Backward scattering of laser plasma interactions from hundreds-of-joules broadband laser on thick target

The use of broadband laser technology is a novel approach for inhibiting processes related to laser plasma interactions(LPIs).In this study,several preliminary experiments into broadband-laser-driven LPIs are carried out using a newly established hundreds-of-joules broadband second-harmonic-generation laser facility.Through direct comparison with LPI results for a traditional narrowband laser,the actual LPI-suppression effect of the broadband laser is shown.The broadband laser had a clear suppressive effect on both back-stimulated Raman scattering and back-stimulated Brillouin scattering at laser intensities below 1×10^(15) W cm^(−2).An abnormal hot-electron phenomenon is also investigated,using targets of different thicknesses.

膝关节疼痛与身体活动水平关系量性研究的范围综述

目的身体活动对于膝关节疼痛有缓解作用并且能够预防其他健康问题.然而,进行身体活动对于有膝关节疼痛的人极具有挑战性.理解膝关节疼痛是如何影响身体活动能够帮助降低这一类患病人群因为膝关节疼痛不敢参与身体活动而造成的负面影响.本文旨在对膝关节疼痛与身体活动水平之间的定量关系及其影响因素进行范围综述.方法依据PRISMA-ScR流程和Peter的方法学框架,在Medline、PsycINFO、CINAHL及Scopus数据库通过关键词进行检索.结果共纳入9篇文献.其中,1篇文献发现膝关节疼痛水平的增高会导致身体活动水平的增高;4篇文献研究发现膝关节疼痛与身体活动水平之间存在负相关;1篇文献发现膝关节疼痛水平的增高会带来中等强度的身体活动水平下降,但并不影响低强度的身体活动水平;3篇文献发现膝关节疼痛水平对身体活动水平并没有影响.同时,负面情绪的放大、疼痛相关的活动干扰和某些特定的日常活动会降低膝关节疼痛人群的身体活动水平.结论目前针对膝关节疼痛和身体活动的定量关系研究有限且结论不一致,需要后续进一步的探索.两者之间的关系同时会被心理因素及不同的身体活动强度和类型所影响.因此,在设计提高膝关节疼痛人群身体活动水平的干预措施时,应当综合考虑多种因素的共同作用,从而达到有效提高该人群的身体活动水平的目的.

乙酰基四肽-11防脱发作用的研究

将乙酰基四肽-11应用于小鼠进行脱发研究。通过对C57BL/6雌性小鼠背部进行脱毛处理,实验组连续涂抹3个质量浓度梯度(10,20和30μg/mL)的乙酰基四肽-11水溶液18天,对照组涂抹生理盐水,观察小鼠背部毛发生长情况,HE染色进行组织学分析,并初步进行了志愿者试用评估。结果表明,一定质量浓度的乙酰基四肽-11可以预防小鼠脱发,避免毛囊微型化,同时可以维持小鼠表皮紧致。志愿者试用评估表明测试样品对所有志愿者都有防脱发效果,85%志愿者反馈头发密度变大。

AIMP1衍生肽的护肤功效研究

皮肤糖化反应是导致肤色暗黄、色斑、老化的一个重要因素,针对皮肤糖化问题,开发了一种生物活性多肽并进行护肤功效验证。AIMP1衍生肽(AdP)是由氨基酰tRNA合成酶相互作用多功能蛋白质1(AIMP1)衍生而来的寡肽,具有类AIMP1的多种生物活性。采用牛血清白蛋白(BSA)糖化和羰基化体系研究AdP的抗糖化效果,并对含AdP的样品进行了临床功效测试。结果表明:AdP可减缓BSA与葡萄糖的糖基化反应,减少蛋白质羰基的生成,具有浓度依赖性;皮肤角质层含水量显著提高27.32%,TEWL降低12.77%,R2值提高10.34%,ITA°值提高14.25%,皱纹面积减少12.14%,AdP可有效抑制蛋白糖化,具有提升屏障功能、祛黄提亮抗皱的功效。

Effects of platelets on characteristics of lymphocytes cultured in vitro and optimization of adoptive immunotherapy

T lymphocytes,the main participants of cellular immunity,can express a variety of surface molecules and form different lymphocyte subsets under the induction of different factors to play the functions of immune regulation and immune killing.Studies have shown that platelets play a crucial role in maintaining the stable differentiation of lymphocytes and the balance in immunomodulation.Therefore,it is necessary to study the effect of platelets on lymphocytes in vitro to better understand the role of platelets in the immune system and broaden the application of adoptive immunotherapy.Methods:Cell counting and microscopic observation were used to detect the effect of activated platelets on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro;Flow cytometry was used to detect whether changes in platelet activity affect the proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro,and to detect differences in the expression of granzyme B;lactate dehydrogenase assay(LDH)was used to determine the difference in lymphocyte killing activity caused by platelet activity in vitro.Results:This was the first to promote lymphocyte proliferation through the expression or release of certain molecules in vitro,demonstrating that platelet activation is one of the key factors.Secondly,activated platelets or inactivated platelets promoted lymphocyte subset differentiation by enhancing the proportion of CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes(CTL cells)but had a slight effect on the proportion of CD3+CD4+T(Th cells)and CD4+CD25+T lymphocytes(Treg cells).Then,it was found that either activated platelets or inactivated platelets down-regulated the proportion of natural killer(NK)T lymphocytes,while activated platelets significantly enhance the proportion of NK lymphocytes.Therefore,by further detecting the killing activity of PBMCs treated with platelets,it was found that activated platelets promoted the extensive anti-tumor activity of lymphocytes and significantly increased the expression of granzyme B.Conclusion:Our results suggest that activated platelets promote lymphocyte proliferation,optimize lymphocyte subpopulation ratio,and promote cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes in vitro,which may provide a new strategy for optimizing the adoptive immunotherapy culture system and improving its efficacy.

Prognostic implications of epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ expression and nuclear translocation in Chinese human gliomas

Objective: To determine the prognostic implications and clinical significance of epidermal growth factor receptor variant Ⅲ(EGFRvⅢ) expression and EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation in Chinese human gliomas.Methods: We retrospectively examined EGFRvⅢ expression and EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation using immunohistochemistry in specimens of 240 Chinese patients with glioma, including 84 World Health Organization(WHO) II gliomas, 84 WHO Ⅲ gliomas and 72 glioblastomas(WHO IV). Factors that correlated with EGFRvⅢ and EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation expression were analyzed by the Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier methodology and Cox regression were used for the survival analysis.Results: Log-rank tests showed that patient age, Karnofsky performance scale(KPS) score, tumor grade,EGFRvⅢ expression, EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation, 1 p/19 q codeletion, isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH)mutation, Ki-67 labeling index and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT) status(P<0.05) were significantly correlated with overall survival(OS) time. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patient age, tumor grade, EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation, 1 p/19 q codeletion, and IDH mutation(P<0.05) were significantly correlated with OS. Patients with a high level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation(≥7%) had both significantly shorter OS [hazard ratio(HR): 1.920, 95% confidence interval(95% CI): 1.228-3.003, P=0.004] and progression-free survival(PFS) times(HR: 1.661, 95% CI: 1.116-2.471, P=0.012) than those with a low level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation(<7%).Conclusions: A high level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation in glioma is an independent factor indicating a poor prognosis, but EGFRvⅢ expression is not an independent clinical prognostic factor. The level of EGFRvⅢ nuclear translocation maybe a novel and crucial prognostic biomarker in glioma.

Multi-carrier transport in ZrTe_5 film

Single-layered zirconium pentatelluride （ZrTes） has been predicted to be a large-gap two-dimensional （2D） topolog- ical insulator, which has attracted particular attention in topological phase transitions and potential device applications. Herein, we investigated the transport properties in ZrTe5 films as a function of thickness, ranging from a few nm to several hundred nm. We determined that the temperature of the resistivity anomaly peak （Tp） tends to increase as the thickness decreases. Moreover, at a critical thickness of ~ 40 rim, the dominating carriers in the films change from n-type to p-type. A comprehensive investigation of Shubnikov-de Hass （SdH） oscillations and Hall resistance at variable temperatures revealed a multi-carrier transport tendency in the thin films. We determined the carrier densities and mobilities of two majority car- riers using the simplified two-carrier model. The electron carriers can be attributed to the Dirac band with a non-trivial Berry phase ~, while the hole carriers may originate from surface chemical reaction or unintentional doping during the microfabrication process. It is necessary to encapsulate the ZrTe5 film in an inert or vacuum environment to potentially achieve a substantial improvement in device quality.

Temperature Dependent In-Plane Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in HfTe_(5) Thin Layers

We report the observation of in-plane anisotropic magnetoresistance and planar Hall effect in non-magnetic HfTe_(5) thin layers.The observed anisotropic magnetoresistance as well as its sign is strongly dependent on the critical resistivity anomaly temperature T_(p).Below T_(p),the anisotropic magnetoresistance is negative with large negative magnetoresistance.When the in-plane magnetic field is perpendicular to the current,the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance reaches its maximum.The negative longitudinal magnetoresistance effect in HfTe_(5) thin layers is dramatically different from that induced by the chiral anomaly as observed in Weyl and Dirac semimetals.One potential underlying origin may be attributed to the reduced spin scattering,which arises from the in-plane magnetic field driven coupling between the top and bottom surface states.Our findings provide valuable insights for the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect in topological electronic systems and the device potential of HfTe5 in spintronics and quantum sensing.

Present Situation and Development Measures of River Crab Industry in Nanjing City

River crab industry plays an important role in agriculture in Nanjing City,Jiangsu Province.In recent years,with the renewal of breeding mode,the breeding of improved varieties and the construction of brand,the river crab industry has made great progress.Taking the aquaculture enterprises and major breeding farmers in the main producing areas of river crab as the main research object,this paper makes a survey on the river crab industry in Nanjing.Based on fishery statistical data and comparison with advanced areas,this paper makes an in-depth analysis on the current situation,existing problems and development measures of Nanjing river crab industry,and it is recommended to make full use of external opportunities and give full play to its own advantages,in order to make Nanjing river crab industry develop healthily and rapidly.

Monotone Measures Defined by Pan-Integral

Given a pan-space ?and a nonnegative measurable function f on measurable space (X, A), the pan-integral of f with respect to monotone measure μ and pan-operation ?determines a new monotone measure ?on?(X, A). Such the new monotone measure ?is absolutely continuous with respect to the monotone measure μ. We show that the new monotone measure preserves some important structural characteristics of the original monotone measures, such as continuity from below, subadditivity, null-additivity, weak null-additivity and (S) property. Since the pan-integral based on a pair of pan-operations ?covers the Sugeno integral (based on ) and the Shilkret integral (based on ), therefore, the previous related results for the Sugeno integral are covered by the results presented here, in the meantime, some special results related the Shilkret integral are also obtained.

Influence of Recirculated Flue Gas Distribution on Combustion and NOx Formation Characteristics in S-CO_(2) Coal-fired Boiler

Supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO_(2))Brayton power cycle power generation technology,has attracted more and more scholars'attention in recent years because of its advantages of high efficiency and flexibility.Compared with conventional steam boilers,S-CO_(2) has different heat transfer characteristics,it is easy to cause the temperature of the cooling wall of the boiler to rise,which leads to higher combustion gas temperature in the furnace,higher NOX generation concentration.The adoption of flue gas recirculation has a significance impact on the combustion process of pulverized coal in the boiler,and it is the most effective ways to reduce the emission of NOX and the combustion temperature in the boiler.This paper takes 1000MW S-CO_(2) T-type coal-fired boiler as the research target to investigate the combustion and NOX generation characteristics of S-CO_(2) coal-fired boilers under flue gas recirculation condition,the influence of recirculated flue gas distribution along the furnace height on the characteristics of NOX formation and the combustion of pulverized coal.The results show that the recirculated flue gas distribution has the great impact on the concentration of NOX at the boiler outlet.When the bottom recirculation flue gas rate is gradually increased,the average temperature of the lower boiler decreases and the average temperature of the upper boiler increases slightly;The concentration of NOx at the furnace outlet increases.

ZrTe_(5)中的面内垂直电流方向的负磁阻现象

拓扑材料独特的能带结构有时会导致一些不同寻常的磁输运现象,其中包括当外磁场施加在平行电流方向上时产生的面内纵向负磁阻效应.这种负磁阻效应被普遍认为是拓扑材料中存在手征反常的一个标志.本文报道了一种当面内磁场分别平行和垂直电流方向时,在拓扑材料ZrTe_(5)中观察到的面内负磁阻现象.该现象揭示了一种超出手征反常范畴的不同寻常的量子输运行为.研究人员构建了一种同时考虑贝里曲率和轨道磁矩的普适模型,用以定量解释他们观察到的实验现象.本文的研究结果为探索拓扑材料中的面内负磁阻现象提供了一种新的见解和思路.

High-throughput screening of SARS-CoV-2 main and papain-like protease inhibitors

The global COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has infected over 109 million people,leading to over 2 million deaths up to date and still lacking of effective drugs for patient treatment.Here,we screened about 1.8 million small molecules against the main protease(M^(pro))and papain like protease(PL^(pro)),two major proteases in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 genome,and identified 1851M^(pro)inhibitors and 205 PL^(pro)inhibitors with low nmol/l activity of the best hits.Among these inhibitors,eight small molecules showed dual inhibition effects on both M^(pro)and PL^(pro),exhibiting potential as better candidates for COVID-19 treatment.The best inhibitors of each protease were tested in antiviral assay,with over 40%of M^(pro)inhibitors and over 20%of PL^(pro)inhibitors showing high potency in viral inhibition with low cytotoxicity.The X-ray crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 M^(pro)in complex with its potent inhibitor 4a was determined at 1.8Åresolution.Together with docking assays,our results provide a comprehensive resource for future research on anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development.

Preventive and therapeutic benefits of nelfinavir in rhesus macaques and human beings infected with SARS-CoV-2

Effective drugs with broad spectrum safety profile to all people are highly expected to combat COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2.Here we report that nelfinavir,an FDA approved drug for the treatment of HIV infection,is effective against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.Preincubation of nelfinavir could inhibit the activity of the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2(IC50=8.26μM),while its antiviral activity in Vero E6 cells against a clinical isolate of SARS-CoV-2 was determined to be 2.93μM(EC50).In comparison with vehicle-treated animals,rhesus macaque prophylactically treated with nelfinavir had significantly lower temperature and significantly reduced virus loads in the nasal and anal swabs of the animals.At necropsy,nelfinavir-treated animals had a significant reduction of the viral replication in the lungs by nearly three orders of magnitude.A prospective clinic study with 37 enrolled treatment-naive patients at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,which were randomized(1:1)to nelfinavir and control groups,showed that the nelfinavir treatment could shorten the duration of viral shedding by 5.5 days(9.0 vs.14.5 days,P=0.055)and the duration of fever time by 3.8 days(2.8 vs.6.6 days,P=0.014)in mild/moderate COVID-19 patients.The antiviral efficiency and clinical benefits in rhesus macaque model and in COVID-19 patients,together with its well-established good safety profile in almost all ages and during pregnancy,indicated that nelfinavir is a highly promising medication with the potential of preventative effect for the treatment of COVID-19.

解淀粉芽胞杆菌PHODB35的溶磷特性及其对番茄的促生作用

【目的】从种植番茄的根围土壤中筛选高效溶磷细菌,为减施化学肥料和开发微生物肥料提供溶磷菌种资源,并初步探索其促生机制。【方法】采用无机磷培养基利用梯度稀释涂布法从土壤中分离筛选促生菌株,通过形态特征、16S rRNA和gyrB基因序列分析对优良促生菌株进行鉴定,并分别利用正交试验和单因素试验分析环境因子和营养因子对其溶磷效果的影响,进一步利用HPLC-MS并结合相应有机酸的标准物质,明确优良促生菌株产生的有机酸种类;盆栽试验测定接菌处理后番茄株高、地上鲜重、地下鲜重、基质和植株有效磷含量评价菌株对番茄的促生作用。【结果】筛选到1株优良的促生菌株,命名为PHODB35,鉴定其为解淀粉芽胞杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。对环境因子的正交试验结果表明,菌株PHODB35最佳溶磷条件为pH 7.0,温度为30°C,接种量为5%;对营养因子的单因素试验结果表明,该菌株以葡萄糖为碳源、硫酸铵为氮源、磷酸钙为磷源时,解磷效果最好,有效磷浓度为88.77mg/L。明确了菌株PHODB35产生的有机酸为葡萄糖酸。盆栽实验结果表明,菌株PHODB35对番茄幼苗有明显的促生作用,与空白对照相比,施用菌株后对株高、地上鲜重、地下鲜重、基质和植株有效磷含量分别增加28.21%、22.59%、113.06%、45.08%和16.24%,表明菌株PHODB35具有一定的肥效功能,可用于促生菌剂的研制。【结论】筛选到具有促生能力的解磷细菌,为进一步开发研制番茄促生菌剂或微生物有机肥提供资源,为菌株PHODB35在农业生产中的应用提供了理论依据和实验基础。

Defect engineering of molybdenum disulfide through ion irradiation to boost hydrogen evolution reaction performance

The inert basal plane of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) restrains its further hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance.This work attempts ion irradiation to activate inert basal plane of MoS2 nanosheet to improve its electrocatalytic performance.Experimental results demonstrate the sulphur vacancies generated by ion irradiation on the basal plane of MoS2 mainly boost the efficiency of HER performance.The moderate fluence of carbon ion irradiation gains the optimum HER performance with an onset potential of 77 mV and Tafel slope of 66 mV/dec.

Personalized neoantigen pulsed dendritic cell vaccine for advanced lung cancer

Neoantigens are considered to be ultimate target of tumor immunotherapy due to their high tumor specificity and immunogenicity.Dendritic cell(DCs)vaccines based on neoantigens have exciting effects in treatment of some malignant tumors and are a promising therapeutic modality.Lung cancer is a lethal disease with the highest morbidity and mortality rate in the world.Despite the rapid development of targeted therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer in recent years,their efficacy is still unsatisfactory overall.Therefore,there is an urgent unmet clinical need for lung cancer treatment.Here,we attempted to treat lung cancer using a personalized neoantigen peptide-pulsed autologous DC vaccine and conducted a single-arm,2 medical centers,pilot study initiated by the investigator(ChiCTR-ONC 16009100,NCT02956551).The patients enrolled were patients with heavily treated metastatic lung cancer.Candidate neoantigens were derived from whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of fresh biopsy tissues as well as bioinformatics analysis.A total of 12 patients were enrolled in this study.A total of 85 vaccine treatments were administered with a median value of 5 doses/person(range:3-14 doses/person).In total,12-30 peptide-based neoantigens were selected for each patient.AIl treatment-related adverse events were grade 1-2 and there were no delays in dosing due to toxic effects.The objective effectiveness rate was 25%;the disease control rate was 75%;the median progression-free survival was 5.5 months and the median overall survival was 7.9 months.This study provides new evidence for neoantigen vaccine therapy and new therapeutic opportunities for lung cancer treatment.

Orbital angular momentum mode logical operation using optical diffractive neural network

Optical logical operations demonstrate the key role of optical digital computing,which can perform general-purpose calculations and possess fast processing speed,low crosstalk,and high throughput.The logic states usually refer to linear momentums that are distinguished by intensity distributions,which blur the discrimination boundary and limit its sustainable applications.Here,we introduce orbital angular momentum(OAM)mode logical operations performed by optical diffractive neural networks(ODNNs).Using the OAM mode as a logic state not only can improve the parallel processing ability but also enhance the logic distinction and robustness of logical gates owing to the mode infinity and orthogonality.ODNN combining scalar diffraction theory and deep learning technology is designed to independently manipulate the mode and spatial position of multiple OAM modes,which allows for complex multilight modulation functions to respond to logic inputs.We show that few-layer ODNNs successfully implement the logical operations of AND,OR,NOT,NAND,and NOR in simulations.The logic units of XNOR and XOR are obtained by cascading the basic logical gates of AND,OR,and NOT,which can further constitute logical half-adder gates.Our demonstrations may provide a new avenue for optical logical operations and are expected to promote the practical application of optical digital computing.

A review on completing arsenic biogeochemical cycle: Microbial volatilization of arsines in environment

Arsenic （As） is ubiquitous in the environment in the carcinogenic inorganic forms, posing risks to human health in many parts of the world. Many microorganisms have evolved a series of mechanisms to cope with inorganic arsenic in their growth media such as transforming As compounds into volatile derivatives. Bio-volatilization of As has been suggested to play an important role in global As biogeochemical cycling, and can also be explored as a potential method for arsenic bioremediation. This review aims to provide an overview of the quality and quantity of As volatilization by fungi, bacteria, microalga and protozoans. Arsenic bio-volatilization is influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors that can be manipulated/elucidated for the purpose of As bioremediation. Since As bio- volatilization is a resurgent topic for both biogeochemistry and environmental health, our review serves as a concept paper for future research directions.

Construction of multi-structures based on Cu NWs-supported MOF-derived Co oxides for asymmetric pseudocapacitors

Cu@MOF core-shell nanowires are synthesized by introducing oxidizable and CTAB-modified metal nanowires as self-engaged templates and supporting MOFs for a one-dimension nanostructure.The following thermal process is controlled to obtain several one-dimension structure s ofCuCo-mixed materials,such as nanorods,single-shell and double-shell nanowires.The hollow structure for electrode materials enlarges the surface area,provides buffer space for electrolyte to accelerate the ion/charge transfers and for the structure to reduce injuries of volume expansion during cycling.Together with some other merits,such as adequate oxidation of the MOFs,small crystal grains of the material,and well-mixed Cu/Co oxides,the double-shell Cu@MOF nanowires(CuCo-DS5)applied for pseudocapacitors deliver advanced electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 563.8 F g^(-1)at 1 A g^(-1)as well as an outstanding cycling stability with a 92%retention after 3000 cycles at 5 A g^(-1).Meanwhile,an asymmetric pseudocapacitor constructed with the CuCo-DS5 and active carbon(AC)shows a high specific capacitance and energy density.