[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the influence of light and temperature factors on biomass accumulation of winter wheat at each growth stage and changes in biomass of each organ. [Method] Based on the observatio...[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the influence of light and temperature factors on biomass accumulation of winter wheat at each growth stage and changes in biomass of each organ. [Method] Based on the observation data from Xifeng Agrometeorological Experiment Station of Gansu Province, including phenophase and yield factors of winter wheat in 1981 -2008, biomass at three-leaves, overwintering, jointing, heading, milky maturity, and maturity stages in 1995 -2008, and meteorological data in 1995 -2008, the variation patterns of the biomass accumulation and the influence of TEP （thermal effectiveness photosynthetically active radiation） on the biomass of winter wheat at every growth stage were ana- lyzed. [Result] The biomass accumulation of winter wheat in the whole growth period presented ＂S＂ curve, with the maximum value from heading to milky maturity stage. Since 1981, TEP from heading to milky maturity stage increased with a rate of 3. 314 MJ/（m2 · a）, and the changing curves of TEP at other stages were like parable curves. TEP from turning green to jointing stage and from milky maturity to maturity stage had a higher value in the 1990s and a lower val.ue in the 1980s and early 21st century, while that from jointing to heading stage had a lower value in the 1990s but a higher value in the 1980s and early 21st century. There was a significant correlation between TEP at each growth stage and the actual yield. LAI （leaf area index） at each development stage also had a significant correlation with the utilization rate of TEP at corresponding stage. When LAI at jointing and heading stages increased by I, the utilization rate of TEP correspondingly increased by 0. 049 and 0.259 g/MJ respectively. [ Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical references for the scientific planting and management of winter wheat in future. Key words Light and temperature factors; Winter wheat; Biomass; Influence; China展开更多
2022年长江流域发生了罕见的夏秋冬连旱.此次干旱是伏秋季降水异常偏少和气温异常偏高叠加形成的复合型干旱,与冬季干旱连在一起的超长事件;其中8月全流域的高温干旱异常特征最为显著.以往关于西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)的异常...2022年长江流域发生了罕见的夏秋冬连旱.此次干旱是伏秋季降水异常偏少和气温异常偏高叠加形成的复合型干旱,与冬季干旱连在一起的超长事件;其中8月全流域的高温干旱异常特征最为显著.以往关于西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)的异常变化对长江流域高温热浪和干旱的影响的相关研究主要侧重于纬向异常这种单一维度的异常,而较少关注其经向、厚度、面积、持续时间的多个维度异常;且单一维度的异常不足以刻画其作为主控环流因子对极端高温干旱事件的影响.为了揭示西太副高的多维度异常特征对此次长江流域重大干旱的影响,本文重点分析了干旱发展过程中西太副高的多个维度异常特征.结果表明,在整个干旱发展过程中,8月西太副高在500 hPa上纬向偏西异常最为显著,无明显的经向异常.覆盖长江流域的面积为历年同期最大.在垂直方向上自低层往高层不断西伸;400~200 h Pa上西太副高与南亚高压位置相互联通,以高压坝的形式覆盖长江流域,西太副高的厚度异常深厚.通过与历史同期8月不同程度干旱年份进行对比分析,结果发现,只有当西太副高的空间异常持续维持,才能造成流域严重的高温干旱.展开更多
The climatic warming and humidification observed in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC) and their impacts on the ecological environment have become an issue of concern. The associated multi-scale characteristics ...The climatic warming and humidification observed in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC) and their impacts on the ecological environment have become an issue of concern. The associated multi-scale characteristics and environmental responses are currently poorly understood. Using data from satellite remote sensing, field observations, and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6, this paper systematically analyzes the process and scale characteristics of the climatic warming and humidification in the ARNC and their impacts on ecological vegetation. The results show that not only have temperature and precipitation increased significantly in the ARNC over the past 60 years, but the increasing trend of precipitation is also obviously intensifying. The dryness index, which comprehensively considers the effects of precipitation and temperature, has clearly decreased, and the trend in humidification has increased. Spatially, the trend of temperature increase has occurred over the entire region, while 93.4% of the region has experienced an increase in precipitation, suggesting a spatially consistent climatic warming and humidification throughout the ARNC. Long-term trends and interannual changes in temperature and precipitation dominate the changes in climatic warming and humidification. Compared to interannual variations in temperature, the trend change of temperature contributes more to the overall temperature change. However, the contribution of interannual variations in precipitation is greater than that of the precipitation trend to the overall precipitation change. The current climatic warming and humidification generally promote the growth of ecological vegetation. Since the 1980 s,82.4% of the regional vegetation has thrived. The vegetation index has a significant positive correlation with precipitation and temperature. However, it responds more significantly to interannual precipitation variation, although the vegetation response varies significantly under different types of land use. The warming and humidification of the climate in the ARNC are probably related to intensifications of the westerly wind circulation and ascending air motions.They are expected to continue in the future, although the strength of the changes will probably be insufficient to significantly change the basic climate pattern in the ARNC. The results of this study provide helpful information for decision making related to China's "Belt and Road" development strategies.展开更多
基金Supported by the Arid Meteorology Foundation of Institute of Arid Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration(IAM200803)
文摘[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the influence of light and temperature factors on biomass accumulation of winter wheat at each growth stage and changes in biomass of each organ. [Method] Based on the observation data from Xifeng Agrometeorological Experiment Station of Gansu Province, including phenophase and yield factors of winter wheat in 1981 -2008, biomass at three-leaves, overwintering, jointing, heading, milky maturity, and maturity stages in 1995 -2008, and meteorological data in 1995 -2008, the variation patterns of the biomass accumulation and the influence of TEP （thermal effectiveness photosynthetically active radiation） on the biomass of winter wheat at every growth stage were ana- lyzed. [Result] The biomass accumulation of winter wheat in the whole growth period presented ＂S＂ curve, with the maximum value from heading to milky maturity stage. Since 1981, TEP from heading to milky maturity stage increased with a rate of 3. 314 MJ/（m2 · a）, and the changing curves of TEP at other stages were like parable curves. TEP from turning green to jointing stage and from milky maturity to maturity stage had a higher value in the 1990s and a lower val.ue in the 1980s and early 21st century, while that from jointing to heading stage had a lower value in the 1990s but a higher value in the 1980s and early 21st century. There was a significant correlation between TEP at each growth stage and the actual yield. LAI （leaf area index） at each development stage also had a significant correlation with the utilization rate of TEP at corresponding stage. When LAI at jointing and heading stages increased by I, the utilization rate of TEP correspondingly increased by 0. 049 and 0.259 g/MJ respectively. [ Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical references for the scientific planting and management of winter wheat in future. Key words Light and temperature factors; Winter wheat; Biomass; Influence; China
文摘2022年长江流域发生了罕见的夏秋冬连旱.此次干旱是伏秋季降水异常偏少和气温异常偏高叠加形成的复合型干旱,与冬季干旱连在一起的超长事件;其中8月全流域的高温干旱异常特征最为显著.以往关于西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)的异常变化对长江流域高温热浪和干旱的影响的相关研究主要侧重于纬向异常这种单一维度的异常,而较少关注其经向、厚度、面积、持续时间的多个维度异常;且单一维度的异常不足以刻画其作为主控环流因子对极端高温干旱事件的影响.为了揭示西太副高的多维度异常特征对此次长江流域重大干旱的影响,本文重点分析了干旱发展过程中西太副高的多个维度异常特征.结果表明,在整个干旱发展过程中,8月西太副高在500 hPa上纬向偏西异常最为显著,无明显的经向异常.覆盖长江流域的面积为历年同期最大.在垂直方向上自低层往高层不断西伸;400~200 h Pa上西太副高与南亚高压位置相互联通,以高压坝的形式覆盖长江流域,西太副高的厚度异常深厚.通过与历史同期8月不同程度干旱年份进行对比分析,结果发现,只有当西太副高的空间异常持续维持,才能造成流域严重的高温干旱.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41630426 and 41975016)Climate Change Special Project of the China Meteorological Administration (CCSF201913 and CCSF202010)。
文摘The climatic warming and humidification observed in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC) and their impacts on the ecological environment have become an issue of concern. The associated multi-scale characteristics and environmental responses are currently poorly understood. Using data from satellite remote sensing, field observations, and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6, this paper systematically analyzes the process and scale characteristics of the climatic warming and humidification in the ARNC and their impacts on ecological vegetation. The results show that not only have temperature and precipitation increased significantly in the ARNC over the past 60 years, but the increasing trend of precipitation is also obviously intensifying. The dryness index, which comprehensively considers the effects of precipitation and temperature, has clearly decreased, and the trend in humidification has increased. Spatially, the trend of temperature increase has occurred over the entire region, while 93.4% of the region has experienced an increase in precipitation, suggesting a spatially consistent climatic warming and humidification throughout the ARNC. Long-term trends and interannual changes in temperature and precipitation dominate the changes in climatic warming and humidification. Compared to interannual variations in temperature, the trend change of temperature contributes more to the overall temperature change. However, the contribution of interannual variations in precipitation is greater than that of the precipitation trend to the overall precipitation change. The current climatic warming and humidification generally promote the growth of ecological vegetation. Since the 1980 s,82.4% of the regional vegetation has thrived. The vegetation index has a significant positive correlation with precipitation and temperature. However, it responds more significantly to interannual precipitation variation, although the vegetation response varies significantly under different types of land use. The warming and humidification of the climate in the ARNC are probably related to intensifications of the westerly wind circulation and ascending air motions.They are expected to continue in the future, although the strength of the changes will probably be insufficient to significantly change the basic climate pattern in the ARNC. The results of this study provide helpful information for decision making related to China's "Belt and Road" development strategies.
