Clinicians have very limited options to treat triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)due to the lack of effective targeted drugs.Recently,the findings of the mechanism underlying tumor-intrinsic immune escape have fueled ...Clinicians have very limited options to treat triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)due to the lack of effective targeted drugs.Recently,the findings of the mechanism underlying tumor-intrinsic immune escape have fueled a wave of studies into immunotherapy in breast cancer(BC).Compared with other BC subtypes,TNBC shows a better response to immunotherapy due to the higher level of tumor mutation burden and lymphocyte infiltration.Thereinto,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)achieved the first success of immunotherapy for TNBC and are widely utilized with conventional treatments in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant and advanced stages.However,a large number of TNBC patients fail to demonstrate a good response to ICIs,and the acquired resistance to ICI-based therapies is clinically emerging,which is a major challenge for immunotherapy in TNBC.Here we review the latest advances in TNBC immune microenvironment,immunotherapy,and immunotherapeutic resistance and discuss the challenges and potential approaches to improve the clinical benefit of immunotherapy against TNBC.展开更多
Supersonic flows with high Mach number are ubiquitous in astrophysics. High-powered lasers also have the ability to drive high Mach number, radiating shock waves in laboratory plasmas, and recent experiments along the...Supersonic flows with high Mach number are ubiquitous in astrophysics. High-powered lasers also have the ability to drive high Mach number, radiating shock waves in laboratory plasmas, and recent experiments along these lines have made it possible to recreate analogs of high Mach-number astrophysical flows under controlled conditions. Streak cameras such as the Rochester optical streak system(ROSS) are particularly helpful in diagnosing such experiments,because they acquire spatially resolved measurements of the radiating gas continuously over a large time interval,making it easy to observe how any shock waves and ablation fronts present in the system evolve with time. This paper summarizes new ROSS observations of a laboratory analog of the collision of a stellar wind with an ablating planetary atmosphere embedded within a magnetosphere. We find good agreement between the observed ROSS data and numerical models obtained with the FLASH code, but only when the effects of optical depth are properly taken into account.展开更多
文摘Clinicians have very limited options to treat triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)due to the lack of effective targeted drugs.Recently,the findings of the mechanism underlying tumor-intrinsic immune escape have fueled a wave of studies into immunotherapy in breast cancer(BC).Compared with other BC subtypes,TNBC shows a better response to immunotherapy due to the higher level of tumor mutation burden and lymphocyte infiltration.Thereinto,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)achieved the first success of immunotherapy for TNBC and are widely utilized with conventional treatments in the neoadjuvant/adjuvant and advanced stages.However,a large number of TNBC patients fail to demonstrate a good response to ICIs,and the acquired resistance to ICI-based therapies is clinically emerging,which is a major challenge for immunotherapy in TNBC.Here we review the latest advances in TNBC immune microenvironment,immunotherapy,and immunotherapeutic resistance and discuss the challenges and potential approaches to improve the clinical benefit of immunotherapy against TNBC.
基金the DOE NLUF program DE-FOA-0001568the Data Analysis and Visualization Cyber Infrastructure program OCI-0959097
文摘Supersonic flows with high Mach number are ubiquitous in astrophysics. High-powered lasers also have the ability to drive high Mach number, radiating shock waves in laboratory plasmas, and recent experiments along these lines have made it possible to recreate analogs of high Mach-number astrophysical flows under controlled conditions. Streak cameras such as the Rochester optical streak system(ROSS) are particularly helpful in diagnosing such experiments,because they acquire spatially resolved measurements of the radiating gas continuously over a large time interval,making it easy to observe how any shock waves and ablation fronts present in the system evolve with time. This paper summarizes new ROSS observations of a laboratory analog of the collision of a stellar wind with an ablating planetary atmosphere embedded within a magnetosphere. We find good agreement between the observed ROSS data and numerical models obtained with the FLASH code, but only when the effects of optical depth are properly taken into account.
