoparticles co-existed catalyst(denoted as Ir_(1+NPs)/CMK)to boost the catalytic activity of quinoline hydrogenation.Both experimental and density functional theory calculation results confirm that Ir_(1)single sites activate quinoline,while Ir nanoparticles boost hydrogen dissociation.H atoms generated at Ir nanoparticles migrate to the quinoline bounded Ir_(1)single sites to complete hydrogenation.The Ir_(1+NPs)/CMK catalyst exhibits much higher reactivity with turnover frequency of 7,800 h^(−1)than those counterpart Ir_(1)/CMK and IrNPs/CMK catalysts,and is 20,000 times higher activity of commercial Ir/C benchmark catalyst for hydrogenation of quinoline under the same reaction conditions.This synergistic catalysis strategy between single atoms and nanoparticles provides a solution to further improve the performance of SACs for hydrogenation.

A survey on online feature selection with streaming features

In the era of big data, the dimensionality of data is increasing dramatically in many domains. To deal with high dimensionality, online feature selection becomes critical in big data mining. Recently, online selection of dynamic features has received much attention. In situations where features arrive sequentially over time, we need to perform online feature selection upon feature arrivals. Meanwhile, considering grouped features, it is necessary to deal with features arriving by groups. To handle these challenges, some state-of- the-art methods for online feature selection have been proposed. In this paper, we first give a brief review of traditional feature selection approaches. Then we discuss specific problems of online feature selection with feature streams in detail. A comprehensive review of existing online feature selection methods is presented by comparing with each other. Finally, we discuss several open issues in online feature selection.

Ionic-liquid-assisted synthesis of metal single-atom catalysts for benzene oxidation to phenol

Ionic liquids(ILs)have the advantages of low cost,eco-friendliness,abundant heteroatoms,excellent solubility,and coordinated ability with metal ions.These features make ILs a suitable precursor for fabricating metal singleatom catalysts(SACs).Herein,we prepared various metal single atoms anchored on ultrathin N-doped nanosheets(denoted as Cu_(1)/NC,Fe_(1)/NC,Co_(1)/NC,Ni_(1)/NC,and Pd_(1)/NC)by direct pyrolysis using ILs and g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets as templates.Taking benzene oxidation to phenol with H_(2)O_(2)as a model reaction to evaluate their catalytic performance and potential applications,Cu_(1)/NC calcined at 1000℃(denoted as Cu1/NC-1000)exhibits the highest activity with a turnover frequency of about 200 h^(-1)in the first 1 h at 60℃,which is better than that of most metal SACs reported in the literature.High benzene conversion of 82% with high phenol selectivity of 96% and excellent recyclability were achieved using the Cu_(1)/NC-1000 catalyst.This study provides an efficient general strategy for fabricating SACs using ILs for catalytic applications.

p-Arsanilic acid decontamination over a wide pH range using biochar-supported manganese ferrite material as an effective persulfate catalyst:Performances and mechanisms

Direct chemical oxidation and pure adsorption could not effectively remove p-Arsanilic acid(p-ASA)and the released inor-ganic arsenic.Herein,one novel biochar supported MnFe_(2)O_(4)(MFB)was synthesized and adopted for p-ASA degradation and synchronous adsorption of the generated inorganic arsenic.The MFB/persulfate(PS)system could remain effective under a wide pH range(3.0-9.0),and the released arsenic could be removed simultaneously by MFB.Mechanism investiga-tion revealed that the functional groups of MFB(i.e.O-C=O and C=O),Fe and Mn oxides on MFB all contributed to PS activation.O_(2)^(·−)and^(1)O_(2)were the main reactive oxygen species(ROS)responsible for p-ASA degradation,and^(1)O_(2)was the predominant ROS.Besides,the MFB possessed superior reusability.Therefore,it is expected to develop a potential method for organic arsenic contaminants removal via an oxidation-adsorption process,and the results could also shed light on the better understanding of the PS activation mechanisms.

Enzyme-free Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide Based on the Three-Dimensional Flower-like Cu-based Metal Organic Frameworks and MXene Nanosheets

Cu-based metal organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as promising sensing materials,which have abundant metal sites,large surface area and simple synthesis processes.In this work,a novel three-dimensional flower-like Cu-MOF was synthesized,which was combined with ultra-thin MXene nanosheets to construct a novel electrochemical sensor for H_(2)O_(2).

NO_(2) sensing with CdS nanowires at room temperature under green light illumination

Detection of ppb-level NO_(2) gas under atmosphere is urgent to meet the requirements of the rapidly developing internet of things.Compared with traditional sensing methods,light illumination has been considered as a key approach for excellent gas sensor performance under moderate conditions.Herein,we developed a green-light-assisted gas sensor based on cadmium sulfide nanowires(CdS NWs)that has good NO_(2) sensing capability at ambient temperature.The response values of NO_(2) are 236%and 11%to 10 ppm and 12.5 ppb,respectively.Furthermore,the CdS NWs sensor has a high selectivity for NO_(2) over a variety of interference gases,as well as good stability.The cleaning light activation and the sulfur vacancy-trapped charge behavior of CdS NWs are observed,which suggest a light-assisted sensing mechanism.These results suggest that light-induced charge separation behavior might significantly improve gas-sensing characteristics.