Facile access to C-N bonds via unexpected side reactions of Knoevenagel condensation and their application in high-efficiency organic solar cells

The construction of C-N bonds is of great importance in the fields of biology,medicine,chemistry and materials science.Here,the replacement of organic base from pyridine to piperidine in the Knoevenagel condensation process unexpectedly yields a series of novel organic molecules containing C-N bonds.Interestingly,the synthesis method does not require any external transition-metals catalysis,and photo-/electro-catalysis.Additionally,when the new compound 1b is added as a third component to a well-known binary system of PM6:Y6,the efficiency of the organic solar cell is significantly improved,resulting in an outstanding efficiency of 18.0%,which is one of the highest values reported to date for PM6:Y6-based ternary organic solar cells.

运动护齿的研究进展

随着运动护齿的研究不断深入,目前有3种不同类型的运动护齿。为提升运动护齿的防护效果,研究者不断改进制作材料和设计,加强运动护齿的使用、维护。近年来,医师在运动护齿的防护中的作用也得到重视。本文将介绍国内外运动护齿的研究现状,对运动护齿的类型、防护机制及防护效果、制作流程、维护方法以及医师参与度等问题进行梳理总结,以期为口腔医师设计、制作、维护运动护齿以及相关领域的研究提供参考。