Detection and Analysis of Lead,Cadmium and Arsenic Content in Common Vegetables

This study was carried out to detect content of heavy metals( Pb,Cd,and As) in vegetables,understand the current situation of heavy metal contamination in vegetables,and to provide scientific reference for further researches. It randomly selected 6 large vegetable markets and 6 supermarkets in Changsha City,selected 8 types of typical vegetables,and detected 96 samples. In accordance with maximum level of contaminants in foods in existing GB2762- 2012 standard,Nemerow composite pollution index( Pt) and grading standards,it made evaluation: uncontaminated( Pt≤ 1),mildly contaminated( 1 < Pt≤2),moderately contaminated( 2 < Pt≤3),and highly contaminated( Pt>3). Among 96 samples,range of content of Pb,Cd and As is( 0. 06- 1. 41),( 0. 06- 1. 26) and( 0. 00- 0. 91) mg / kg respectively; the over- limit rate of these metals exceeding the safety level is 78. 13%,45. 83%,and 34. 38% separately; the composite pollution index is in( 0. 90-6. 05),the eggplant is 6. 05 and hot pepper is 3. 24; the content of Pb( F =23. 908,P =0. 001) and Cd( F =64. 908,P =0. 000)are significantly different between 8 types of vegetables and there is no significant difference between the content of As( F = 4. 634,P = 0. 705> 0. 05) in 8 types of vegetables. Study shows that common vegetables in Changsha City has problem of excess Pb,Cd and As,and the Pb over- limit rate is the highest. The composite pollution index indicates that most heavy metal contamination of vegetables is mild and moderate contamination,melon,fruit and vegetable contamination is high contamination,and Cd is the major factor leading to contamination of melons,fruits and vegetables.

Injury Mortality of Children and Adolescents Aged 0–19 Years—China,2010–2021

Introduction:To examine the recent trends in child injury mortality in China.Methods:Injury mortality data of 2010–2021 for children and adolescents aged 0–19 years were from the China Health Statistics Yearbook.Injury mortality disparities across urban vs.rural locations,gender,and age groups were scrutinized.Annual percent change(APC),average annual percent change(AAPC),and their 95%confidence intervals(95%CI)were estiamted usimg Joinpoint regression models.Results:The age-standardized injury mortality significantly dropped from 21.87 to 9.41 per 100,000 population among children and youth aged 0–19 years during 2010–2021,with an AAPC of−6.7%(95%CI:−8.2%,−5.2%).The urban-rural disparity and gender gap in injury mortality reduced gradually.In 2021,drowning and road traffic crashes were the top two causes of child injury deaths,explaing 31.1%and 27.9%of total injury deaths,respectively.Suffocation accounted for 62.3%of injury deaths among infants younger than a year.Alarmingly,the suicide mortality rate rose from 2.16 to 3.42 per 100,000 population between 2010 and 2021 among teenagers aged 15–19 years.Subgroup analyses yielded similar results.Conclusions:During 2010–2021,the injury mortality decreased significantly among Chinese children and adolescents,and the responding urbanrural disparities narrowed.

Global Deaths Associated with Population Aging—1990–2019

Introduction:Published global and countryspecific deaths associated with population aging are based on decomposition methods that have significant limitations.Methods:A new decomposition method was developed and its performance was compared with two frequently used methods.The new method was employed to calculate global deaths associated with population aging between 1990 and 2019,using estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019(GBD 2019).Results:Compared to the two frequently-used existing methods,the new decomposition method generated results that are more consistent with logical expectations.Using the new method,the number of global deaths associated with population aging between 1990 and 2019 was 23.3 million.Upper middleincome countries accounted for 43%of global deaths related to population aging.The most deaths associated with population aging occurred from three types of disease:ischemic heart disease(5.0 million),stroke(3.8 million),and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(2.2 million).China,India,Japan,the United States of America,and Brazil had the largest number of deaths related to population aging.Loss related to population aging was completely or partially counteracted by the reduction in mortality in 195 of the 200 countries and territories experiencing population aging(97.5%).Conclusions:The new decomposition method achieves more justifiable results associated with population aging than existing methods.Globally,population aging was associated with a substantial increase of deaths between 1990 and 2019,but it was totally or partially offset by the reduction in mortality in 97.5%of countries and territories.