Initial effects of inflammation-related cytokines and signaling pathways on the pathogenesis of post-traumatic osteoarthritis

The main pathological change in post-traumatic osteoarthritis （PTOA） is cartilage degeneration, which is closely related to inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammation can cause degeneration of articular cartilage. Cartilage degeneration can also stimulate the progression of inflammation. It has been found that inflammatory cytokines can participate in the pathological process of cartilage degeneration through multiple signaling pathways, mainly mitogen-activated protein kinase, nuclear transcription factor kappa B, and Wnt-p-catenin signal transduction pathways. This review aimed at exploring the relationship between PTOA and inflammation-related cytokines by introducing the role of proinflammatory cytokines in chondrocyte destruction and extracellular matrix degradation.

How to establish an expected animal model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis?

Background：Animal models of osteoarthritis（OA）,including post-traumatic osteoarthritis and spontaneous osteoarthritis,have been established in many ways.In recent years,there have been many reports in various foreign academic journals,but animal models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis（distinct from spontaneous osteoarthritis） have rarely been established or summarized in these reports.Animal models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis show different characteristics depending on the animal species and modeling methods used,which is why we have written this article.Objective：To summarize the research progress and research status of animal models of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.Methods：A retrospective review of the animal model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis（OA） was conducted on the basis of reports retrieved from the PubMed database with the keywords for searching ＂animal model,post-traumatic osteoarthritis（PTOA）＂ from October 2006 to October 2016 and confided English language.A total of 80 academic articles on the study of animal models of traumatic osteoarthritis were retrieved,and 34 of them were included in this literature review after reading the free fulltext of them.Results：Different PTOA models based on different modeling methods and different animal species had their own characteristics.Different modeling methods should be selected according to different modeling animals.Conclusions：Considering the project funds,experimental objectives and technical conditions,appropriate experimental animal and modeling method should be selected based on synthetic considerations to obtain an appropriate PTOA model and ideal experimental results.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty versus percutaneous kyphoplasty for the treatment of delayed post-traumatic vertebral body collapse(Kümmell’s disease) in Chinese patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy between percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty(PKP) in the treatment of Kümmell's disease in Chinese patients.Methods: The studies using randomized controlled trials to compare clinical efficacy between PVP and PKP in the treatment of Kümmell's disease in Chinese patients were retrieved from Embase, Pubmed, Central, Cinahl, PQDT, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang Data, and CBM(from September 2008 to September 2018). Keywords for both Chinese and English search were: percutaneous vertebroplasty, PVP, percutaneous kyphoplasty, PKP, and Kümmell's disease. A total of 132 articles were retrieved based on the search strategy through online database searching and manual searching. Finally, one foreign report and seven Chinese reports were included. After extracting the data, statistical software Review Manager 5.3 was used for data analysis.Results: Through comparison, Cobb angle(95% CI [0.54, 4.42), P = 0.01] and Oswestry Dysfunction Index(ODI)(95% CI [0.21, 2.15], P= 0.02) of PKP group was smaller than that of PVP group. Postoperative anterior vertebral body height of the PKP group was better than PVP group(95% CI [-1.27,-0.66], P < 0.001]. However, the PVP group had shorter operation time than PKP group(95% CI [-13.48,-7.43), P = 0.001]. In the other outcome measures, including Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) score(95% CI [-0.04, 0.27), P = 0.15), cement volume(95% CI [-0.82, 0.32], P = 0.39) and cement leakage(95% CI [0.90, 2.76], P = 0.11), there was no significant differences between the two procedures.Conclusions: At this stage, there is sufficient evidence to support that PKP is better than PVP in the treatment of Kümmell's disease in Chinese patients. Although PVP surgery requires much less operation time, PKP has better postoperative radiological results and lower ODI. Moreover, both of them had similar clinical results(e.g., analgesic effects, cement dosage, and leakage rate). Further evidence is dependent on the emergence of randomized controlled trials with higher quality and larger sample sizes in the future.

Annexin A1 involved in the regulation of inflammation and cell signaling pathways

With the deepening of research,proteomics has developed into a science covering the study of all the structural and functional characteristics of proteins and the dynamic change rules.The essence of various biological activities is revealed from the perspectives of the biological structure,functional activity and corresponding regulatory mechanism of proteins by proteomics.Among them,phospholipid-binding protein is one of the hotspots of proteomics,especially annexin A1,which is widely present in various tissues and cells of the body.It has the capability of binding to phospholipid membranes reversibly in a calcium ion dependent manner.In order to provide possible research ideas for researchers,who are interested in this protein,the biological effects of annexin A1,such as inflammatory regulation,cell signal transduction,cell proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis are described in this paper.

rhBMP in lumber fusion for lumbar spondylolisthesis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) and iliac crest autograft in the fusion treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Methods: The studies using randomized con trolled trials to compare the rhBMP with iliac crest autograft in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis were retrieved from Embase, Pubmed, ProQuest dissertations & theses (PQDT), China national knowledge infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang Data, Cochrane Library (from March 1998 to March 2018). Postoperative fusion rate, clinical success rate, postoperative intervertebral height, complications, operation time, blood loss and duration of hospitalization were chosen as the outcome indicators. Methodological quality of the trials was critically assessed, and releva nt data were extracted. Statistical software Revman 5.3 was used for dataanalysis. Results: Eleven articles were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that, comparing the efficacy of rhBMP with iliac crest autograft, statistical significance was found in the 24-month fusion rate post operation [95% CI (1.38, 24.70), p = 0.02] and operation time [95% CI (-14.22,-2.08), p = 0.008]. There is not sufficient evidence for statistical differences in the remaining indicators. Conclusion: The current literature shows rhBMP is a safe and effective grafting material in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Further evidenee is dependent on the emergence of more randomized controlled trials with higher quality and larger sample sizes in the future.