A hegemonic power can impose a strategic blockade on a rising nation when the latter’s power reaches a critical threshold.In such a case,the hegemonic power could utilize economic,political,military,and other strateg...A hegemonic power can impose a strategic blockade on a rising nation when the latter’s power reaches a critical threshold.In such a case,the hegemonic power could utilize economic,political,military,and other strategies to maintain its status and obstruct the growth of the rising nation.Two critical thresholds have traditionally been established for rising nations:the first breach occurs when the rising nation achieves 60%of the GDP of the hegemonic power,and the second occurs at the 80%mark.After World War II,the United States tended to safeguard its hegemony by imposing strategic blockades against rising nations usually when they infringed the 60%threshold.Since the United States launched a trade war against China in March 2018,the Trump and Biden administrations have executed two rounds of comprehensive containment and suppression actions against China.The consequent extreme pressure and high-intensity competition have resulted in intensive deterioration of bilateral relations.This case is the latest example of a hegemonic country implementing a strategic blockade against a rising country.The momentum of China’s rise is irreversible,and the country has already surpassed three-quarters of the power share of the United States.Therefore,the United States now faces a dilemma regarding the strategic blockade imposed on China.As a rising power,China should comprehensively understand the laws,define an appropriate national strategy,and effectively employ diplomacy.By doing so,China can effectively counter the strategic blockade imposed by the United States,protect its core interests,and ensure world peace and development.展开更多
In this paper, the decade data of meteorological satellite and surface meteorological observation of China have been analysed. The relationship between cloud and radiation has been studied. A set of empirical formulae...In this paper, the decade data of meteorological satellite and surface meteorological observation of China have been analysed. The relationship between cloud and radiation has been studied. A set of empirical formulae of the ralationships between the albedo and cloud amount, the outgoing longwave radiation and cloud amount in Chinese different districts and different seasons has been deduced. They express simply the response of both planet reflectivity and earth-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation to the change of cloud amount. So that the sensitivity of net radiation of the earth-atmosphere system to the change of cloud amount and the ratio of cloud reflective effect to greenhouse effect can be estimated. In this paper, the radiative process of the earth-atmosphere system, cloud and radiative balance and its effect on climate have been synthetically studied.展开更多
Purpose:This study traces the development of China's online education policy over the past 20 years.Design/Approach/Methods:Employing a textual research method,this study examines online education policymakers,pol...Purpose:This study traces the development of China's online education policy over the past 20 years.Design/Approach/Methods:Employing a textual research method,this study examines online education policymakers,policy content and influence,and related policies and regulations.Findings:This study identifies the starting point of China's online education policy and divides its development into four stages:namely,the pilot exploration stage(1999-2002),the standard development stage(2002-2012),the transformation stage(2012-2017),and the governance improvement stage(2017-present).Policy development reflects three characteristics:the need to meet the requirements of the times,shifting from a single management to multiple governance approach,and developing from one object for some people to one object for everyone.Current policy focuses on regulating institutions,content,and products,as well as guiding social capital to participate in online education.Originality Nalue:This study systematically analyzes the development of China's online education policies,discerns policy characteristics,and identifies current policy priorities.In doing so,this study enhances our understanding of the current status and potential needs of online education in China so as to promote its development from the perspective of education policy and governance.展开更多
本文介绍了ISO 55012 Asset management—Guidance on people involvement and competence标准的研制背景,解析了标准主要的技术内容,并结合ISO最新系列文件探讨了标准的应用前景。文中强调了资产管理不再局限于资产本身,而是关注资产...本文介绍了ISO 55012 Asset management—Guidance on people involvement and competence标准的研制背景,解析了标准主要的技术内容,并结合ISO最新系列文件探讨了标准的应用前景。文中强调了资产管理不再局限于资产本身,而是关注资产价值及其驱动因素。ISO 55012通过明确人员参与和能力提升的关键要素,帮助组织建立有知识、有沟通、有持续发展能力的资产管理团队,以支持资产管理目标的实现。展开更多
文摘A hegemonic power can impose a strategic blockade on a rising nation when the latter’s power reaches a critical threshold.In such a case,the hegemonic power could utilize economic,political,military,and other strategies to maintain its status and obstruct the growth of the rising nation.Two critical thresholds have traditionally been established for rising nations:the first breach occurs when the rising nation achieves 60%of the GDP of the hegemonic power,and the second occurs at the 80%mark.After World War II,the United States tended to safeguard its hegemony by imposing strategic blockades against rising nations usually when they infringed the 60%threshold.Since the United States launched a trade war against China in March 2018,the Trump and Biden administrations have executed two rounds of comprehensive containment and suppression actions against China.The consequent extreme pressure and high-intensity competition have resulted in intensive deterioration of bilateral relations.This case is the latest example of a hegemonic country implementing a strategic blockade against a rising country.The momentum of China’s rise is irreversible,and the country has already surpassed three-quarters of the power share of the United States.Therefore,the United States now faces a dilemma regarding the strategic blockade imposed on China.As a rising power,China should comprehensively understand the laws,define an appropriate national strategy,and effectively employ diplomacy.By doing so,China can effectively counter the strategic blockade imposed by the United States,protect its core interests,and ensure world peace and development.
基金The project is supported by National Natural Sciences Fundation of China (NNSFC)
文摘In this paper, the decade data of meteorological satellite and surface meteorological observation of China have been analysed. The relationship between cloud and radiation has been studied. A set of empirical formulae of the ralationships between the albedo and cloud amount, the outgoing longwave radiation and cloud amount in Chinese different districts and different seasons has been deduced. They express simply the response of both planet reflectivity and earth-atmosphere outgoing longwave radiation to the change of cloud amount. So that the sensitivity of net radiation of the earth-atmosphere system to the change of cloud amount and the ratio of cloud reflective effect to greenhouse effect can be estimated. In this paper, the radiative process of the earth-atmosphere system, cloud and radiative balance and its effect on climate have been synthetically studied.
基金This work was supported by the Peking University Big Data in Education Research Project(grant number:The Effectiveness of Online Education[2020ZDA01]).
文摘Purpose:This study traces the development of China's online education policy over the past 20 years.Design/Approach/Methods:Employing a textual research method,this study examines online education policymakers,policy content and influence,and related policies and regulations.Findings:This study identifies the starting point of China's online education policy and divides its development into four stages:namely,the pilot exploration stage(1999-2002),the standard development stage(2002-2012),the transformation stage(2012-2017),and the governance improvement stage(2017-present).Policy development reflects three characteristics:the need to meet the requirements of the times,shifting from a single management to multiple governance approach,and developing from one object for some people to one object for everyone.Current policy focuses on regulating institutions,content,and products,as well as guiding social capital to participate in online education.Originality Nalue:This study systematically analyzes the development of China's online education policies,discerns policy characteristics,and identifies current policy priorities.In doing so,this study enhances our understanding of the current status and potential needs of online education in China so as to promote its development from the perspective of education policy and governance.
文摘本文介绍了ISO 55012 Asset management—Guidance on people involvement and competence标准的研制背景,解析了标准主要的技术内容,并结合ISO最新系列文件探讨了标准的应用前景。文中强调了资产管理不再局限于资产本身,而是关注资产价值及其驱动因素。ISO 55012通过明确人员参与和能力提升的关键要素,帮助组织建立有知识、有沟通、有持续发展能力的资产管理团队,以支持资产管理目标的实现。
