目的总结芬太尼类药物制剂及临床应用的研究进展,为临床用药提供参考。方法采用计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)、万方(WanFang)及Web of Science,PubMed,Springer,Elsevier数据库和国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)、美国食品和药物管理...目的总结芬太尼类药物制剂及临床应用的研究进展,为临床用药提供参考。方法采用计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)、万方(WanFang)及Web of Science,PubMed,Springer,Elsevier数据库和国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)、美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)、欧洲药品管理局(EMA)官方网站2013年1月至2023年7月的芬太尼相关文献,从药物制剂、临床应用、药品不良反应、药物滥用等方向梳理研究概况。结果芬太尼作为阿片类麻醉镇痛药物,广泛用于联合麻醉、分娩镇痛,在大型手术镇痛治疗及癌痛管理方面具有独特优势,但引发的嗜睡、恶心、呼吸抑制、成瘾等ADR不容忽视。我国对芬太尼类药物实行整类列管;其已上市剂型主要有注射剂、口服制剂、透皮贴剂等,具有有效的疼痛缓解作用与良好的安全性和耐受性。临床使用过程中需根据制剂的特点进行选择,以减少ADR。结论开发芬太尼新剂型对提高芬太尼类药物的使用安全性和防止滥用具有重要意义。展开更多
目的通过文献计量学方法分析瑞德西韦治疗冠状病毒感染的现状。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统和Pubmed、Web Of Science、Ovid、Embase英文数据库从建库至2020年3月收录的关于瑞德西韦治疗冠状病毒感染的文献...目的通过文献计量学方法分析瑞德西韦治疗冠状病毒感染的现状。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统和Pubmed、Web Of Science、Ovid、Embase英文数据库从建库至2020年3月收录的关于瑞德西韦治疗冠状病毒感染的文献,对纳入研究的文献进行文献计量学分析。结果纳入分析的文献共17篇,其中4篇为临床研究(23.53%),13篇为基础研究(76.47%)。发表在美国、英格兰杂志的文献最多,均为不同研究单位合作共同完成相关研究,研究者主要来自美国和加拿大,第一作者单位主要为高校和研究院所,作者多在10人以上,大部分研究(82.35%)获得基金资助。文献中出现频次较高的关键词依次为remdesivir,GS-5734,coronavirus,Ebola virus,SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV,RdRp,RNA polymerases。结论瑞德西韦治疗冠状病毒感染的研究始于5年前,文献数量较少,多数为基础研究,临床研究较少,大部分研究在欧美发达国家完成。展开更多
The dependence of the effective penetration depthλe,on the external magnetic field in a high-Tc superconducter YBa2Cu3O7 has been measured by both dc and ac methods at liquid-nigtrogen temperature.It is found,thatλe...The dependence of the effective penetration depthλe,on the external magnetic field in a high-Tc superconducter YBa2Cu3O7 has been measured by both dc and ac methods at liquid-nigtrogen temperature.It is found,thatλe increases rapidly with increasing external field and is 0.13~0.15mm in macroscopic scale.The Hcl of the specimen,about 800e at 77K here,can be determined more reliably by comparing dcλe with acλe.The difference betweenλedc andλeac,and the jumping ofλedc may indicate the characters of superconducting glass.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture at Jiaji acupoints(EX-B 2)plus moxibustion and intermediate frequency on postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).METHODS:A total of 140 outpatients who satisfied th...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture at Jiaji acupoints(EX-B 2)plus moxibustion and intermediate frequency on postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).METHODS:A total of 140 outpatients who satisfied the inclusion criteria and volunteered for this treatment were randomly divided into treatment(n=70)and control(n=70)groups.Both groups received a localized lesion area and electroacupuncture treatment combined with moxibustion and intermediate frequency.The treatment group(TG)increased acupuncture at Jiaji acupoints(EX-B 2)and electroacupuncture.Pain and anxiety were assessed before and after 5,10,15,and 20 treatments by using visual pain simulation score(VAS)and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),respectively.Clinical efficacy was also evaluated.RESULTS:The baseline between the two groups did not significantly differ(P>0.05).The VAS and HAMA scores of the two groups after treatment significantly decreased compared with those of various treatment stages(P>0.05).The HAMA score(P<0.01)of TG was lower than that of the control group(CG).The VAS score of TG was lower than that of CG in the 5th and 10th treatments(P<0.01).In the 15 th and 10 th scores,CG was also superior to TG(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The combined treatment of electroacupuncture at Jiaji acupoints(EX-B 2),moxibustion,and intermediate frequency can relieve the pain and anxiety symptoms of PHN.The efficacy of the combined treatment was superior to traditional acupuncture.展开更多
Based on characteristic functions of variants, we developed an unconventional phase field modeling for investigating domains formation and evolution in tetragonal ferroelectrics. In order to develop this computational...Based on characteristic functions of variants, we developed an unconventional phase field modeling for investigating domains formation and evolution in tetragonal ferroelectrics. In order to develop this computational approach, we constructed the anisotropy energy of tetragonal variants, which is used instead of Landau-Devonshire potential in the conventional phase field method, resulting in that much fewer parameters are needed for simulations. This approach is advantageous in simulations of emerging ferroelectric materials. We employ it to study the formation and evolution of domains in tetragonal barium titanate single crystal, as well as the nonlinear behaviors under cyclical stress and electric field loading. A multi-rank laminated ferroelectric domain pattern, 90° domain switching accompanied by polarization rotation, and 180° domain switching accompanied by move of domain wall are predicted. It is found that the speed of 90° domain switching is slower than that of 180° domain switching, due to both polarization and transformation strain changed in 90° domain switching. It also suggests that large strain actuation can be generated in single crystal ferroelectrics via combined electromechanical loading inducing 90° domain switching. The good agreement between simulation results and experimental measurements is observed.展开更多
文摘目的总结芬太尼类药物制剂及临床应用的研究进展,为临床用药提供参考。方法采用计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普(VIP)、万方(WanFang)及Web of Science,PubMed,Springer,Elsevier数据库和国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)、美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)、欧洲药品管理局(EMA)官方网站2013年1月至2023年7月的芬太尼相关文献,从药物制剂、临床应用、药品不良反应、药物滥用等方向梳理研究概况。结果芬太尼作为阿片类麻醉镇痛药物,广泛用于联合麻醉、分娩镇痛,在大型手术镇痛治疗及癌痛管理方面具有独特优势,但引发的嗜睡、恶心、呼吸抑制、成瘾等ADR不容忽视。我国对芬太尼类药物实行整类列管;其已上市剂型主要有注射剂、口服制剂、透皮贴剂等,具有有效的疼痛缓解作用与良好的安全性和耐受性。临床使用过程中需根据制剂的特点进行选择,以减少ADR。结论开发芬太尼新剂型对提高芬太尼类药物的使用安全性和防止滥用具有重要意义。
文摘目的通过文献计量学方法分析瑞德西韦治疗冠状病毒感染的现状。方法检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统和Pubmed、Web Of Science、Ovid、Embase英文数据库从建库至2020年3月收录的关于瑞德西韦治疗冠状病毒感染的文献,对纳入研究的文献进行文献计量学分析。结果纳入分析的文献共17篇,其中4篇为临床研究(23.53%),13篇为基础研究(76.47%)。发表在美国、英格兰杂志的文献最多,均为不同研究单位合作共同完成相关研究,研究者主要来自美国和加拿大,第一作者单位主要为高校和研究院所,作者多在10人以上,大部分研究(82.35%)获得基金资助。文献中出现频次较高的关键词依次为remdesivir,GS-5734,coronavirus,Ebola virus,SARS-CoV,MERS-CoV,RdRp,RNA polymerases。结论瑞德西韦治疗冠状病毒感染的研究始于5年前,文献数量较少,多数为基础研究,临床研究较少,大部分研究在欧美发达国家完成。
基金Project suported by the National Science Fundation of China.
文摘The dependence of the effective penetration depthλe,on the external magnetic field in a high-Tc superconducter YBa2Cu3O7 has been measured by both dc and ac methods at liquid-nigtrogen temperature.It is found,thatλe increases rapidly with increasing external field and is 0.13~0.15mm in macroscopic scale.The Hcl of the specimen,about 800e at 77K here,can be determined more reliably by comparing dcλe with acλe.The difference betweenλedc andλeac,and the jumping ofλedc may indicate the characters of superconducting glass.
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effectiveness of electroacupuncture at Jiaji acupoints(EX-B 2)plus moxibustion and intermediate frequency on postherpetic neuralgia(PHN).METHODS:A total of 140 outpatients who satisfied the inclusion criteria and volunteered for this treatment were randomly divided into treatment(n=70)and control(n=70)groups.Both groups received a localized lesion area and electroacupuncture treatment combined with moxibustion and intermediate frequency.The treatment group(TG)increased acupuncture at Jiaji acupoints(EX-B 2)and electroacupuncture.Pain and anxiety were assessed before and after 5,10,15,and 20 treatments by using visual pain simulation score(VAS)and Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA),respectively.Clinical efficacy was also evaluated.RESULTS:The baseline between the two groups did not significantly differ(P>0.05).The VAS and HAMA scores of the two groups after treatment significantly decreased compared with those of various treatment stages(P>0.05).The HAMA score(P<0.01)of TG was lower than that of the control group(CG).The VAS score of TG was lower than that of CG in the 5th and 10th treatments(P<0.01).In the 15 th and 10 th scores,CG was also superior to TG(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:The combined treatment of electroacupuncture at Jiaji acupoints(EX-B 2),moxibustion,and intermediate frequency can relieve the pain and anxiety symptoms of PHN.The efficacy of the combined treatment was superior to traditional acupuncture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11572276&11502225)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.14JJ6015)
文摘Based on characteristic functions of variants, we developed an unconventional phase field modeling for investigating domains formation and evolution in tetragonal ferroelectrics. In order to develop this computational approach, we constructed the anisotropy energy of tetragonal variants, which is used instead of Landau-Devonshire potential in the conventional phase field method, resulting in that much fewer parameters are needed for simulations. This approach is advantageous in simulations of emerging ferroelectric materials. We employ it to study the formation and evolution of domains in tetragonal barium titanate single crystal, as well as the nonlinear behaviors under cyclical stress and electric field loading. A multi-rank laminated ferroelectric domain pattern, 90° domain switching accompanied by polarization rotation, and 180° domain switching accompanied by move of domain wall are predicted. It is found that the speed of 90° domain switching is slower than that of 180° domain switching, due to both polarization and transformation strain changed in 90° domain switching. It also suggests that large strain actuation can be generated in single crystal ferroelectrics via combined electromechanical loading inducing 90° domain switching. The good agreement between simulation results and experimental measurements is observed.
