In this paper,we generally summarize the main issues in the operational period of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China over the past several decades.First,the adverse impacts of these projects since the ...In this paper,we generally summarize the main issues in the operational period of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China over the past several decades.First,the adverse impacts of these projects since the technical guidelines were proposed in 2006 are analyzed.Then,combined with projects and experience from 2006 to 2014,the four main issues are summarized:(1) There exist many questions in the design and construction of fishways,which are useful for fish migration,and the migration effects are not as expected.(2) Temperature stratification affecting the downstream fish is the major impact of temperature,and alters fish spawning in the reproduction season.(3)Ecological base flow has been one of the primary questions of the last 30 years in China,the greatest related difficulty being quantification of the amount and flow process necessary to satisfy fish life history.(4) Fish habitat protection and restoration are popular topics in recent years with the development of river ecosystem restoration.Fish habitat loss due to the impacts of dam construction and habitat fragmentation has become more and more serious.These four issues are now the main difficulties in water project management,and interact with one another to bear combined effects on river ecosystems.The issues of eco-hydraulic consideration in the design period are the key factors.Finally,future priorities for research and practice of environmental protection for water conservancy and hydropower projects in China are proposed.The main purpose of this paper is to enhance the scientific research,monitoring,and assessment of operating effectiveness.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Although it is generally believed that nicotine accounts for the beneficial effect of smoking on ulcerative colitis,the underlying mechanisms remain not well understood.Our previous finding that nicotine inh...OBJECTIVE Although it is generally believed that nicotine accounts for the beneficial effect of smoking on ulcerative colitis,the underlying mechanisms remain not well understood.Our previous finding that nicotine inhibits inflammatory responses through inducing miRNA-124 prompted us to ask whether the miRNA is involved in the protective action of nicotine on UC.METHODS MiR-124 expres.sion in colon tissues and cells was determined by q-PCR and in situ hybridization.The effect of miR-124 on protective role of nicotine in ulcerative colitis was evaluated in DSS-treated mice and IL-6-treated Caco-2 colon epithelial cells.Expression of p-STAT3/STAT3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis.RESULTS miR-124 expression is upregulated in colon tissues from UC patients and DSS-induced colitis mice.Nicotine treatment further elevated miR-124 level in lympho.cytes isolated from human ulcerative colonic mucosa and ulcerative colon tissues from DSS mice,both in infiltrated lymphocytes and epithelial cells.Administration of nicotine also reduced weight loss,improved DAI and decreased HE score in DSS-induced colitis mice.Moreover,knockdown of miR-124 in vivo significantly diminished the beneficial effect of nicotine on murine colitis,and in vitro on IL-6-treated Caco-2 colon epithelial cells.Further analysis indicated that nicotine inhibited STAT3 activation in vivo and in IL-6-treated Caco-2 colon epithelial cells and Jurkat human T lymphocytes,in which miR-124 knockdown led to increased activation of STAT3.Blocking STAT3 activity alone is beneficial for DSS colitis and also abolished nicotine′s protective effect in this model.CONCLUSION These data indicated that nicotine exerts its protective action in UC through inducing miR-124 and its effect on STAT3,and suggest that the miR-124/STAT3 system is a potential target for the therapeutic intervention of UC.展开更多
In recent years,miR-124 has emerged as a critical modulator of immunity and inflammation.Here,we summarize studies on the function and mechanism of miR-124 in the immune system and immunity-related diseases.They indic...In recent years,miR-124 has emerged as a critical modulator of immunity and inflammation.Here,we summarize studies on the function and mechanism of miR-124 in the immune system and immunity-related diseases.They indicated that miR-124 exerts a crucial role in the development of immune system,regulation of immune responses,and inflammatory disorders.It is evident that miR-124 may serve as an informative diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the future.展开更多
In recent decades,a series of policies and practices for environmental flows(e-flows)have been implemented in China,with the sustainable development goal of balancing the utilization and protection of water resources ...In recent decades,a series of policies and practices for environmental flows(e-flows)have been implemented in China,with the sustainable development goal of balancing the utilization and protection of water resources among social,economic,and ecological needs.The aims of this study were to determine the main challenges and issues in e-flows implementation at different scales by analyzing policies and practices for eflows in China,and to propose some recommendations for bridging the gaps between the science and implementation of e-flows.The gaps between the science and implementation of e-flows were found after review of literature,policies,and practices,and it was found that ecological flow was a more widely used term by the government,rather than e-flows,in implementation.The plans and effects of e-flows implementation are discussed in this paper and challenges of e-flows implementation are recognized:(1)limited water resources and uneven spatial and temporal distribution,(2)a weak scientific basis for e-flows implementation,(3)poor operability of e-flows science,and(4)ineffective supervision and guarantee measures.The recommendations are(1)to strengthen the scientific foundation of e-flows,(2)to improve effectiveness in application of e-flows science,and(3)to propose operable and effective supervision and guarantee measures.This paper elaborates the current understanding of e-flows science and provides practical recommendations for implementing e-flows and for improving the effectiveness in e-flows implementation.To bridge the gaps between science and implementation of e-flows and improve the operability of policies in future practices,more scientific research on practices is recommended through adaptive management.展开更多
BACKGROUND Appendico-vesicocolonic fistulas and appendiceal-colonic fistulas are two kinds of intestinal and bladder diseases that are rarely seen in the clinic.To our knowledge,no more than 4 cases of appendico-vesic...BACKGROUND Appendico-vesicocolonic fistulas and appendiceal-colonic fistulas are two kinds of intestinal and bladder diseases that are rarely seen in the clinic.To our knowledge,no more than 4 cases of appendico-vesicocolonic fistulas have been publicly reported throughout the world,and no more than 100 cases of appendiceal-colonic fistulas have been reported.Although the overall incidence is low,an early diagnosis is difficult due to their atypical initial symptoms,but these diseases still require our attention.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of a 77-year-old male patient diagnosed with an appendico-vesicocolonic fistula combined with an appendiceal-colonic fistula.The main manifestations were diarrhea and urine that contained fecal material.The diagnosis was confirmed by multiple laboratory and imaging examinations.A routine urinalysis showed red blood cells and white blood cells.Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans showed close adhesions between the bowels and the bladder,and fistulas could be seen.Colonoscopy and cystoscopy and some other imaging examinations clearly showed fistulas.The preoperative diagnoses were a colovesical fistula and an appendiceal-colonic fistula.The fistulas were repaired by laparoscopic surgical treatment.The diseased bowel and part of the bladder wall were removed,followed by a protective ileostomy.The postoperative diagnosis was an appendico-vesicocolonic fistula combined with an appendiceal-colonic fistula,and the pathology suggested inflammatory changes.The patient recovered well after surgery,and all his symptoms resolved.CONCLUSION The final diagnosis in this case was a double fistula consisting of an appendicovesicocolonic fistula combined with an appendiceal-colonic fistula.展开更多
Gender differences in fatigue,manifesting as female more prone to feel exhausted with lower muscle endurance,still remains unclear mechanism.Here,we investigated whether orosomucoid,an endogenous anti-fatigue protein ...Gender differences in fatigue,manifesting as female more prone to feel exhausted with lower muscle endurance,still remains unclear mechanism.Here,we investigated whether orosomucoid,an endogenous anti-fatigue protein which can enhance muscle endurance,is involved in this regulation.Female rats showed lower muscle endurance,and this gender difference was disappeared in orosomucoid 1-deficient mice.Female rats also displayed weaker orosomucoid induction in serum,liver and muscle in response to fatigue when compared to male ones.Ovariectomy in female rats results in elevated orosomucoid level and increased swimming time which was reversed by estrogen replenishment,while exogenous estrogen treatment both in male or female mice produced opposite effects.In vitro C2C12 muscle and Chang liver cells,estrogen decreased orosomucoid expression and its promoter activity,and this effect was abolished when estrogen receptor or MAPK was blocked.Thus,estrogen negatively regulates orosomucoid expression,which is responsible for the weaker muscle endurance in females.展开更多
基金supported by a General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2016M592404)the projects funded by the China Three Gorges Corporation(Grants No.0799556 and0799564)
文摘In this paper,we generally summarize the main issues in the operational period of water conservancy and hydropower projects in China over the past several decades.First,the adverse impacts of these projects since the technical guidelines were proposed in 2006 are analyzed.Then,combined with projects and experience from 2006 to 2014,the four main issues are summarized:(1) There exist many questions in the design and construction of fishways,which are useful for fish migration,and the migration effects are not as expected.(2) Temperature stratification affecting the downstream fish is the major impact of temperature,and alters fish spawning in the reproduction season.(3)Ecological base flow has been one of the primary questions of the last 30 years in China,the greatest related difficulty being quantification of the amount and flow process necessary to satisfy fish life history.(4) Fish habitat protection and restoration are popular topics in recent years with the development of river ecosystem restoration.Fish habitat loss due to the impacts of dam construction and habitat fragmentation has become more and more serious.These four issues are now the main difficulties in water project management,and interact with one another to bear combined effects on river ecosystems.The issues of eco-hydraulic consideration in the design period are the key factors.Finally,future priorities for research and practice of environmental protection for water conservancy and hydropower projects in China are proposed.The main purpose of this paper is to enhance the scientific research,monitoring,and assessment of operating effectiveness.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(8147325981603116)
文摘OBJECTIVE Although it is generally believed that nicotine accounts for the beneficial effect of smoking on ulcerative colitis,the underlying mechanisms remain not well understood.Our previous finding that nicotine inhibits inflammatory responses through inducing miRNA-124 prompted us to ask whether the miRNA is involved in the protective action of nicotine on UC.METHODS MiR-124 expres.sion in colon tissues and cells was determined by q-PCR and in situ hybridization.The effect of miR-124 on protective role of nicotine in ulcerative colitis was evaluated in DSS-treated mice and IL-6-treated Caco-2 colon epithelial cells.Expression of p-STAT3/STAT3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western-blot analysis.RESULTS miR-124 expression is upregulated in colon tissues from UC patients and DSS-induced colitis mice.Nicotine treatment further elevated miR-124 level in lympho.cytes isolated from human ulcerative colonic mucosa and ulcerative colon tissues from DSS mice,both in infiltrated lymphocytes and epithelial cells.Administration of nicotine also reduced weight loss,improved DAI and decreased HE score in DSS-induced colitis mice.Moreover,knockdown of miR-124 in vivo significantly diminished the beneficial effect of nicotine on murine colitis,and in vitro on IL-6-treated Caco-2 colon epithelial cells.Further analysis indicated that nicotine inhibited STAT3 activation in vivo and in IL-6-treated Caco-2 colon epithelial cells and Jurkat human T lymphocytes,in which miR-124 knockdown led to increased activation of STAT3.Blocking STAT3 activity alone is beneficial for DSS colitis and also abolished nicotine′s protective effect in this model.CONCLUSION These data indicated that nicotine exerts its protective action in UC through inducing miR-124 and its effect on STAT3,and suggest that the miR-124/STAT3 system is a potential target for the therapeutic intervention of UC.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 81273606,81473259 to XL,81603116 to YS)National Science and Technology Major Project(grant number 2014ZX09J14103-08C to XL)
文摘In recent years,miR-124 has emerged as a critical modulator of immunity and inflammation.Here,we summarize studies on the function and mechanism of miR-124 in the immune system and immunity-related diseases.They indicated that miR-124 exerts a crucial role in the development of immune system,regulation of immune responses,and inflammatory disorders.It is evident that miR-124 may serve as an informative diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the future.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFE0196000)
文摘In recent decades,a series of policies and practices for environmental flows(e-flows)have been implemented in China,with the sustainable development goal of balancing the utilization and protection of water resources among social,economic,and ecological needs.The aims of this study were to determine the main challenges and issues in e-flows implementation at different scales by analyzing policies and practices for eflows in China,and to propose some recommendations for bridging the gaps between the science and implementation of e-flows.The gaps between the science and implementation of e-flows were found after review of literature,policies,and practices,and it was found that ecological flow was a more widely used term by the government,rather than e-flows,in implementation.The plans and effects of e-flows implementation are discussed in this paper and challenges of e-flows implementation are recognized:(1)limited water resources and uneven spatial and temporal distribution,(2)a weak scientific basis for e-flows implementation,(3)poor operability of e-flows science,and(4)ineffective supervision and guarantee measures.The recommendations are(1)to strengthen the scientific foundation of e-flows,(2)to improve effectiveness in application of e-flows science,and(3)to propose operable and effective supervision and guarantee measures.This paper elaborates the current understanding of e-flows science and provides practical recommendations for implementing e-flows and for improving the effectiveness in e-flows implementation.To bridge the gaps between science and implementation of e-flows and improve the operability of policies in future practices,more scientific research on practices is recommended through adaptive management.
文摘BACKGROUND Appendico-vesicocolonic fistulas and appendiceal-colonic fistulas are two kinds of intestinal and bladder diseases that are rarely seen in the clinic.To our knowledge,no more than 4 cases of appendico-vesicocolonic fistulas have been publicly reported throughout the world,and no more than 100 cases of appendiceal-colonic fistulas have been reported.Although the overall incidence is low,an early diagnosis is difficult due to their atypical initial symptoms,but these diseases still require our attention.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of a 77-year-old male patient diagnosed with an appendico-vesicocolonic fistula combined with an appendiceal-colonic fistula.The main manifestations were diarrhea and urine that contained fecal material.The diagnosis was confirmed by multiple laboratory and imaging examinations.A routine urinalysis showed red blood cells and white blood cells.Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans showed close adhesions between the bowels and the bladder,and fistulas could be seen.Colonoscopy and cystoscopy and some other imaging examinations clearly showed fistulas.The preoperative diagnoses were a colovesical fistula and an appendiceal-colonic fistula.The fistulas were repaired by laparoscopic surgical treatment.The diseased bowel and part of the bladder wall were removed,followed by a protective ileostomy.The postoperative diagnosis was an appendico-vesicocolonic fistula combined with an appendiceal-colonic fistula,and the pathology suggested inflammatory changes.The patient recovered well after surgery,and all his symptoms resolved.CONCLUSION The final diagnosis in this case was a double fistula consisting of an appendicovesicocolonic fistula combined with an appendiceal-colonic fistula.
文摘Gender differences in fatigue,manifesting as female more prone to feel exhausted with lower muscle endurance,still remains unclear mechanism.Here,we investigated whether orosomucoid,an endogenous anti-fatigue protein which can enhance muscle endurance,is involved in this regulation.Female rats showed lower muscle endurance,and this gender difference was disappeared in orosomucoid 1-deficient mice.Female rats also displayed weaker orosomucoid induction in serum,liver and muscle in response to fatigue when compared to male ones.Ovariectomy in female rats results in elevated orosomucoid level and increased swimming time which was reversed by estrogen replenishment,while exogenous estrogen treatment both in male or female mice produced opposite effects.In vitro C2C12 muscle and Chang liver cells,estrogen decreased orosomucoid expression and its promoter activity,and this effect was abolished when estrogen receptor or MAPK was blocked.Thus,estrogen negatively regulates orosomucoid expression,which is responsible for the weaker muscle endurance in females.
