A collaborative approach to integrated energy systems that consider direct trading of multiple energy derivatives

The cooperative model of a multi-subject Regional Integrated Energy System(RIES)is no longer limited to the trading of traditional energy,but the trading of new energy derivatives such as Green Certificates(GC),Service Power(SP),and CO_(2) will be more involved in the energy allocation of the cooperative model.This study was conducted for the multi-entity RIES cooperative model considering the trading of electronics,GC,SP,and CO_(2).First,a cooperative framework including wind-photovoltaic generation system(WG),combined heat and power system(CHP),and power-carbon-hydrogen load(PCH)is proposed,and the mechanism of energy derivatives trading is also analyzed.Then,the sub-models of each agent in the cooperative model are established separately so that WG has the capability of GC generation,CHP has the capability of GC and CO_(2) absorption,and PCH can realize the effective utilization of CO_(2).Then,the WG–CHP–PCH cooperative model is established and equated into two sub-problems of cooperative benefit maximization and transaction payment negotiation,which are solved in a distributed manner by the alternating directed multiplier method(ADMM).Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed cooperative model and distributed solution is verified by simulation.The simulation results show that the WG–CHP–PCH cooperative model can substantially improve the operational efficiency of each agent and realize the efficient redistribution of energy and its derivatives.In addition,the dynamic parameter adjustment algorithm(DP)is further applied in the solving process to improve its convergence speed.By updating the step size during each iteration,the computational cost,the number of iterations,and the apparent oscillations are reduced,and the convergence performance of the algorithm is improved.

Association between inflammation,body mass index,and long-term outcomes in patients after percutaneous coronary intervention:A large cohort study

To the Editor:Despite optimal secondary prevention treatments,a large proportion of patients with coronary artery disease(CAD)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)are still at a high risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.Inflammation is a well-known component of residual cardiovascular risk and contributes to progression of atherosclerosis,leading to destabilization and rupture of atheroma plaques.^([1])As a downstream protein in the activated inflammatory pathway that mediates the progression of atherosclerosis,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hsCRP)is widely used as a biomarker of inflammatory status and predictor of adverse outcomes in the settings of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Study on Mechanisms of Photon-Induced Material Removal on Silicon at Atomic and Close-to-Atomic Scale

This paper presents a new approach for material removal on silicon at atomic and close-to-atomic scale assisted by photons.The corresponding mechanisms are also investigated.The proposed approach consists of two sequential steps:surface modification and photon irradiation.The back bonds of silicon atoms are first weakened by the chemisorption of chlorine and then broken by photon energy,leading to the desorption of chlorinated silicon.The mechanisms of photon-induced desorption of chlorinated silicon,i.e.,SiCl_(2) and SiCl,are explained by two models:the Menzel-Gomer-Redhead(MGR)and Antoniewicz models.The desorption probability associated with the two models is numerically calculated by solving the Liouville-von Neumann equations for open quantum systems.The calculation accuracy is verified by comparison with the results in literatures in the case of the NO/Pt(111)system.The calculation method is then applied to the cases of SiCl_(2)/Si and SiCl/Si systems.The results show that the value of desorption probability first increases dramatically and then saturates to a stable value within hundreds of femtoseconds after excitation.The desorption probability shows a super-linear dependence on the lifetime of excited states.