Flue gas containing volatile elements, fine fly ash particulates not retained by particle control devices, and limestone are the most important sources of trace and major elements (TMEs) in wet flue gas desulphurizati...Flue gas containing volatile elements, fine fly ash particulates not retained by particle control devices, and limestone are the most important sources of trace and major elements (TMEs) in wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) gypsum. In this study, samples of gypsum slurry were separated into fine and coarse fractions. Multi-elemental analysis of 45 elements in the different size fractions of gypsum, slurry waters and lignite were performed by k0-INAA (k0-instrumental neutron activation analyses). The study found that the volatile elements (Hg, Se and halogens) in the flue gas accumulate in the fine fractions of gypsum. Moreover, the concentrations of most TMEs are considerably higher in the fine fractions compared to the coarse fractions. The exceptions are Ca and Sr that primarily originate from the limestone. Variations of TMEs in the finer fractions are dependent on the presence of CaSO4·2H2O that is the main constituent of the coarse fraction. Consequently, the content of TMEs in the fine fraction is highly dependent on the efficiency of separating the fine fraction from the coarse fraction. Separation of the finer fraction, representing about 10% of the total gypsum, offers the possibility to remove effectively TMEs from WFGD slurry.展开更多
Gypsum from the wet flue gas desulfurization system of the lignite fired thermal power plant Sostanj, Slovenia, can efficiently retain mercury (Hg), of which most is contained in finer gypsum fractions, with concentra...Gypsum from the wet flue gas desulfurization system of the lignite fired thermal power plant Sostanj, Slovenia, can efficiently retain mercury (Hg), of which most is contained in finer gypsum fractions, with concentrations above 10 kg-1. The aim of this work was to identify and study the temperature stability of Hg species in gypsum by a temperature fractionation (TF) method. A self-constructed apparatus was used that consisted of an electrical furnace for controlled heating up to 700°C, with a heating rate of 2.2°C·min-1, and an AAS detector with Zeeman background correction. The pattern of Hg release during temperature increase depends highly on the matrix/substrate in which it is contained. Based on spiking gypsum with known Hg compounds we concluded that the largest proportion of Hg in gypsum belongs to Hg-Cl and Hg-Br compounds appearing at 160°C to 200°C, followed by smaller amounts of HgO, HgS and Hg sulfates appearing at 300°C and 450°C. Further development of methodology for identifying Hg species would require identification of the decomposition fragments of Hg and other compounds, complemented by a better understanding of Hg reactivity at higher temperatures.展开更多
基金funded by the Slovenian Research Agency program P1-0143 and project L1-5446 and the young researchers programsupported by the EMPIR MercOx project(16ENV01).
文摘Flue gas containing volatile elements, fine fly ash particulates not retained by particle control devices, and limestone are the most important sources of trace and major elements (TMEs) in wet flue gas desulphurization (WFGD) gypsum. In this study, samples of gypsum slurry were separated into fine and coarse fractions. Multi-elemental analysis of 45 elements in the different size fractions of gypsum, slurry waters and lignite were performed by k0-INAA (k0-instrumental neutron activation analyses). The study found that the volatile elements (Hg, Se and halogens) in the flue gas accumulate in the fine fractions of gypsum. Moreover, the concentrations of most TMEs are considerably higher in the fine fractions compared to the coarse fractions. The exceptions are Ca and Sr that primarily originate from the limestone. Variations of TMEs in the finer fractions are dependent on the presence of CaSO4·2H2O that is the main constituent of the coarse fraction. Consequently, the content of TMEs in the fine fraction is highly dependent on the efficiency of separating the fine fraction from the coarse fraction. Separation of the finer fraction, representing about 10% of the total gypsum, offers the possibility to remove effectively TMEs from WFGD slurry.
基金supported by the ARRS program P1-0143,a project J1-4288 and the ARRS young researcher program as well as the program“Young researchers from Industry 2010”partly financed by the European Union,European Social Fundfinancial support from the state budget by the Slovenian Research Agency.
文摘Gypsum from the wet flue gas desulfurization system of the lignite fired thermal power plant Sostanj, Slovenia, can efficiently retain mercury (Hg), of which most is contained in finer gypsum fractions, with concentrations above 10 kg-1. The aim of this work was to identify and study the temperature stability of Hg species in gypsum by a temperature fractionation (TF) method. A self-constructed apparatus was used that consisted of an electrical furnace for controlled heating up to 700°C, with a heating rate of 2.2°C·min-1, and an AAS detector with Zeeman background correction. The pattern of Hg release during temperature increase depends highly on the matrix/substrate in which it is contained. Based on spiking gypsum with known Hg compounds we concluded that the largest proportion of Hg in gypsum belongs to Hg-Cl and Hg-Br compounds appearing at 160°C to 200°C, followed by smaller amounts of HgO, HgS and Hg sulfates appearing at 300°C and 450°C. Further development of methodology for identifying Hg species would require identification of the decomposition fragments of Hg and other compounds, complemented by a better understanding of Hg reactivity at higher temperatures.
