Metal Corrosion Rate Prediction of Small Samples Using an Ensemble Technique

Accurate prediction of the internal corrosion rates of oil and gas pipelines could be an effective way to prevent pipeline leaks.In this study,a proposed framework for predicting corrosion rates under a small sample of metal corrosion data in the laboratory was developed to provide a new perspective on how to solve the problem of pipeline corrosion under the condition of insufficient real samples.This approach employed the bagging algorithm to construct a strong learner by integrating several KNN learners.A total of 99 data were collected and split into training and test set with a 9:1 ratio.The training set was used to obtain the best hyperparameters by 10-fold cross-validation and grid search,and the test set was used to determine the performance of the model.The results showed that theMean Absolute Error(MAE)of this framework is 28.06%of the traditional model and outperforms other ensemblemethods.Therefore,the proposed framework is suitable formetal corrosion prediction under small sample conditions.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of the effects of Zhenwu decoction on kidney yang deficiency pattern in chronic kidney disease

Objective:To explore the kidney yang deficiency pattern(KYDP)in a chronic kidney disease(CKD)rat model and the mechanisms underlying the effects of Zhenwu decoction(ZWD)by conducting tran-scriptomic and metabolomic analyses.Methods:Adriamycin(ADR)combined with hydrocortisone(HC)was used to induce CKD with KYDP in rats.ADR was injected into the tail vein twice.HC was injected intramuscularly for 8 weeks.ZWD was administered by gavage for 8 weeks.The general condition was observed,24-h urine protein was detected,serum corticosterone,triiodothyronine,thyroxine,TSH,testosterone,cAMP,and cGMP levels were determined,and pathological analysis was conducted.Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to screen differentially expressed genes(DEGs),differentially expressed metabolites(DEMs),and differentially expressed pathways(DEPs).The core DEMs and DEGs were input to Metab-oanalyst 5.0 to identify the pathways affected by ZWD.Results:In the HC group,KYDP symptoms were observed.Compared with control group,the levels of 24-h urine protein,TSH,and cGMP significantly increased(all P<0.01),and corticosterone,triiodothyronine,thyroxine,and cAMP significantly decreased(all P<0.01)in the HC group.After ZWD intervention,the levels of above-mentioned indicators could be reversed to some extent.Pathological analysis in the HC group revealed kidney lesions.DEGs in the ZWD group were mainly associated with pathways such as nucleotide synthesis and endocrine pathways.In the ZWD group,differences in biosynthesis of unsat-urated fatty acids and butanoate metabolism were observed.The following pathways were significantly affected by ZWD:arachidonic acid metabolism,valine,leucine,and isoleucine biosynthesis,linoleic acid metabolism,and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism.Conclusion:ZWD can be used to treat KYDP in CKD through regulating arachidonic acid metabolism,valine,leucine,and isoleucine biosynthesis,linoleic acid metabolism,and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism.

Variation in water supply leads to different responses of tree growth to warming

Background:Global climate change,characterized by changes in precipitation,prolonged growing seasons,and warming-induced water deficits,is putting increased pressure on forest ecosystems globally.Understanding the impact of climate change on drought-prone forests is a key objective in assessing forest responses to climate change.Methods:In this study,we assessed tree growth trends and changes in physiological activity under climate change based on measurements of tree ring and stable isotopes.Additionally,structural equation models were used to identify the climate drivers influencing tree growth for the period 1957–2016.Results:We found that the mean basal area increment decreased first and then increased,while the water use efficiency showed a steady increase.The effects of climate warming on tree growth switched from negative to positive in the period 1957–2016.Adequate water supply,especially snowmelt water available in the early critical period,combined with an earlier arrival of the growing season,allowed to be the key to the reversal of the effects of warming on temperature forests.The analysis of structural equation models(SEM)also demonstrated that the growth response of Pinus tabuliformis to the observed temperature increase was closely related to the increase in water availability.Conclusions:Our study indicates that warming is not the direct cause of forest decline,but does indeed exacerbate droughts,which generally cause forest declines.Water availability at the beginning of the growing season might be critical in the adaptation to rising temperatures in Asia.Temperate forests may be better able to withstand rising temperatures if they have sufficient water,with boosted growth even possible during periods of rising temperatures,thus forming stronger carbon sinks.

Tangshenping granule inhibits pyroptosis in a rat model of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy via the NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD pathway

Objective: To explore the inhibitory effect of Tangshenping(TSP) on pyroptosis in a streptozotocininduced diabetic nephropathy(DN) rat model.Methods: DN was established in Spraguee Dawley rats. Rats were randomly divided into DN(model group), irbesartan, and TSP low-, medium-, and high-dose groups, besides the control group. The 24 h albuminuria content, and serum content of TC, TGs, Scr, IL-1 b, UREA, LDLs, and IL-18 were assessed.Hematoxylin & eosin and Mallory staining were performed to examine pathological changes in the kidney. The mRNA and protein expression of NLRP3, caspase 1, and GSDMD in the kidney were also examined.Results: The 24 h albuminuria content was obviously lower in the treatment groups compared to the model group(all P <.01). Levels of TC, TGs, Scr, UREA, LDLs, and IL-18 after drug interventions were obviously lower compared to the model group(all P <.05). The serum content of IL-1 b in the TSP medium-and high-dose groups were much lower compared to the model group(P =.013 and P=.001,respectively). Through immunohistochemistry and western blotting, we observed that the protein expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1 b, and IL-18 were lower after drug interventions compared to the model group(all P <.05). Using qPCR, we observed that the mRNA expressions of caspase-1, IL-1 b, IL-18, and GSDMD after drug interventions were significantly lower compared to the model group(all P <.05). The m RNA expressions of NLRP3 in the TSP medium-and high-dose groups were both lower compared to the model group(all P <.05).Conclusion: TSP downregulated mRNA and protein expressions of NLRP3, caspase-1, and GSDMD. Our findings demonstrate that the beneficial effects of TSP on renal function are at least partly mediated by the inhibition of micro-inflammation and modulation of the expression of pyroptosis-related factors.

斑马鱼神经底板处神经元的分布及特征

神经底板(floor plate,FP)位于神经管腹侧中线区,存在多种神经细胞类型,是调控神经管分化及维持体轴生长的重要信号中心。目前,对神经底板处神经元细胞的类型及分布研究并不深入。本研究以斑马鱼(Danio rerio)为模式动物,结合多种神经细胞的转基因品系,分析了斑马鱼幼鱼中神经底板细胞群的排列图式。研究发现,foxj1a、sox2、clusterin和gfap等多个基因在内侧中央底板(medial floor plate,MFP)单排细胞中表达。Kolmer-Agduhr神经元KAʼ与KA”又称为脑脊液接触神经元,定位在MFP附近,其中KA”神经元表达foxj1a和pkd2l1基因,与表达Gfap蛋白、Olig2蛋白或Sox2蛋白的阳性细胞间隔性插入MFP细胞腹侧间隙中。KAʼ神经元位于KA”背侧,表达foxj1a、pkd2l1和olig2基因,并与Sox2^(+)或Olig2^(+)阳性细胞间隔分布于MFP细胞胞体的两侧。药物处理实验结果表明:抑制Notch信号影响神经底板的发育,导致神经底板细胞排布异常,并引起幼鱼出现体轴上弯表型。本研究初步阐释了斑马鱼幼鱼早期神经底板处各种细胞类型的分布及定位特征,发现Notch信号对神经底板发育的重要调控作用。

Helium-hydrogen synergistic effects on swelling in in-situ multiple-ion beams irradiated steels

The development of reliable fusion energy is one of the most important challenges in this century.The accelerated degradation of structural materials in fusion reactors caused by neutron irradiation would cause severe problems.Due to the lack of suitable fusion neutron testing facilities,we have to rely on ion irradiation experiments to test candidate materials in fusion reactors.Moreover,fusion neutron irradiation effects are accompanied by the simultaneous transmutation production of helium and hydrogen.One important method to study the He-H synergistic effects in materials is multiple simultaneous ion beams(MSIB)irradiation that has been studied for decades.To date,there is no convincing conclusion on these He-H synergistic effects among these experiments.Recently,a multiple ion beam in-situ transmission electron microscopy(TEM)analysis facility was developed in Xiamen University(XIAMEN facility),which is the first triple beam system and the only in-running in-situ irradiation facility with TEM in China.In this work,we conducted the first high-temperature triple simultaneous ion beams irradiation experiment with TEM observation using the XIAMEN facility.The responses to in-situ triple-ion beams irradiation in austenitic steel 304L SS and ferritic/martensitic steel CLF-1 were studied and compared with the results in dual-and single-ion beam(s)irradiated steels.Synergistic effects were observed in MSIB irradiated steels.Helium was found to be critical for cavity formation,while hydrogen has strong synergistic effect on increasing swelling.

48800DWT化学品/成品油船货油舱MarineLine油漆热固化的施工实践

48800DWT化学品/成品油轮系列船的货油舱使用MarineLine涂料,针对最后有一道关键的热固化工序,通过对涂料、加热源气体性能的研究,并分析不同环境湿度的施工数据,总结施工前应具备的条件和施工流程,以求后续船可以最大限度缩短周期。

Bayesian Optimized LightGBM model for predicting the fundamental vibrational period of masonry infilled RC frames

The precise prediction of the fundamental vibrational period for reinforced concrete(RC)buildings with infilled walls is essential for structural design,especially earthquake-resistant design.Machine learning models from previous studies,while boasting commendable accuracy in predicting the fundamental period,exhibit vulnerabilities due to lengthy training times and inherent dependence on pre-trained models,especially when engaging with continually evolving data sets.This predicament emphasizes the necessity for a model that adeptly balances predictive accuracy with robust adaptability and swift data training.The latter should include consistent re-training ability as demanded by realtime,continuously updated data sets.This research implements an optimized Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM)model,highlighting its augmented predictive capabilities,realized through the astute use of Bayesian Optimization for hyperparameter tuning on the FP4026 research data set,and illuminating its adaptability and efficiency in predictive modeling.The results show that the R^(2) score of LightGBM model is 0.9995 and RMSE is 0.0178,while training speed is 23.2 times faster than that offered by XGBoost and 45.5 times faster than for Gradient Boosting.Furthermore,this study introduces a practical application through a streamlit-powered,web-based dashboard,enabling engineers to effortlessly utilize and augment the model,contributing data and ensuring precise fundamental period predictions,effectively bridging scholarly research and practical applications.

郫县豆瓣发酵过程的微生物多样性及溯源分析

【目的】解析郫县豆瓣及其酿造半成品-蚕豆醅与辣椒醅微生物多样性和来源,探究郫县豆瓣酿造过程风味化合物特征。【方法】采用高通量测序法测定蚕豆醅、辣椒醅与混合醅(蚕豆醅-辣椒醅混合物,发酵成熟形成郫县豆瓣)在酿造过程中的微生物群落结构;利用高效气相质谱与高效液相色谱高通量检测蚕豆醅及辣椒醅中基础理化指标及挥发性、非挥发性风味化合物浓度;利用多种生物信息学分析方法对混合醅酿造微生物及风味化合物进行溯源。【结果】微生物方面:44%–59%的混合醅细菌来源于辣椒醅,5%–22%的混合醅细菌来源于蚕豆醅,其他混合醅细菌来源未知。同时,42%–77%的混合醅真菌来源于辣椒醅,2%–18%的混合醅真菌来源于蚕豆醅,其他混合醅真菌来源未知。另外,16个细菌属由辣椒醅特异性贡献;2个细菌属及2个真菌属由蚕豆醅特异性贡献。化合物方面:1-辛烯-3醇(1-octen-3-ol)、苯乙醛(phenylacetaldehyde)、异丁醛(isobutyraldehyde)、苹果酸(malic acid)与糠醛(furfural)仅由蚕豆醅贡献。辣椒素(capsaicin)、3-甲基-1-丁醇(3-methyl-1-butanol)、已醇(hexanol)与异丁醇(isobutanol)仅由辣椒醅贡献。【结论】郫县豆瓣发酵中大部分微生物来源于辣椒醅,大部分发酵底物(氨基酸及葡萄糖)来源于蚕豆醅。两种发酵半成品均特异性贡献微生物及风味化合物,形成郫县豆瓣的独特风味密码。

Bio-inspired, bio-degradable adenosine 5′ -diphosphate-modified hyaluronic acid coordinated hydrophobic undecanal-modified chitosan for hemostasis and wound healing

Uncontrolled hemorrhage and wound infection are crucial causes of trauma-associated death in both the military and the clinic. Therefore, developing an efficient and rapid hemostatic method with biocompatibility, easy degradation, and wound healing is of great importance and desirability. Inspired by spontaneous blood cell plug formation in the hemostasis process, an adenosine 5′-diphosphate modified pro-coagulation hyaluronic acid (HA-ADP) coordinated with enhanced antibacterial activity of undecanal-modified chitosan (UCS) was fabricated through physical electrostatic cross-linking and freeze-drying. The as-prepared hydrogel sponges showed a porous structure suitable for blood cell adhesion. In particular, the hydrogel exhibited excellent antibacterial ability and promoted the adhesion of platelets and red blood cells, thus inducing a prominent pro-coagulation ability via platelet activation, which exhibits a shorter hemostasis time (58.94% of control) in vitro. Compared with commercially available CELOX and gelatin sponge (GS), HA-ADP/UCS accelerates hemostasis and reduces blood loss in both rat tail amputation and rat artery injury models. Furthermore, all the samples exhibited su-perior cytocompatibility and biodegradability. Due to these performances, HA-ADP/UCS promoted full-thickness skin defect healing significantly in vivo. All the properties of HA-ADP/UCS suggest that it has great potential for translation as a clinical application material for hemostatic and wound healing.

Fabrication and catalytic performance of meso-ZSM-5 zeolite encapsulated ferric oxide nanoparticles for phenol hydroxylation

An encapsulation-structured Fe_(2)O_(3)@mesoZSM-5(Fe@MZ5)was fabricated by confining Fe_(2)O_(3) nanoparticles(ca.4 nm)within the ordered mesopores of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite(meso-ZSM-5),with ferric oleate and amphiphilic organosilane as the iron source and meso-porogen,respectively.For comparison,catalysts with Fe_(2)O_(3)(ca.12 nm)encapsulated in intra-crystal holes of meso-ZSM-5 and with MCM-41 or ZSM-5 phase as the shell were also prepared via sequential desilication and recrystallization at different pH values and temperatures.Catalytic phenol hydroxylation performance of the as-prepared catalysts using H_(2)O_(2) as oxidant was compared.Among the encapsulation-structured catalysts,Fe@MZ5 showed the highest phenol conversion and hydroquinone selectivity,which were enhanced by two times compared to the Fe-oxide impregnated ZSM-5(Fe/Z5).Moreover,the Fe-leaching amount of Fe@MZ5 was only 3% of that for Fe/Z5.The influence of reaction parameters,reusability,and ·OH scavenging ability of the catalysts were also investigated.Based on the above results,the structure-performance relationship of these new catalysts was preliminarily described.

Effects of forest cover type and ratio changes on runoff and its components

Changes in forest cover can affect not only the total runoff from a watershed,but also the runoff components(e.g.,surface runoff,interflow,groundwater flow).In this study,based on the WetSpa model simulation method and the recursive digital filtering(RDF)method,the Banchengzi watershed in the mountainous region of Beijing,China,was selected to investigate how changes in forest cover type and cover percentage affect total runoff,surface runoff,interflow,and groundwater flow through scenario settings.Our results show that the difference between the WetSpa model and the RDF method for separating runoff components is small,with only 4.7%and 0.4%difference between the calibration and validation periods.Total runoff in different forest types followed the order shrub forest>coniferous forest>mixed forest>broadleaf forest.Regarding runoff components,the proportions of baseflow(sum of interflow and groundwater flow)to total runoff were 61.1%and 60.8%for broadleaf and mixed forests,which was significantly higher than those of 53.0%and 43.1%for coniferous and shrub forests.However,the proportion of shrub forest baseflow was high in wet years,and that of broadleaf forest baseflow was high in normal and dry years.The proportions of interflow and groundwater flow from various forest cover types to total runoff continued to increase with increasing forest cover rate.Our results have important implications for the implementation of afforestation projects and forest conservation programs,contributing to water resource regulation and ecosystem protection in watersheds.

Preparation of multigradient hydroxyapatite scaffolds and evaluation of their osteoinduction properties

Porous hydroxyapatite(HA)scaffolds are often used as bone repair materials,owing to their good biocompatibility,osteoconductivity and low cost.Vascularization and osteoinductivity of porous HA scaffolds were limited in clinical application,and these disadvantages were need to be improved urgently.We used water-in-oil gelation and pore former methods to prepare HA spheres and a porous cylindrical HA container,respectively.The prepared HA spheres were filled in container to assemble into composite scaffold.By adjusting the solid content of the slurry(solid mixture of chitin sol and HA powder)and the sintering temperature,the porosity and crystallinity of the HA spheres could be significantly improved;and mineralization of the HA spheres significantly improved the biological activity of the composite scaffold.The multigradient(porosity,crystallinity and mineralization)scaffold(HA-700)filled with the mineralized HA spheres exhibited a lower compressive strength;however,in vivo results showed that their vascularization ability were higher than those of other groups,and their osteogenic Gini index(Go:an index of bone mass,and inversely proportional to bone mass)showed a continuous decrease with the implantation time.This study provides a new method to improve porous HA scaffolds and meet the demands of bone tissue engineering applications.

Application of three-dimensional printed navigation templates to correct lower limb deformities in children by the guided growth technique

Objective Currently,individualized navigation templates are rarely applied in pediatric orthopedic surgery.This study aimed to explore the potential of navigation templates obtained using computer-aided design and three-dimensional(3D)printing to correct lower limb deformities in children by the guided growth technique.Methods We prospectively studied 45 children with leg length discrepancy(LLD)or lower limb angular deformities,who underwent guided growth surgery involving 8-plate.In total,21 and 24 children were included in the navigation template(group A)group and in the traditional surgery(group B)group,respectively.Mimics software was used for designing and printing navigation templates.The operation time,X-ray radiation exposure,damage to cartilage,and postoperative complications were recorded.Results The mean operation time in groups A and B were 20.78 and 28.39 min,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant.Compared with group B,the intraoperative exposure of X-rays in group A was reduced by 25%on average.After 9-24 months of follow-up,the deformities were corrected in both groups.No significant differences in the treatment effect were noted between the groups,and no complications occurred.Conclusions Using the individualized navigation template in the guided growth technique made the surgical procedure convenient and simple to perform.In addition,the operation time and intraoperative exposure to X-rays were reduced.We consider that 3D printed navigation templates can facilitate the accurate completion of corrective surgeries for lower limb deformities in children,which is worthy of promotion and application.