Rice straw is always regarded as a by-product of rice production,but it could be a significant energy source for ruminant animals.Knowledge of the genetic variation and genetic architecture of cell wall traits will fa...Rice straw is always regarded as a by-product of rice production,but it could be a significant energy source for ruminant animals.Knowledge of the genetic variation and genetic architecture of cell wall traits will facilitate rice breeders by improving relevant traits through selective breeding and genetic engineering.The common wild rice,Oryza rufipogon Griff.,which is considered to be the progenitor of Oryza sativa,has been widely utilized for the identification of genes of agronomic importance for rice genetic improvement.In the present study,the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for acid detergent fiber (ADF),neutral detergent fiber (NDF),acid detergent lignin (ADL),and ADL/NDF ratio was carried out in two environments using a backcrossed inbred line (BIL) population derived from a cross between the recurrent parent Xieqingzao B (XB) and an accession of Dongxiang wild rice (DWR).The results indicated that all four traits tested were continuously distributed among the BILs,but many BILs showed transgressive segregation.A total of 16 QTLs were identified for the four traits,but no QTLs were in common in two environments,suggesting that environment has dramatic effects on fiber and lignin syntheses.Compared to the QTL positions for grain yield-related traits,there were no unfavorable correlations between grain yield components and cell wall traits in this population.The QTLs identified in this study are useful for the development of dual-purpose rice varieties that are high in grain yield and are also high in straw quality.展开更多
A modular multilevel converter(MMC)is one of the promising voltage source converter topologies in the field of high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission.MMCs are vulnerable to the direct current(DC)short-circuit f...A modular multilevel converter(MMC)is one of the promising voltage source converter topologies in the field of high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission.MMCs are vulnerable to the direct current(DC)short-circuit faults due to the high discharge current stress.This study first introduced the simplified equivalent circuits of MMCs under both normal and DC fault operation conditions.Then the MMC fault spread loops and fault energy distribution principles are presented.Moreover,a detailed comparative study of the existing DC fault handling schemes,which are classified as the rigid blocking and flexible blocking methods are carried out.It provides a technical reference for further study on the MMC DC fault protection schemes for the HVDC transmission system.展开更多
目的确认长角血蜱是否具有经卵传播斑点热群立克次体(Spotted fever group rickettsia,SFGR)新基因型Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii的能力。方法采集牛体表饱血长角血蜱,在实验室诱导产卵,并采用聚合酶链式反应检测蜱卵中Candidatu...目的确认长角血蜱是否具有经卵传播斑点热群立克次体(Spotted fever group rickettsia,SFGR)新基因型Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii的能力。方法采集牛体表饱血长角血蜱,在实验室诱导产卵,并采用聚合酶链式反应检测蜱卵中Candidatus R. longicornii核酸。扩增长角血蜱母体和蜱卵中Candidatus R. longicornii基因序列,分析同源性和遗传进化关系。结果共采集55只饱血长角血蜱(雌性成蜱),检测Candidatus R. longicornii核酸,21只阳性,阳性率为38.18%。共收集约2 500只长角血蜱蜱卵,分成50组检测Candidatus R. longicornii,6组阳性,蜱卵最低感染率为0.24%。经同源性分析,长角血蜱母体和蜱卵Candidatus R. longicornii基因序列与首次在韩国发现的蜱源ROK-HL727株Candidatus R. longicornii基因序列同源性均达到99.79%以上。母体和蜱卵2个Candidatus R. longicornii基因序列间同源性达到99.69%以上,在系统进化关系上均与ROK-HL727株基因序列处于同一个分支,且遗传关系较近。结论长角血蜱母体SFGR Candidatus R. longicornii基因型感染率较高,且可经卵传播该基因型。展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2002CCC00800)the Jiangxi Provincial Inviting Tender Project for Principal Research Topic (No. 20068)the Ministry of Agriculture of China (Nos. 200803034 and 201103007)
文摘Rice straw is always regarded as a by-product of rice production,but it could be a significant energy source for ruminant animals.Knowledge of the genetic variation and genetic architecture of cell wall traits will facilitate rice breeders by improving relevant traits through selective breeding and genetic engineering.The common wild rice,Oryza rufipogon Griff.,which is considered to be the progenitor of Oryza sativa,has been widely utilized for the identification of genes of agronomic importance for rice genetic improvement.In the present study,the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for acid detergent fiber (ADF),neutral detergent fiber (NDF),acid detergent lignin (ADL),and ADL/NDF ratio was carried out in two environments using a backcrossed inbred line (BIL) population derived from a cross between the recurrent parent Xieqingzao B (XB) and an accession of Dongxiang wild rice (DWR).The results indicated that all four traits tested were continuously distributed among the BILs,but many BILs showed transgressive segregation.A total of 16 QTLs were identified for the four traits,but no QTLs were in common in two environments,suggesting that environment has dramatic effects on fiber and lignin syntheses.Compared to the QTL positions for grain yield-related traits,there were no unfavorable correlations between grain yield components and cell wall traits in this population.The QTLs identified in this study are useful for the development of dual-purpose rice varieties that are high in grain yield and are also high in straw quality.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China with grant no.2016YFE0131700.
文摘A modular multilevel converter(MMC)is one of the promising voltage source converter topologies in the field of high-voltage direct current(HVDC)transmission.MMCs are vulnerable to the direct current(DC)short-circuit faults due to the high discharge current stress.This study first introduced the simplified equivalent circuits of MMCs under both normal and DC fault operation conditions.Then the MMC fault spread loops and fault energy distribution principles are presented.Moreover,a detailed comparative study of the existing DC fault handling schemes,which are classified as the rigid blocking and flexible blocking methods are carried out.It provides a technical reference for further study on the MMC DC fault protection schemes for the HVDC transmission system.
文摘目的确认长角血蜱是否具有经卵传播斑点热群立克次体(Spotted fever group rickettsia,SFGR)新基因型Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii的能力。方法采集牛体表饱血长角血蜱,在实验室诱导产卵,并采用聚合酶链式反应检测蜱卵中Candidatus R. longicornii核酸。扩增长角血蜱母体和蜱卵中Candidatus R. longicornii基因序列,分析同源性和遗传进化关系。结果共采集55只饱血长角血蜱(雌性成蜱),检测Candidatus R. longicornii核酸,21只阳性,阳性率为38.18%。共收集约2 500只长角血蜱蜱卵,分成50组检测Candidatus R. longicornii,6组阳性,蜱卵最低感染率为0.24%。经同源性分析,长角血蜱母体和蜱卵Candidatus R. longicornii基因序列与首次在韩国发现的蜱源ROK-HL727株Candidatus R. longicornii基因序列同源性均达到99.79%以上。母体和蜱卵2个Candidatus R. longicornii基因序列间同源性达到99.69%以上,在系统进化关系上均与ROK-HL727株基因序列处于同一个分支,且遗传关系较近。结论长角血蜱母体SFGR Candidatus R. longicornii基因型感染率较高,且可经卵传播该基因型。