This paper provided an efficient single pass severe plastic deformation(SPD)method,annular channel angular extrusion(ACAE),for fabricating AZ80 magnesium alloy shell part.The effect of ACAE process on the microstructu...This paper provided an efficient single pass severe plastic deformation(SPD)method,annular channel angular extrusion(ACAE),for fabricating AZ80 magnesium alloy shell part.The effect of ACAE process on the microstructure homogeneity,texture,and mechanical properties of extruded part was experimentally investigated.For comparison,conventional backward extrusion(BE)was also conducted on processing AZ80 part with same specification.The results showed that ACAE process has a better capacity to refine the microstructure and dramatic improve the deformation homogeneity of the extruded part than BE process.Due to two strong shear deformations were implemented,ACAE process could also concurrently modify the basal texture more notably than BE process.In particular,a bimodal texture was found in ACAE extruded part,which was greatly related to the enhanced synergetic action of basal slip and secondary<c+a>slip caused by the effective shear stress.More uniform and superior hardness along the thickness and height of part were achieved via ACAE process.Further surveying of tensile tests also showed that the part fabricated by ACAE process exhibited significantly higher and far more homogeneous tensile properties with an excellent balance of strength and ductility.The remarkable enhanced tensile properties of ACAE extruded part could be primarily attributed to the significant grain refinement,which provided a powerful grain boundary strengthening effect and meaningfully suppressed the development of twin-sized cracks during tensile deformation.It was established that ACAE process seemed to be a very promising single pass SPD method for manufacturing Mg-based alloy shell parts with more homogeneous microstructure and superior performance.展开更多
The increasing use of pharmaceuticals has become a major environmental issue in China.The presence of antibiotics in water may have deleterious eff ects on non-target aquatic organisms such as microalgae.In this study...The increasing use of pharmaceuticals has become a major environmental issue in China.The presence of antibiotics in water may have deleterious eff ects on non-target aquatic organisms such as microalgae.In this study,a cyanobacterium and an alga species in surface waters,Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas microsphaera,were exposed to 0,0.1,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0,10.0,and 20.0 mg/L of oxytetracycline dihydrate(OXY)and sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)for 96 h to determine the eff ects of these antibiotics on the growth and surface morphology.Moreover,the photosynthetic activity and the contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),and protein were measured to examine the biochemical characteristics of M.aeruginosa and C.microsphaera under OXY and SMZ stress.The eff ects of both antibiotics on the growth of both species were concentration-dependent and characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition.C.microsphaera was more sensitive to both antibiotics than M.aeruginosa was.The algal cell membranes of both species disintegrated after exposure to a high concentration of OXY.All of the physiological parameters measured in this study were relatively stable at low concentrations of OXY and SMZ.After exposure to high concentrations of OXY and SMZ,photosynthetic activity decreased signifi cantly,whereas lipid peroxidation and the abundance of SOD,MDA,and protein increased signifi cantly.Thus,low-dose antibiotics may increase algal blooms in eutrophic waters.展开更多
In the current era of digital surveying and mapping to intelligent surveying and mapping,ubiquitous surveying and mapping has brought many opportunities and challenges to college engineering course teaching.With the d...In the current era of digital surveying and mapping to intelligent surveying and mapping,ubiquitous surveying and mapping has brought many opportunities and challenges to college engineering course teaching.With the development of ubiquitous surveying and mapping,college engineering practice courses urgently need to respond to ubiquitous surveying and mapping.The research aims to integrate the development of ubiquitous surveying and mapping into the teaching of engineering practice courses in colleges,including promoting Android,Brower/Server(B/S),and Client/Server(C/S)to build a platform for practice courses.This also incorporates real development cases in measurement data processing such as gravity field refinement.In this way,the teaching level of engineering practice courses in colleges can be improved,and new ideas can be put forward for cultivating surveying and mapping talents in the new era in colleges.Finally,it can also provide new ideas for the organization of surveying and mapping practice courses under the background of the pandemic.展开更多
With the urgent demand for generalized deep models,many pre-trained big models are proposed,such as bidirectional encoder representations(BERT),vision transformer(ViT),generative pre-trained transformers(GPT),etc.Insp...With the urgent demand for generalized deep models,many pre-trained big models are proposed,such as bidirectional encoder representations(BERT),vision transformer(ViT),generative pre-trained transformers(GPT),etc.Inspired by the success of these models in single domains(like computer vision and natural language processing),the multi-modal pre-trained big models have also drawn more and more attention in recent years.In this work,we give a comprehensive survey of these models and hope this paper could provide new insights and helps fresh researchers to track the most cutting-edge works.Specifically,we firstly introduce the background of multi-modal pre-training by reviewing the conventional deep learning,pre-training works in natural language process,computer vision,and speech.Then,we introduce the task definition,key challenges,and advantages of multi-modal pre-training models(MM-PTMs),and discuss the MM-PTMs with a focus on data,objectives,network architectures,and knowledge enhanced pre-training.After that,we introduce the downstream tasks used for the validation of large-scale MM-PTMs,including generative,classification,and regression tasks.We also give visualization and analysis of the model parameters and results on representative downstream tasks.Finally,we point out possible research directions for this topic that may benefit future works.In addition,we maintain a continuously updated paper list for large-scale pre-trained multi-modal big models:https://github.com/wangxiao5791509/MultiModal_BigModels_Survey.展开更多
This study investigated the stabilization of heavy metals by adding modified fly ash(FA)to contaminated soils,and two similar materials,NaOH-zeolite(ZE)and natural zeolite(ZO)were introduced into the soils for compari...This study investigated the stabilization of heavy metals by adding modified fly ash(FA)to contaminated soils,and two similar materials,NaOH-zeolite(ZE)and natural zeolite(ZO)were introduced into the soils for comparison.Column leaching tests were conducted to analyze the difference of stabilization effects between the three materials.Leaching columns were run for 6 months,and a considerable stabilization of heavy metals in the soils was observed.The concentration of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)in the amended soil substantially decreased(p<0.05).The results indicated that after 11 weeks of column leaching,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil leachate decreased to below the detection limit due to amendment stabilization.Among the three amendments,the ZE amendment showed the optimum capacity for heavy metal immobilisation in the soils.In addition,after 6 months of leaching,Pb and Cd concentrations in the soils with the three different amendments decreased to various degrees.The amendments of modified FA and ZE were better than those of natural ZO.Coal FA,after modification,is a useful amendment for the remediation of heavy metals in the contaminated soil.展开更多
Assembled protein-based substances are emerging and promising classes of materials that provide unique properties for various applications in biotechnology and nanotechnolegy. Self-assembly is an effective way to immo...Assembled protein-based substances are emerging and promising classes of materials that provide unique properties for various applications in biotechnology and nanotechnolegy. Self-assembly is an effective way to immobilize protein. In this study, DNAs-conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA) assembled into fibers via DNA hybridization is demonstrated. The morphology of fibers was observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the assembly mechanism was then analysed and discussed. BSA molecules were first linked by DNA molecule and formed linear chains. These chains then were parallelly linked through additional DNA hybridization. Finally, several BSA chains further assembled into fibers by layering lamellae in a parallel manner. This work perhaps will provide a guide to the immobilization of enzyme, which could be applied to increase its catalytic efficiency in biomedicine and nanotechnology.展开更多
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.51605448)Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi(Grant no.201701D221093)"HIGH-GRADE CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment"Major National Science and technology projects(Grant no.2019ZX04022001-004).
文摘This paper provided an efficient single pass severe plastic deformation(SPD)method,annular channel angular extrusion(ACAE),for fabricating AZ80 magnesium alloy shell part.The effect of ACAE process on the microstructure homogeneity,texture,and mechanical properties of extruded part was experimentally investigated.For comparison,conventional backward extrusion(BE)was also conducted on processing AZ80 part with same specification.The results showed that ACAE process has a better capacity to refine the microstructure and dramatic improve the deformation homogeneity of the extruded part than BE process.Due to two strong shear deformations were implemented,ACAE process could also concurrently modify the basal texture more notably than BE process.In particular,a bimodal texture was found in ACAE extruded part,which was greatly related to the enhanced synergetic action of basal slip and secondary<c+a>slip caused by the effective shear stress.More uniform and superior hardness along the thickness and height of part were achieved via ACAE process.Further surveying of tensile tests also showed that the part fabricated by ACAE process exhibited significantly higher and far more homogeneous tensile properties with an excellent balance of strength and ductility.The remarkable enhanced tensile properties of ACAE extruded part could be primarily attributed to the significant grain refinement,which provided a powerful grain boundary strengthening effect and meaningfully suppressed the development of twin-sized cracks during tensile deformation.It was established that ACAE process seemed to be a very promising single pass SPD method for manufacturing Mg-based alloy shell parts with more homogeneous microstructure and superior performance.
基金Supported by the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture(No.201203045)。
文摘The increasing use of pharmaceuticals has become a major environmental issue in China.The presence of antibiotics in water may have deleterious eff ects on non-target aquatic organisms such as microalgae.In this study,a cyanobacterium and an alga species in surface waters,Microcystis aeruginosa and Chlamydomonas microsphaera,were exposed to 0,0.1,0.5,1.0,2.0,5.0,10.0,and 20.0 mg/L of oxytetracycline dihydrate(OXY)and sulfamethoxazole(SMZ)for 96 h to determine the eff ects of these antibiotics on the growth and surface morphology.Moreover,the photosynthetic activity and the contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),and protein were measured to examine the biochemical characteristics of M.aeruginosa and C.microsphaera under OXY and SMZ stress.The eff ects of both antibiotics on the growth of both species were concentration-dependent and characterized by low-dose stimulation and high-dose inhibition.C.microsphaera was more sensitive to both antibiotics than M.aeruginosa was.The algal cell membranes of both species disintegrated after exposure to a high concentration of OXY.All of the physiological parameters measured in this study were relatively stable at low concentrations of OXY and SMZ.After exposure to high concentrations of OXY and SMZ,photosynthetic activity decreased signifi cantly,whereas lipid peroxidation and the abundance of SOD,MDA,and protein increased signifi cantly.Thus,low-dose antibiotics may increase algal blooms in eutrophic waters.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41930101,41861061)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M660091XB)+10 种基金Innovation Capability Improvement Project of Higher Education Institutions in Gansu Province(No.2020A-037)State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering and Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Science and Geospatial InformationTechnology of MNR,CASM(No.2022-01-13)Key Laboratory of Geography and National Condition Monitoring,Ministry of NaturalResources(No.2022NGCM01)Open Research Fund Program of the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center(No.E01Z790201/2021kf07)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Nos.20JR10RA271,21JR7RA317)Young Scholars Science Foundationof Lanzhou Jiaotong University(No.2019003)“Young Scientific and Technological Talents Lifting Project”Project of GansuProvince in 2020(Li Wei)“Tianyou Youth Lifting Project”Program of Lanzhou Jiaotong University(Li Wei)Innovation andEntrepreneurship Education Reform and Cultivation Project in Gansu Province(No.1A50190117)Teaching and Research Project ofHexi University(No.HXXYJY-2019-27)Higher Education Teaching Achievement Cultivation Project in Gansu Province:Reformand Application of Practical Teaching System of“Engineering Measurement”Course under the Background of New Engineering。
文摘In the current era of digital surveying and mapping to intelligent surveying and mapping,ubiquitous surveying and mapping has brought many opportunities and challenges to college engineering course teaching.With the development of ubiquitous surveying and mapping,college engineering practice courses urgently need to respond to ubiquitous surveying and mapping.The research aims to integrate the development of ubiquitous surveying and mapping into the teaching of engineering practice courses in colleges,including promoting Android,Brower/Server(B/S),and Client/Server(C/S)to build a platform for practice courses.This also incorporates real development cases in measurement data processing such as gravity field refinement.In this way,the teaching level of engineering practice courses in colleges can be improved,and new ideas can be put forward for cultivating surveying and mapping talents in the new era in colleges.Finally,it can also provide new ideas for the organization of surveying and mapping practice courses under the background of the pandemic.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61872256 and 62102205)Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021B0101400002)+1 种基金Peng Cheng Laboratory Key Research Project,China(No.PCL 2021A07)Multi-source Cross-platform Video Analysis and Understanding for Intelligent Perception in Smart City,China(No.U20B2052).
文摘With the urgent demand for generalized deep models,many pre-trained big models are proposed,such as bidirectional encoder representations(BERT),vision transformer(ViT),generative pre-trained transformers(GPT),etc.Inspired by the success of these models in single domains(like computer vision and natural language processing),the multi-modal pre-trained big models have also drawn more and more attention in recent years.In this work,we give a comprehensive survey of these models and hope this paper could provide new insights and helps fresh researchers to track the most cutting-edge works.Specifically,we firstly introduce the background of multi-modal pre-training by reviewing the conventional deep learning,pre-training works in natural language process,computer vision,and speech.Then,we introduce the task definition,key challenges,and advantages of multi-modal pre-training models(MM-PTMs),and discuss the MM-PTMs with a focus on data,objectives,network architectures,and knowledge enhanced pre-training.After that,we introduce the downstream tasks used for the validation of large-scale MM-PTMs,including generative,classification,and regression tasks.We also give visualization and analysis of the model parameters and results on representative downstream tasks.Finally,we point out possible research directions for this topic that may benefit future works.In addition,we maintain a continuously updated paper list for large-scale pre-trained multi-modal big models:https://github.com/wangxiao5791509/MultiModal_BigModels_Survey.
基金the Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control,the Ministry of the Agriculture/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Safe-Product Open Fund Project(Grant No.17nybcdgj-2).
文摘This study investigated the stabilization of heavy metals by adding modified fly ash(FA)to contaminated soils,and two similar materials,NaOH-zeolite(ZE)and natural zeolite(ZO)were introduced into the soils for comparison.Column leaching tests were conducted to analyze the difference of stabilization effects between the three materials.Leaching columns were run for 6 months,and a considerable stabilization of heavy metals in the soils was observed.The concentration of cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)in the amended soil substantially decreased(p<0.05).The results indicated that after 11 weeks of column leaching,Cd and Pb concentrations in the soil leachate decreased to below the detection limit due to amendment stabilization.Among the three amendments,the ZE amendment showed the optimum capacity for heavy metal immobilisation in the soils.In addition,after 6 months of leaching,Pb and Cd concentrations in the soils with the three different amendments decreased to various degrees.The amendments of modified FA and ZE were better than those of natural ZO.Coal FA,after modification,is a useful amendment for the remediation of heavy metals in the contaminated soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC, No. 21174029)the Industry Academia Cooperation Innovation Fund of Jiangsu Province(No.BY201412707)+1 种基金the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 2242016K41020)
文摘Assembled protein-based substances are emerging and promising classes of materials that provide unique properties for various applications in biotechnology and nanotechnolegy. Self-assembly is an effective way to immobilize protein. In this study, DNAs-conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA) assembled into fibers via DNA hybridization is demonstrated. The morphology of fibers was observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the assembly mechanism was then analysed and discussed. BSA molecules were first linked by DNA molecule and formed linear chains. These chains then were parallelly linked through additional DNA hybridization. Finally, several BSA chains further assembled into fibers by layering lamellae in a parallel manner. This work perhaps will provide a guide to the immobilization of enzyme, which could be applied to increase its catalytic efficiency in biomedicine and nanotechnology.