Considerations on Research of Environmental Risk Prevention and Control in “12th Five-Year Plan” Period

Along with the environmental pollution causes complexity and diversity increases ceaselessly, “national environmental protection” Twelfth Five “planning” (hereinafter referred to as “planning”) will be the environmental risk prevention as the “12th Five-Year Plan” one of the important tasks, including advancing environmental risk management in the whole process, key areas the environmental risk prevention measures. The whole process environmental risk management covers a risk source recognition, receptor vulnerability assessment, environmental risk characterization, risk decision and risk assessment of accident loss. This article from the environmental risk source classification, environmental risk classification management, environmental emergency response and environmental risk and insurance environment four aspects put forward the “12th Five-Year Plan” whole process environmental risk management content, to further reduce our country environmental pollution accident risk and policy makers to provide some decision support.

Trends of environmental accidents and impact factors in China

An overview of the spatial and temporal variations of the environmental accidents in China in recent years was presented in this paper using available data.The results showed that the frequency of pollution accidents was significantly decreased,from 3462 in 1990 to 462 in 2007.The water and air pollution accidents were found to be the dominant types,accounting for more than 80%of the total accidents.Considering the classification of environmental accidents at 4 scales,the general environmental accident,i.e.,the least serious type,was the most frequent event,taking up 58.98%of the total pollution accidents.In addition,the distribution of environmental accidents was generally in accordance with the industrial layout in the country during the past decade.It is very important to note that the extraordinarily severe environmental accidents showed an increasing trend in underdeveloped regions,which was caused by the transfer and the development of heavy polluted industry in these areas.As to the losses of environmental accidents,the casualties presented an obvious reduction tendency,while the direct economic loss per accident tended to climb up.Furthermore,some key factors that affect the spatial and temporal tendencies of environmental accidents in China were discussed and some suggestions were put forward,hoping to shed light on environmental risk management and emergency plans making associated with environmental accidents in China.