Reproductive characteristics of Psilorhynchus homaloptera Hora and Mukerji,1935 (Cyprinidae: Psilorhynchidae) in the lower Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet

Psilorhynchus homaloptera mainly inhabits turbulent waters in the lower reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River,Tibet,China,and it is the only species of Psilorhynchus in China.However,many important aspects of its biology remain poorly documented,which hinders the conservation eff orts.Therefore,we studied its reproduction using 801 specimens from the Motuo sector of the lower Yarlung Zangbo River from December 2015 to November 2016.The sex ratio was 0.68꞉1(male꞉female)for the overall population.Females reached a larger total length and weight(134 mm and 18.6 g)than males did(113 mm and 12.2 g).Lengths at maturity were estimated 80.0 mm for males and 93.1 mm for females.Our analyses of gonad development and the size distribution of oocytes suggest that P.homaloptera is a single spawner with the peak spawning period between September and October.Furthermore,the estimated mean absolute fecundity was 557±204 eggs per fish,and mean relative fecundity was 50.9±10.9 eggs per g of female weight.The fecundity of P.homaloptera increased linearly with increasing total length,total weight,ovary weight,and age.This study on the reproductive biology of P.homaloptera demonstrates that the fish was in a vulnerable state due to the increasing anthropogenic activities in the lower Yarlung Zangbo River.

Colletodiphenol A,a new phenol derivative isolated from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum capsici

A new C_(6)-C_(2)dimer phenol derivative,colletodiphenol A(1),along with two known C_(6)-C_(2)phenol derivatives(2,3)were isolated from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum capsici related to the traditional Chinese medicine Paeonia lactiflora.Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis,including HRESIMS,UV,IR,1D and 2D NMR.The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated,but none of them displayed significant activity.

中国内陆水体鱼类多样性监测专项网的监测和研究进展

内陆水体鱼类多样性监测专项网(简称鱼类监测网)是我国建立的第一个全国范围的内陆水体鱼类多样性监测网络。本文阐述了鱼类监测网的监测工作和研究进展,提出了对鱼类多样性监测和研究工作的展望和建议。鱼类监测网在长江、黄河、澜沧江、怒江、塔里木河、青海湖、黑龙江和珠江等八大水系开展了鱼类早期资源、个体生物学、种群和群落的监测和研究,建立了我国第一个全国性的内陆鱼类多样性数据库,收集和保藏鱼类样本上万尾和重要流域1997-2022年的鱼类多样性数据。主要研究结果显示,过度捕捞、水利水电工程建设和外来物种入侵等导致重要流域鱼类群落结构发生了稳态变化;中华鲟(Acipensersinensis)繁殖主要受到水温和流量的影响,长江干流大型水利水电工程造成下泄水温滞后和流量减小,严重影响中华鲟的繁殖活动,导致其野生种群数量急剧减少,物种极度濒危;长江四大家鱼呈现2000年前后减少,近期资源增加的格局,水温和流量日变化是影响四大家鱼繁殖的主要环境因素,放流亲鱼对四大家鱼资源恢复有重要作用;获得了圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)、长鳍吻鮈(Rhinogobio ventralis)、岩原鲤(Procypris rabaudi)等11种特有鱼类的生长、食性、繁殖特征等基础生物学数据。监测网的监测数据和研究结果为三峡工程生态影响评估、长江十年禁渔、赤水河生态环境保护、中华鲟物种保护等重要国家任务的完成和政策制定提供了数据基础和科学依据。为了完善全国性的监测网络建设,建议加大投入,建设观测台站;推动数据共享和区域合作;开展新技术、新方法的研究和应用。

Remediation performance and mechanisms of Cu and Cd contaminated water and soil using Mn/Al-layered double oxide-loaded biochar

The combined pollution of heavy metals is ubiquitous worldwide.Mn/Al-layered double oxide-loaded crab shells biochar (LDO/BC) was prepared,so as to remediate the combined pollution of Cd and Cu in soil and water.The pristine and used LDO/BC were characterized and the results revealed that the layered double oxide was successfully loaded on crab shells biochar (BC) and metal element Ca in crab shells was beneficial to the formation of more regular layered and flake structure.The maximal adsorption capacity (Qm) of LDO/BC for aqueous Cu^(2+)and Cd^(2+)was 66.23 and 73.47 mg/g,respectively.LDO/BC and BC were used to remediate e-waste-contaminated soil for the first time and exhibited highly efficient performance.The extraction amount of Cu and Cd in the contaminated soil by diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) after treating with 5% LDO/BC was significantly reduced from 819.84 to 205.95 mg/kg (with passivation rate 74.8%) and 8.46 to 4.16 mg/kg(with passivation rate 50.8%),respectively,inferring that the bioavailability of heavy metals declined remarkably.The experimental result also suggested that after remediation by LDO/BC the exchangeable and weak acid soluble Cu and Cd in soil translated to reducible,residual and oxidizable fraction which are more stable state.Precipitation,complexation and ion exchange were proposed as the possible mechanisms for Cd and Cu removal.In general,these experiment results indicate that LDO/BC can be a potentially effective reagent for remediation of heavy metal contaminated water and soil.

面向高稳定的光纤和生物相容性细胞平台的柔性荧光金属有机框架

荧光金属有机框架(FMOF)是一种很有前途的光电和生物应用材料,然而,一些主要缺点限制了它们在这些领域的广泛应用.首先,FMOF晶体难以用来构建柔性的自支撑平台.此外,这些材料对外部刺激表现出较低的光学稳定性,并且用于合成它们的金属离子通常有毒.基于此,我们开发了一种同轴微流控纺丝方法,实现了一步大规模连续制备核-壳FMOF微纤维.获得的自支撑FMOF基超细纤维具有85.6 MPa的高抗拉强度,是MOF复合材料中的最高强度值.此外,还证明了用该微流控方法生成的交联水凝胶壳可以有效地提高位于微纤维核心的FMOF晶体的光学稳定性,对抗可能会损坏FMOF的化学物质(如金属离子、酸、碱)以及热.最重要的是,由于水凝胶外壳的生物相容性和微纤维核心的固有荧光,基于FMOF的超细纤维具有较高的细胞活力(约96.6%)和多种细胞外荧光成像能力.因此,本文报道的基于柔性FMOF微纤维为设计光学和生物医学应用的新概念和材料组件提供了一个先进的平台.

微流控反应器中连续流动合成掺杂型全无机钙钛矿纳米晶及其在发光二极管中的应用

全无机钙钛矿纳米晶具有发射光谱窄、发光量子效率高和发光波长可调等优点,在光电子材料和器件领域具有广阔的应用前景.离子掺杂可以调节其原始的晶体结构和发光性能,或者赋予其额外的功能.本文设计了一种基于连续流动反应制备Ce3+掺杂的全无机钙钛矿纳米晶的微流控反应器.流动合成Ce3+掺杂全无机钙钛矿纳米晶的机理是前驱体离子在限域微通道中的有效物理混合、晶种在不良溶剂中的反应成核以及全无机钙钛矿纳米晶沿着流动方向的晶体生长.利用光纤式吸收光谱仪和光纤式荧光光谱仪可以对合成过程进行在线监测.通过改变微流控反应器的流动参数,可以便捷地控制Ce3+的掺杂浓度,最高可达1%.Ce3+掺杂可以提高全无机钙钛矿纳米晶的光致发光效率和稳定性.Ce3+掺杂的CsPbBr3全无机钙钛矿纳米晶可用于制造色纯度高达93.3%的绿色发光二极管,以及色温为10,436 K、CIE色坐标为(0.261,0.317)、显色指数(CRI)为72.1的白色发光二极管.微流控反应器连续可控合成全无机钙钛矿纳米晶为高性能光电材料和器件的应用开辟了新途径.

窄能隙吸光型共轭聚苯并二噻唑:大规模界面合成及其强太阳能光热蒸发和温差发电性能

为了实现低能耗太阳能蒸发和纯净水富集,开发先进的吸光型共轭聚合物是非常重要的.本研究通过界面化学大规模合成了共轭聚苯并二噻唑微球,其带隙窄至0.274 eV,太阳光吸收率高达94.0%.由聚苯并二噻唑微球与聚乙烯醇水凝胶可组装成Janus型蒸发器.当聚苯并二噻唑微球涂布量为5 mg cm^(-2)时,自支撑Janus型太阳能蒸发器的蒸发速率和能量效率分别达到2.96 kg m^(-2) h^(-1)和98.8%.Janus型蒸发器对模拟海水、污水和酸/碱性溶液具有强效脱盐和净化性能.装配了Janus型蒸发器的便携式太阳能净水装置可将真实海水淡化至远高于饮用水标准,并将真实污水的化学需氧量净化至极低水平.Janus型蒸发器还可与温差发电模块相结合,以实现水电联产.在1个标准太阳光照下,真实海水的蒸发率和发电输出功率分别达到2.23 kg m^(-2) h^(-1)和1.04 W m^(-2),展现了优越的太阳能利用能力.