The charged domain wall is an ultrathin(typically nanosized)interface between two domains;it carries bound charge owing to a change of normal component of spontaneous polarization on crossing the wall.In contrast to h...The charged domain wall is an ultrathin(typically nanosized)interface between two domains;it carries bound charge owing to a change of normal component of spontaneous polarization on crossing the wall.In contrast to hetero-interfaces between different materials,charged domain walls(CDWs)can be created,displaced,erased,and recreated again in the bulk of a material.Screening of the bound charge with free carriers is often necessary for stability of CDWs,which can result in giant two-dimensional conductivity along the wall.Usually in nominally insulating ferroelectrics,the concentration of free carriers at the walls can approach metallic values.Thus,CDWs can be viewed as ultrathin reconfigurable strongly conductive sheets embedded into the bulk of an insulating material.This feature is highly attractive for future nanoelectronics.The last decade was marked by a surge of research interest in CDWs.It resulted in numerous breakthroughs in controllable and reproducible fabrication of CDWs in different materials,in investigation of CDW properties and charge compensation mechanisms,in discovery of light-induced effects,and,finally,in detection of giant two-dimensional conductivity.The present review is aiming at a concise presentation of the main physical ideas behind CDWs and a brief overview of the most important theoretical and experimental findings in the field.展开更多
基金JiříHlinka is acknowledged for reading the manuscript and useful remarks.P.V.Y.acknowledges support from the Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences,grant of MSMT CR,No.LO1409from the Institute of Thermophysics SB RAS,grant RSF No.16-19-00119.P.S.B.and P.V.Y.acknowledge the Operational Program Research,Development and Education financed by European Structural and Investment Funds and the Czech Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports(Project No.SOLID21-CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000760).
文摘The charged domain wall is an ultrathin(typically nanosized)interface between two domains;it carries bound charge owing to a change of normal component of spontaneous polarization on crossing the wall.In contrast to hetero-interfaces between different materials,charged domain walls(CDWs)can be created,displaced,erased,and recreated again in the bulk of a material.Screening of the bound charge with free carriers is often necessary for stability of CDWs,which can result in giant two-dimensional conductivity along the wall.Usually in nominally insulating ferroelectrics,the concentration of free carriers at the walls can approach metallic values.Thus,CDWs can be viewed as ultrathin reconfigurable strongly conductive sheets embedded into the bulk of an insulating material.This feature is highly attractive for future nanoelectronics.The last decade was marked by a surge of research interest in CDWs.It resulted in numerous breakthroughs in controllable and reproducible fabrication of CDWs in different materials,in investigation of CDW properties and charge compensation mechanisms,in discovery of light-induced effects,and,finally,in detection of giant two-dimensional conductivity.The present review is aiming at a concise presentation of the main physical ideas behind CDWs and a brief overview of the most important theoretical and experimental findings in the field.
