阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征遗传性的研究进展

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是一种主要表现为睡眠时打鼾并伴有呼吸暂停和(或)低氧血症、高碳酸血症等严重影响患者生活质量和寿命的一种慢性睡眠障碍性疾病。多导睡眠图监测是诊断OSAHS的金标准。基因组参与了疾病的发生发展,并受外部环境影响。OSAHS发病机制复杂多样,基因突变、多基因协同、种族差异、氧化应激、环境修饰等多种途径共同参与其发病过程。统计学、遗传学、分子生物学、蛋白质组学、代谢学等相关研究中,OSAHS已被证实是一种具有家族聚集性的疾病。目前发现已被确诊的OSAHS患者多同时合并肥胖、糖尿病、心脑血管疾病、代谢综合征等慢性疾病,其共同患病机制尚未被明确阐述。该文就OSAHS及其常见共患病研究进展做一综述。

乡村振兴战略背景下非物质文化遗产的传承创新研究——以天琴艺术为例

在遗产化运动深入开展的今天,作为依生于传统农耕文化基础之上的一种地方性知识,天琴艺术成为了一种表征地方智慧的非物质文化遗产。天琴艺术因受其传统生境的消解、各方保护意识的淡薄、市场竞争力弱、保护与传承主体多元等因素影响,其传承面临着严重危机。在乡村振兴战略背景下,天琴艺术的传承与发展迎来了难得的机遇与空间。将天琴艺术转化为一种文化资源,可以发展乡村特色文化产业、丰富乡村文化生活、重塑乡村文化生态,助推乡村产业振兴和文化振兴,进而促进乡村振兴战略目标的实现;反过来,以发展乡村特色文化产业、丰富乡村文化生活、重塑乡村文化生态为依托,可促进天琴艺术的活态传承与发展,进而实现民族优秀传统文化的创造性转化与创新性发展。

民间祭祀戏剧的仪式化悖论及其反思——广昌孟戏的田野研究

在现代化语境下,作为一种酬神祭祖的地方戏曲,广昌孟戏的传承现状与困境体现了一种具有普遍性的仪式化悖论。一年一度的孟戏表演,在广昌甘竹人代代相承的反复操演中,已化为当地民众的集体记忆,维系着以宗族情感为基础的社区认同和地方认同。另一方面,仪式化与程式化的展演结构又使其陷入内卷化和固化境地,成为束缚其发展的桎梏。因此,在重要的节庆及世俗仪式场合拓展孟戏表演空间,可拓展孟戏传承路径,以赢得新的生机和活力,或许是广昌孟戏打破其仪式化悖论,进而走出内卷化困境的一条出路。广昌孟戏的个案研究,亦可为处于类似困境的其他祭祀戏剧或非物质文化遗产的传承与发展提供参考。

Diagnostic Value of TB-IGRA, PPD, TB-DNA-PCR and ADA in Tuberculous Pleural Effusion

Objective: To investigate the clinical diagnostic value of TB-IGRA (Tuberculosis-Interferon Gamma Release Assay), PPD (Intradermal Tuberculin Test), TB-DNA-PCR (Tuberculosis-Deoxyribonucleic-Polymerase Chain Reaction) and ADA(Adenosine Aeaminase) in tuberculous pleural effusion. Methods: 60 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion discharged from our department from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 were selected. Moreover, the TB-IGRA in peripheral blood, PPD test, TB-DNA-PCR and ADA in pleural effusion were detected. Subsequently, the positive rate, negative rate, sensitivity and omission diagnostic rate of TB-IGRA, PPD, TB-DNA-PCR, ADA and combined TB-IGRA were calculated. Results: The positive rate and sensitivity of TB-IGRA, PPD,TB-DNA-PCR, and ADA were 95%, 71.67%, 5% and 86.67% respectively. The omission diagnostic rate was 5%, 28.33%, 95% and 13.33%. TB-IGRA showed the highest positive rate and sensitivity, and TB-DNA-PCR represented the highest omission diagnostic rate. The sensitivity of TB-IGRA + PPD was 98.33%, while the omission diagnostic rate was 51.67%. The sensitivity of TB-IGRA + TB-DNA-PCR was 95%, while the omission diagnostic rate was 5%. The sensitivity of TB-IGRA + ADA was 100%, while the omission diagnostic rate was 0%. In addition, the TB-IGRA + ADA had the highest sensitivity and the lowest omission diagnostic rate. Conclusion: TB-IGRA has high positive rate, high sensitivity and low omission diagnostic rate, which is superior to the traditional sputum test for tuberculosis. Notably, the combination of PPD, TB-DNA-PCR, ADA is capable of improving the diagnosis rate, and the diagnosis rate can reach 100% when combined with ADA, which is able to provide solid diagnostic value in clinical practice.

Effect of Rifapentine and Rifampicin on Anti-Tuberculosis

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of rifapentine and rifampicin in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: Seventy-two cases of patients with initial treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis who attended the First Hospital Affiliated to Hebei North University from February 2017 to August 2019 were selected. They were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 36 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with isoniazid + rifapentine + ethambutol, while the control group was treated with isoniazid + rifampicin + ethambutol. The symptom relief, image absorption and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results: The rate of symptom relief was 86.11% in the observation group and 94.44% in the control group, P < 0.05, which was statistically significant. Rifampin was more helpful than rifapentine in relieving clinical symptoms. The lesion absorption rate was 77.79% in the observation group and 88.89% in the control group, P < 0.05, and the difference was statistically significant. Rifampin was more beneficial to the absorption of TB lesions than rifapentine. The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 16.67% much lower than that in the control group, which was 38.89%, indicating that the adverse reactions of rifapentine were less. Conclusion: Rifampicin is superior to rifapentine in clinical symptom relief and lesion absorption, but the incidence of adverse reactions is high.

西格列汀联合门冬胰岛素治疗老年2型糖尿病患者的疗效及对脂代谢、炎症因子、同型半胱氨酸的影响

目的探讨西格列汀联合门冬胰岛素治疗老年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的疗效,及其对患者脂代谢、炎症因子、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的影响。方法选取2018年1月—2019年12月台州市中心医院和宁波大学医学院附属医院收治的老年T2DM患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。观察组采用西格列汀联合门冬胰岛素治疗,对照组采用门冬胰岛素治疗,均治疗3个月。比较两组患者治疗3个月总有效率,治疗前与治疗3个月患者血脂、炎症因子[C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和IL-18]和Hcy水平的变化。结果观察组总有效率高于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组治疗前后低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇和甘油三酯的差值均大于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组治疗前后CRP、IL-6和IL-18的差值均大于对照组(P <0.05)。观察组治疗前后Hcy的差值大于对照组(P <0.05)。结论西格列汀联合门冬胰岛素治疗老年T2DM患者疗效良好,且可改善血脂代谢,减轻炎症反应,降低Hcy水平。

幽门螺旋杆菌感染与结直肠腺瘤复发的相关性分析

背景结直肠腺瘤(colorectal adenoma,CRA)是结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)的癌前病变,早期切除及预防其复发是预防结肠癌的有效措施.但腺瘤切除后容易复发,有研究显示幽门螺旋杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染是CRA发生原因之一,本研究拟分析H.pylori感染及根除H.pylori对CRA复发的影响.目的探讨CRA术后复发的危险因素,尤其是H.pylori感染对CRA复发的影响.方法收集本院门诊及病房行肠镜检查并病理证实为CRA的病例,根据13C呼气试验结果,将其分为A组(H.pylori阴性组)和B组(H.pylori阳性组);B组病例再随机分成两组:C组根除H.pylori,D组未根除H.pylori.1年后复查肠镜及呼气试验,根据随访肠镜的结果,比较息肉复发病例和未复发病例的一般资料,并对CRA复发的危险因素进行Logistic回归分析.结果共有733例CRA患者纳入本研究,各组中患者的一般资料以及术前息肉的大小、数目、病理类型及手术方式等均无显著差异(P>0.05).术后1年复查,H.pylori感染组(B组)患者息肉复发率显著高于A组(23.02%vs 15.79%,P<0.05);而根除H.pylori后的C组息肉复发率则显著低于未根除的D组(17.37%vs 28.36%,P<0.05).在息肉复发的所有危险因素中,男性患者、BMI≥25 kg/m2,息肉个数≥3枚、息肉大小≥20 mm及H.pylori感染等因素存在统计学差异(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,H.pylori感染是息肉复发的独立危险因素(OR=1.556,P<0.05),而根除H.pylori与息肉的复发呈负相关性(OR=0.509,P<0.05).结论H.pylori感染会增加CRA的复发,是CRA术后复发的独立危险因素,根除H.pylori后能显著降低CRA的复发.

Stability analysis of unsaturated soil slope during rainfall infiltration using coupled liquid-gas-solid three-phase model

Generally, most soil slope failures are induced by rainfall infiltration, a process that involves interactions between the liquid phase, gas phase,and solid skeleton in an unsaturated soil slope. In this study, a loosely coupled liquid-gas-solid three-phase model, linking two numerical codes,TOUGH2/EOS3, which is used for water-air two-phase flow analysis, and FLAC^(3D), which is used for mechanical analysis, was established. The model was validated through a documented water drainage experiment over a sandy column and a comparison of the results with measured data and simulated results from other researchers. The proposed model was used to investigate the features of water-air two-phase flow and stress fields in an unsaturated soil slope during rainfall infiltration. The slope stability analysis was then performed based on the simulated water-air two-phase seepage and stress fields on a given slip surface. The results show that the safety factor for the given slip surface decreases first, then increases, and later decreases until the rainfall stops. Subsequently, a sudden rise occurs. After that, the safety factor decreases continually and reaches its lowest value, and then increases slowly to a steady value. The lowest value does not occur when the rainfall stops, indicating a delayed effect of the safety factor. The variations of the safety factor for the given slip surface are therefore caused by a combination of pore-air pressure, matric suction, normal stress, and net normal stress.

Effect of endostar combined with cisplatin on expression of VEGF and Sema3A of Lewis lung cancer rats

Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of endostar(ED) combined with cisplatin(DDP) on model of C57BL/6 rats,and to further investigate the inhibiting mechanism of endostar from tumor angiogenesis.Methods:Lewis lung cancer cells were inoculated in C57BL/6 mouse,then the mouse were randomized into control group(group A),ED(group B),DDP(group C) and ED/DDP (group D).They were treated according to the plan.And the expressions of VEGF and Sema3A were evaluated by immunhistochemisty.Results:The weight of tumor increased in group A and B.It was decreased in group C and D.The tumor volume was increased in all the 4 groups. The VEGF expression of group D was obviously lower than the other group 3,but the Sema3A expressed of group D was significantly strengthener than the other group 3.The VEGF expression of group B and group D were obviously low especially in the 4th-8th days.Pearson correlated analysis showed that the expression VEGF and Sema3A were negatively correlated(r=-0.72, P【0.05).Conclusions:ED combined with DDP could control the tumor growth effectively,and avoid weight loss.ED could reduce VEGF expression,and enhance Sema3A expression.Tumor vessel presents transient normalization.It is easy for DDP perfusion,and to kill tumor cells.

Urotensin Ⅱ-induced insulin resistance is mediated by NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species in Hep G2 cells

AIM: To investigated the effects of urotensin Ⅱ(UII) on hepatic insulin resistance in Hep G2 cells and the potential mechanisms involved.METHODS: Human hepatoma Hep G2 cells were cultured with or without exogenous UII for 24 h, in the presence or absence of 100 nmol/L insulin for the last 30 min. Glucose levels were detected by the glucoseoxidase method and glycogen synthesis was analyzed by glycogen colorimetric/fluorometric assay. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels were detected with a multimode reader using a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate probe. The protein expression and phosphorylation levels of c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), insulin signal essential molecules such as insulin receptor substrate-1(IRS-1), protein kinase B(Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β), and glucose transporter-2(Glut 2), and NADPH oxidase subunits such as gp91 phox, p67 phox, p47 phox, p40 phox, and p22 phox were evaluated by Western blot.RESULTS: Exposure to 100 nmol/L UII reduced the insulin-induced glucose consumption(P < 0.05)and glycogen content(P < 0.01) in Hep G2 cells compared with cells without UII. UII also abolished insulin-stimulated protein expression(P < 0.01) and phosphorylation of IRS-1(P < 0.05), associated with down-regulation of Akt(P < 0.05) and GSK-3β(P < 0.05) phosphorylation levels, and the expression of Glut 2(P < 0.001), indicating an insulin-resistance state in Hep G2 cells. Furthermore, UII enhanced the phosphorylation of JNK(P < 0.05), while the activity of JNK, insulin signaling, such as total protein of IRS-1(P < 0.001), phosphorylation of IRS-1(P < 0.001) and GSK-3β(P < 0.05), and glycogen synthesis(P < 0.001) could be reversed by pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Besides, UII markedly improved ROS generation(P < 0.05) and NADPH oxidase subunit expression(P < 0.05). However, the antioxidant/NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin could decrease UII-induced ROS production(P < 0.05), JNK phosphorylation(P < 0.05), and insulin resistance(P < 0.05) in HepG 2 cells. CONCLUSION: UII induces insulin resistance, and this can be reversed by JNK inhibitor SP600125 and antioxidant/NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin targeting the insulin signaling pathway in HepG 2 cells.

Mistletoe alkali inhibits peroxidation in rat liver and kidney

AIM： To explore the antioxidant and free radica scavenger properties of mistletoe alkali （MA）. METHODS： The antioxidant effect of mistletoe alkali on the oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride （CCh） in rats was investigated. The rats were divided into four groups （n = 8）： CCh-treated group （1 mL/kg body weight）, MA -treated group （90 mg/kg）, CCh＋MA-treated group and normal control group. After 4 wk of treatment, the level of malondialdehyde （MDA）, a lipid peroxidation product （LPO） was measured in serum and homogenates of liver and kidney. Also, the level of glutathione （GSH）, and activities of glutathione reductase （GR）, glutathione peroxidase （GSPx）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, and glutathione-S-transferase （GST） in liver and kidney were determined. Scavenging effects on hydroxyl free radicals produced in vitro by Fenton reaction were studied by ESR methods using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide （DMPO） as a spin trap reagent and H2O2/UV as the OH· source. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine （8-OHdG） was determined by competitive ELISA. RESULTS： In CCh-treated group, the level of LPO in serum of liver and kidney was significantly increased compared to controls. The levels of GSH and enzyme activities of SOD, GSPx and GR in liver and kidney were significantly decreased in comparison with controls. In CCl4＋MA-treated group, the changes in the levels of LPO in serum of liver and kidney were not statistically significant compared to controls. The levels of SOD, GSPx and GR in liver and kidney were significantly increased in comparison with controls. There was a significant differ- ence in urinary excretion of 8-OHdG between the CCh- treated and MA-treated groups. CONCLUSION： Oxidative stress may be a major mechanism for the toxicity of CCh. MA has a protective effect against CCl4 toxicity by inhibiting the oxidative damage and stimulating GST activities. Thus, clinical application of MA should be considered in cases with carbon tetrachloride-induced injury.

灵长类苦味受体基因研究进展

在鲜味、甜味、苦味、咸味和酸味5种味觉形式中,苦味能避免动物摄入有毒有害物质,在动物的生存中发挥着特别重要的作用。苦味味觉的产生依赖于苦味物质与苦味受体的相互作用。苦味受体由苦味受体基因Tas2rs编码,此类基因在不同物种中数量变化较大以适应不同的需求。目前的研究在灵长类中鉴别出了若干苦味受体的配体,并发现有的苦味受体基因所经受的选择压在类群之间、基因之间甚至同一基因不同功能区之间都存在着变化。本文从苦味受体作用的多样性特点,受体与配体的对应关系、受体基因进化模式与食性之间的关系、苦味受体基因的适应性进化方面对灵长类苦味受体基因进行了综述,以期为苦味受体基因在灵长类中的深入研究提供参考。

OsMAPK6 Affects Male Fertility by Reducing Microspore Number and Delaying Tapetum Degradation in Oryza sativa L.

The mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascade is important in stress signal transduction and plant development.In the present study,we identified a rice(Oryza sativa L.)mutant with reduced fertility,Oryza sativa mitogen-activated protein kinase 6(osmapk6),which harbored a mutated MAPK gene.Scanning and transmission electron microscopy,quantitative RT-PCR analysis,TUNEL assays,RNA in situ hybridization,longitudinal and transverse histological sectioning,and map-based cloning were performed to characterize the osmapk6 mutant.The gene OsMAPK6 was expressed throughout the plant but predominantly in the microspore mother cells,tapetal cells,and microspores in the anther sac.Compared with the wild type,the total number of microspores was reduced in the osmapk6 mutant.The formation of microspore mother cells was reduced in the osmapk6 anther sac at an early stage of anther development,which was the primary reason for the decrease in the total number of microspores.Programmed cell death of some tapetal cells was delayed in osmapk6 anthers and affected exine formation in neighboring microspores.These results suggest that OsMAPK6 plays pivotal roles in microspore mother cell formation and tapetal cell degradation.

Regional Evaluation on Sustainable Development of Agriculture in Tibet Based on Cluster Analysis

To understand the spatial difference of agricultural sustainability in Tibet,this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation model of agricultural sustainability to calculate the score of agricultural sustainability of 7 areas in 2013 in Tibet. By using cluster analysis,this paper conducts the regional evaluation of Tibet's agricultural sustainability. The results show that 7 cities' regional difference of agricultural sustainability was obvious in 2013,the agricultural sustainability index value was 0. 4232- 0. 6937,and the value was in the order of Nyingchi > Lhasa > Shannan > Ali > Shigatse > Qamdo > Nagqu. According to the agricultural sustainable development level,Tibet can be divided into three regions: the first type is the area with the highest level of sustainable development of agriculture,including Nyingchi and Lhasa; the second type is the area with the average level of sustainable development of agriculture,including Shigatse and Shannan; the third type is the area with the low level of sustainable development of agriculture,including Qamdo,Ali and Nagqu.

一道耐人寻味的期终学业联考题

对试题的研究是教师在教学和复习中经常做的一件.通过分析一道试题,尝试从题目条件入手,寻找解题的视角,引导学生进行知识关联和知识检索,寻求一题多解.这样做不仅挖掘试题的潜在价值,更有利于学生掌握基础知识,提高解题能力,开阔学生的视野,有效地培养学生思维的广阔性和灵活性,提高学生的综合应用能力.

Formation of RF Plasma Transport Channel in External B-Field

The paper describes experiments on formation of a plasma channel with imbedded B-field for transporting high power ion beam. The plasma was generated with a 5-turn loop inductive antenna driven by an H-bridge type RF generator. The azimuthal B-field in the channel of 0.5-1.5 kG was formed by a pulsed current from external capacitor bank. Control of the hydrogen gas pressure was provided by an electromagnetic puffvalve. The paper describes experimental devices and results on the generated plasma parameters as function of RF frequency, antenna voltage, pulse duration and puffgas pressure. When operating at-1 kG B-field, ambient gas pressure in the range of few -10 mTorr, and 5 kV antenna voltage at resonant frequency of 150 kHz, the plasma density range was （3-7）×10^12 cm3 with a temperature of a few eV.

A biocompatible Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons(HWE)reaction triggered by a bioorthogonal proximity-induced platform

Here,we present a novel bioorthogonal platform that enables precise positioning of attached moieties in close proximity,thereby facilitating the discovery and optimization of biocompatible reactions.Using this platform,we achieve a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons(HWE)reaction under physiological conditions,generating a fluorophore in situ with a yield of up to 93%.This proximity platform should facilitate the discovery of various types of biocompatible reactions,making it a versatile tool for biomedical applica-tions.

UDP-glucose epimerase 1,moonlighting as a transcriptional activator,is essential for tapetum degradation and male fertility in rice

Multiple enzymes perform moonlighting functions distinct from their main roles.UDP-glucose epimerases(UGEs),a subclass of isomerases,catalyze the interconversion of UDP-glucose(UDP-Glc)and UDP-galactose(UDP-Gal).We identified a rice male-sterile mutant,osuge1,with delayed tapetum degradation and abortive pollen.The mutant osuge1 protein lacked UDP-glucose epimerase activity,resulting in higher UDP-Gal content and lower UDP-Glc levels in the osuge1 mutant compared with the wild type.Interestingly,we discovered that OsUGE1 participates in the TIP2/bHLH142–TDR–EAT1/DTD transcriptional regulatory cascade involved in tapetum degradation,in which TIP2 and TDR regulate the expression of OsUGE1 while OsUGE1 regulates the expression of EAT1.In addition,we found that OsUGE1 regulates the expression of its own gene by directly binding to an E-box element in the OsUGE1 promoter.Collectively,our results indicate that OsUGE1 not only functions as a UDP-glucose epimerase but also moonlights as a transcriptional activator to promote tapetum degradation,revealing a novel regulatory mechanism of rice reproductive development.

Relation Extraction Based on Prompt Information and Feature Reuse

To alleviate the problem of under-utilization features of sentence-level relation extraction,which leads to insufficient performance of the pre-trained language model and underutilization of the feature vector,a sentence-level relation extraction method based on adding prompt information and feature reuse is proposed.At first,in addition to the pair of nominals and sentence information,a piece of prompt information is added,and the overall feature information consists of sentence information,entity pair information,and prompt information,and then the features are encoded by the pre-trained language model ROBERTA.Moreover,in the pre-trained language model,BIGRU is also introduced in the composition of the neural network to extract information,and the feature information is passed through the neural network to form several sets of feature vectors.After that,these feature vectors are reused in different combinations to form multiple outputs,and the outputs are aggregated using ensemble-learning soft voting to perform relation classification.In addition to this,the sum of cross-entropy,KL divergence,and negative log-likelihood loss is used as the final loss function in this paper.In the comparison experiments,the model based on adding prompt information and feature reuse achieved higher results of the SemEval-2010 task 8 relational dataset.

文旅融合、仪式展演与文化共生:金秀横村坳瑶盘王节的田野研究

盘王节是瑶族民众纪念其祖先盘王的传统节日,已列入第一批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。盘王节汇集了丰富的瑶族传统文化事象,其中包括各级别的非物质文化遗产代表性项目,是瑶族传统文化集中展演的平台。作为当地政府和民众合力打造的民族文化旅游品牌,横村坳瑶盘王节是当地在乡村振兴大背景下为发展地方经济和传承民族文化而进行的一种地方性实践,实现了文旅融合、仪式展演与文化共生的多重目的,展现了文化空间的仪式性与生成性,同时也成为民族传统节日传承与转化的范例。