Multi-beam and seismic investigations of the active Haima cold seeps,northwestern South China Sea

To confirm the seabed fluid flow at the Haima cold seeps,an integrated study of multi-beam and seismic data reveals the morphology and fate of four bubble plumes and investigates the detailed subsurface structure of the active seepage area.The shapes of bubble plumes are not constant and influenced by the northeastward bottom currents,but the water depth where these bubble plumes disappear(630–650 m below the sea level)(mbsl)is very close to the upper limit of the gas hydrate stability zone in the water column(620 m below the sea level),as calculated from the CTD data within the study area,supporting the“hydrate skin”hypothesis.Gas chimneys directly below the bottom simulating reflectors,found at most sites,are speculated as essential pathways for both thermogenic gas and biogenic gas migrating from deep formations to the gas hydrate stability zone.The fracture network on the top of the basement uplift may be heavily gas-charged,which accounts for the chimney with several kilometers in diameter(beneath Plumes B and C).The much smaller gas chimney(beneath Plume D)may stem from gas saturated localized strong permeability zone.High-resolution seismic profiles reveal pipe-like structures,characterized by stacked localized amplitude anomalies,just beneath all the plumes,which act as the fluid conduits conveying gas from the gas hydrate-bearing sediments to the seafloor,feeding the gas plumes.The differences between these pipe-like structures indicate the dynamic process of gas seepage,which may be controlled by the build-up and dissipation of pore pressure.The 3D seismic data show high saturated gas hydrates with high RMS amplitude tend to cluster on the periphery of the gas chimney.Understanding the fluid migration and hydrate accumulation pattern of the Haima cold seeps can aid in the further exploration and study on the dynamic gas hydrate system in the South China Sea.

Docking protein 6 (DOK6) selectively docks the neurotrophic signaling transduction to restrain peripheral neuropathy

The appropriate and specific response of nerve cells to various external cues is essential for the establishment and maintenance of neural circuits,and this process requires the proper recruitment of adaptor molecules to selectively activate downstream pathways.Here,we identified that DOK6,a member of the Dok(downstream of tyrosine kinases)family,is required for the maintenance of peripheral axons,and that loss of Dok6 can cause typical peripheral neuropathy symptoms in mice,manifested as impaired sensory,abnormal posture,paw deformities,blocked nerve conduction,and dysmyelination.Furthermore,Dok6 is highly expressed in peripheral neurons but not in Schwann cells,and genetic deletion of Dok6 in peripheral neurons led to typical peripheral myelin outfolding,axon destruction,and hindered retrograde axonal transport.Specifically,DOK6 acts as an adaptor protein for selectivitymediated neurotrophic signal transduction and retrograde transport for TrkC and Ret but not for TrkA and TrkB.DOK6 interacts with certain proteins in the trafficking machinery and controls their phosphorylation,including MAP1B,Tau and Dynein for axonal transport,and specifically activates the downstream ERK1/2 kinase pathway to maintain axonal survival and homeostasis.This finding provides new clues to potential insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of hereditary peripheral neuropathies and other degenerative diseases.

Carbon nanotubes decorated FeNi/nitrogen-doped carbon composites for lightweight and broadband electromagnetic wave absorption

Magnetic-dielectric component modulation and heterogeneous interface engineering were considered as an effective strategy for designing lightweight and broadband electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbors.Herein,a series of carbon nanotubes(CNTs)decorated core-shell nitrogen-doped carbon(CNTs/FeNi/NC)composites were successfully fabricated via the carbonization of CNTs/NiFe_(2)O_(4)/PDA precursors obtained by hydrothermal and polymerization method.The EMW absorption(EMWA)properties of CNTs/FeNi/NC composites were explored by varying the CNTs content.When the CNTs content was 15%,the minimum reflection loss(RL_(min))value was-51.13 dB at 9.52 GHz and the corresponding effective absorption band-width(EAB)value was 2.96 GHz(8.96-11.12 GHz)at 2.5 mm.Particularly,the maximum EAB value can reach up to 4.64 GHz(12.80-17.44 GHz)at 1.7 mm.The excellent EMW attenuation capability resulted from the enhanced conductive loss,polarization loss,magnetic loss,and improved impedance matching.This work offers a novel reference for designing lightweight and broadband EMWA materials.

1D/2D CoTe_(2)@MoS_(2)composites constructed by CoTe_(2)nanorods and MoS_(2)nanosheets for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption

Rational design of the components and microstructure is regarded as an efficacious strategy for the high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing(EMWA)materials.Herein,the CoTe_(2)@MoS_(2)nanocomposites with CoTe_(2)nanorods and MoS_(2)nanosheets were synthesized via a hydrothermal method.The microstructure and composition of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The CoTe_(2)@MoS_(2)composite was composed of stacked CoTe_(2)as the core and intertwined MoS_(2)nanosheets as the shell.The electromagnetic parameters of the CoTe_(2)@MoS_(2)composites were investigated by vector network analyzer(VNA).The EMWA property of the composite showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increasing content of MoS_(2).When the mass ratio of MoS_(2)and CoTe_(2)was 1:1,the CoTe_(2)@MoS_(2)composite exhibited the minimum reflection loss value of-68.10 dB at 4.71 GHz,and the effective absorption bandwidth value might reach 4.64 GHz(13.08-17.72 GHz)at a matching thickness of 1.60 mm with filler loading of 50 wt.%.The extraordinary EMWA property was attributed to the optimized impedance matching,multiple scattering and reflections,dipole polarization,conductive loss,and interfacial polarization.Therefore,the present approach to the design of microstructure and interface engineering offers a crucial way to construct high-performance EMW absorbers.

Generating a reporter mouse line marking medium spiny neurons in the developing striatum driven by Arpp21 cis-regulatory elements

The striatum, as the primary input nucleus in the basal ganglion,plays an important role in neural circuits crucial for the control of critical motivation, motor planning and procedural learning(Kreitzer and Malenka, 2008). Most cells in the striatum are GABAergic, including a large population (90%-95%) of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and a small population of interneurons.