Due to the scarcity of resources of Ziziphi spinosae semen(ZSS), many inferior goods and even adulterants are generally found in medicine markets. To strengthen the quality control, HPLC fingerprint common pattern est...Due to the scarcity of resources of Ziziphi spinosae semen(ZSS), many inferior goods and even adulterants are generally found in medicine markets. To strengthen the quality control, HPLC fingerprint common pattern established in this paper showed three main bioactive compounds in one chromatogram simultaneously. Principal component analysis based on DAD signals could discriminate adulterants and inferiorities. Principal component analysis indicated that all samples could be mainly regrouped into two main clusters according to the first principal component(PC1, redefined as Vicenin II)and the second principal component(PC2, redefined as zizyphusine). PC1 and PC2 could explain 91.42%of the variance. Content of zizyphusine fluctuated more greatly than that of spinosin, and this result was also confirmed by the HPTLC result. Samples with low content of jujubosides and two common adulterants could not be used equivalently with authenticated ones in clinic, while one reference standard extract could substitute the crude drug in pharmaceutical production. Giving special consideration to the well-known bioactive saponins but with low response by end absorption, a fast and cheap HPTLC methodfor quality control of ZSS was developed and the result obtained was commensurate well with that of HPLC analysis. Samples having similar fingerprints to HPTLC common pattern targeting at saponins could be regarded as authenticated ones. This work provided a faster and cheaper way for quality control of ZSS and laid foundation for establishing a more effective quality control method for ZSS.展开更多
Conventional quantity determination of Chinese herbal medicines by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) must be carried out on a TLC scanner for measuring the marker component on the HPTLC plate. General...Conventional quantity determination of Chinese herbal medicines by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) must be carried out on a TLC scanner for measuring the marker component on the HPTLC plate. Generally the HPTLC image of the herbal drug always takes the photograph as the permanent visual document. Considering the photo of the HPTLC image preserving all the visual quality-related parameters, there might be an alternative cost/effective approach worth studying. It would be presumably applicable to use the exclusively developed software as a virtual scanner instead of the TLC Scanner instrument to do digital scanning, integrating and calculating target components in the photo of the HPTLC image. It means digitally scanning the photo of the HPTLC image solely with software does the same thing as the instrumental scanner does. Based on this protocol, we primarily conducted the assay of the contents of the major saponins, jujuboside a and jujuboside b, in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (Suan-Zao-Ren). Using home-developed software “digiscan” for acquiring the raw data and integrating the peaks area of the target components with “Origin Pro”, the contents of jujuboside a and jujuboside b can then be calculated respectively. The primary investigated experiment results were well compatible with official HPLC-ELSD method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The methodology validation and comparative analysis with HPLC confirmed that the unprecedented method is acceptable. The advantage of the recommended approach is far more simple, flexible and cost/effective than the conventional method, and it can be done at anytime and anywhere once only if the high quality HPTLC image photo is available. There would be a bright perspective for application to other herbal medicines. And the one-stop software for merging digital scanning, integration and calculation together is in progress.展开更多
The emerging development of Extractive Reference Substance (ERS) is a methodology that meets the needs for quality control for Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) and respects the holistic viewpoint of Traditional Chinese ...The emerging development of Extractive Reference Substance (ERS) is a methodology that meets the needs for quality control for Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) and respects the holistic viewpoint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its clinical use of multiple ingredients with synergistic effects. The convention of using just a selected few Chemical Reference Substances (CRS) cannot adequately assess the quality of intact CHM. A validated chemical spectrum of an ERS provides the global characteristics in order to more specifically identify and assess targeted CHM. This paper describes the fundamental concepts, potential significance, and basic criteria of ERS, along with methods of preparation and calibration. Given the diversity of CHM, the various problems that will occur in establishing the proper process of ERS will need to be solved in a step by step manner. The ERSs of Ziziphi spinosae semen and ERS of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbus are given as examples of the development of ERS and demonstrate why we are optimistic about the utility of this approach.展开更多
“Di-Huang” (Rehmanniae Radix) is a peculiar Chinese herbal drug, the fresh root named “Xian-Di-Huang” (“Xian” means fresh;the commerce is now rarely available), mild-baking-dried raw roots “Sheng-Di-Huang” (“...“Di-Huang” (Rehmanniae Radix) is a peculiar Chinese herbal drug, the fresh root named “Xian-Di-Huang” (“Xian” means fresh;the commerce is now rarely available), mild-baking-dried raw roots “Sheng-Di-Huang” (“Sheng” means raw) and steam-processed “Shu-Di-Huang” (“Shu” implies steam-processed). The both kinds of herbal drug exert different efficiencies with different property according to the traditional clinical theory. It would be of interest that searching the clue of why the therapeutic functions of the same drug differ between the pre- and post-processing. To disclose the comprehensive alteration of the iridoids, saccharides and phenylethanoids occurred between the raw and steam-processed “Di-Huang”, the HPTLC and HPLC chromatographic fingerprint analysis has been carried out. The results showed that in the raw crude drug, the iridoids like catalpol is the major bioactive components, and the oligosaccharides composition kept rather consistent;however, in the steam-processed Di-Huang, iridoids was almost disappeared and the oligosaccharides were hydrolyzed gradually through the repeated steam-heating process. The worst case showed only fructose was detected with other minor residual components in the root tuber. It is due to presumably the uncontrollable steaming process in folk workshops. Defining reasonably the boundary between the “Sheng-Di-Huang” (mild-baking-dried Rehmanniae radix) and “Shu-Di-Huang” (steaming processed Rehmanniae radix) set up by chromatographic fingerprint pattern and standardizing the process would be necessary for assuring the consistent quality of the commercial herbal drugs.展开更多
文摘Due to the scarcity of resources of Ziziphi spinosae semen(ZSS), many inferior goods and even adulterants are generally found in medicine markets. To strengthen the quality control, HPLC fingerprint common pattern established in this paper showed three main bioactive compounds in one chromatogram simultaneously. Principal component analysis based on DAD signals could discriminate adulterants and inferiorities. Principal component analysis indicated that all samples could be mainly regrouped into two main clusters according to the first principal component(PC1, redefined as Vicenin II)and the second principal component(PC2, redefined as zizyphusine). PC1 and PC2 could explain 91.42%of the variance. Content of zizyphusine fluctuated more greatly than that of spinosin, and this result was also confirmed by the HPTLC result. Samples with low content of jujubosides and two common adulterants could not be used equivalently with authenticated ones in clinic, while one reference standard extract could substitute the crude drug in pharmaceutical production. Giving special consideration to the well-known bioactive saponins but with low response by end absorption, a fast and cheap HPTLC methodfor quality control of ZSS was developed and the result obtained was commensurate well with that of HPLC analysis. Samples having similar fingerprints to HPTLC common pattern targeting at saponins could be regarded as authenticated ones. This work provided a faster and cheaper way for quality control of ZSS and laid foundation for establishing a more effective quality control method for ZSS.
文摘Conventional quantity determination of Chinese herbal medicines by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) must be carried out on a TLC scanner for measuring the marker component on the HPTLC plate. Generally the HPTLC image of the herbal drug always takes the photograph as the permanent visual document. Considering the photo of the HPTLC image preserving all the visual quality-related parameters, there might be an alternative cost/effective approach worth studying. It would be presumably applicable to use the exclusively developed software as a virtual scanner instead of the TLC Scanner instrument to do digital scanning, integrating and calculating target components in the photo of the HPTLC image. It means digitally scanning the photo of the HPTLC image solely with software does the same thing as the instrumental scanner does. Based on this protocol, we primarily conducted the assay of the contents of the major saponins, jujuboside a and jujuboside b, in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (Suan-Zao-Ren). Using home-developed software “digiscan” for acquiring the raw data and integrating the peaks area of the target components with “Origin Pro”, the contents of jujuboside a and jujuboside b can then be calculated respectively. The primary investigated experiment results were well compatible with official HPLC-ELSD method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The methodology validation and comparative analysis with HPLC confirmed that the unprecedented method is acceptable. The advantage of the recommended approach is far more simple, flexible and cost/effective than the conventional method, and it can be done at anytime and anywhere once only if the high quality HPTLC image photo is available. There would be a bright perspective for application to other herbal medicines. And the one-stop software for merging digital scanning, integration and calculation together is in progress.
文摘The emerging development of Extractive Reference Substance (ERS) is a methodology that meets the needs for quality control for Chinese Herbal Medicines (CHM) and respects the holistic viewpoint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its clinical use of multiple ingredients with synergistic effects. The convention of using just a selected few Chemical Reference Substances (CRS) cannot adequately assess the quality of intact CHM. A validated chemical spectrum of an ERS provides the global characteristics in order to more specifically identify and assess targeted CHM. This paper describes the fundamental concepts, potential significance, and basic criteria of ERS, along with methods of preparation and calibration. Given the diversity of CHM, the various problems that will occur in establishing the proper process of ERS will need to be solved in a step by step manner. The ERSs of Ziziphi spinosae semen and ERS of Fritillaria thunbergii bulbus are given as examples of the development of ERS and demonstrate why we are optimistic about the utility of this approach.
文摘“Di-Huang” (Rehmanniae Radix) is a peculiar Chinese herbal drug, the fresh root named “Xian-Di-Huang” (“Xian” means fresh;the commerce is now rarely available), mild-baking-dried raw roots “Sheng-Di-Huang” (“Sheng” means raw) and steam-processed “Shu-Di-Huang” (“Shu” implies steam-processed). The both kinds of herbal drug exert different efficiencies with different property according to the traditional clinical theory. It would be of interest that searching the clue of why the therapeutic functions of the same drug differ between the pre- and post-processing. To disclose the comprehensive alteration of the iridoids, saccharides and phenylethanoids occurred between the raw and steam-processed “Di-Huang”, the HPTLC and HPLC chromatographic fingerprint analysis has been carried out. The results showed that in the raw crude drug, the iridoids like catalpol is the major bioactive components, and the oligosaccharides composition kept rather consistent;however, in the steam-processed Di-Huang, iridoids was almost disappeared and the oligosaccharides were hydrolyzed gradually through the repeated steam-heating process. The worst case showed only fructose was detected with other minor residual components in the root tuber. It is due to presumably the uncontrollable steaming process in folk workshops. Defining reasonably the boundary between the “Sheng-Di-Huang” (mild-baking-dried Rehmanniae radix) and “Shu-Di-Huang” (steaming processed Rehmanniae radix) set up by chromatographic fingerprint pattern and standardizing the process would be necessary for assuring the consistent quality of the commercial herbal drugs.
