Distribution and influencing factors of microeukaryote in different water layers of the southwestern Indian Ocean Ridge

Microeukaryotes play a vital role in shaping marine ecosystems,especially in marine productivity,the microbial food web,and carbon cycle.The Indian Ocean is one of the largest oligotrophic areas in the world,but little is known about the biodiversity of microeukaryotes in the area.The community composition and geographical distribution of microeukaryotes collected from the surface(SUR)and deep chlorophyll maximum(DCM)layers in the southwestern Indian Ocean were studied using high-throughput sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene.The metagenomic data helped quantify the impact of environmental factors on microeukaryotic communities.The relative abundance of different taxa groups exhibited distinct patterns between SUR and DCM layers,except for the most dominant Dinoflagellata that accounted for more than 40.6%abundance in each sample.Radiolaria was much more abundant in the nutrient-rich DCM layer than the SUR layer.The community similarity of microeukaryotes decreased with increasing of geographic distance,whereas the temperature and inorganic nitrogen were the most important environmental parameters to community structure.Abundant communities were more influenced by dispersal limitations and rare communities were more responsive to environmental factors.Correlation network analyses revealed strong biotic interactions indicative of parasitism,predation and competition,and their contribution to microeukaryotic population in diverse environments.Overall,this study provided insights into the biodiversity of microeukaryotes by characterizing the differences between water layers and identifying the driving factors in the ocean.

Reproductive biology of Hemitripterus villosus in the Bohai Strait,China

To understand the reproductive biology of Hemitripterus villosus in the Bohai Strait,and fill the key knowledge gap in verifying reproductive seasonality and documenting gonadotropin dependent reproductive cycle of this species,a year-round detail study was conducted for the first time.In total,263 individuals were randomly sampled off the coasts of the Bohai Strait.Results show that and the overall female-to-male ratio(1.35:1)did not differ significantly from the 1:1 sex ratio.The length and weight relationship for females and males were regressed,depicting an isometric growth for both sexes.Four reproductive phases of the complete gonadotropin dependent reproductive cycle in both sexes were identified.The monthly variations in the gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indexes for both sexes further indicated that this species spawns a single batch of eggs per year and the peak spawning period is from October to December.The average diameter of eggs ranged from 2.10 to 3.57 mm.The length at first sexual maturity was 224.87 mm for females and 241.26 mm for males.Significant positive relationships between absolute fecundity and fish size,and also gonadal weight were observed.H.villosus from the Bohai Strait exhibited smaller body size,smaller egg diameter,lower gonadosomatic index,lower absolute fecundity,and higher population extinction risk than the other populations’studied previously.Our findings contribute to understanding the status of this isolated westernmost population,and we emphasize that more efficient protection measures for the species and control measures are urgently required to improve the coastal environment in the Bohai Strait.

关于平台、劳动与媒介研究的历史回溯与理论思考

半个世纪后的今天,传播学语境下的劳动议题不再是达拉斯·斯迈兹笔下的“盲点”,而是成为“热点”。但是当下以平台化劳动为主的研究成果虽然丰硕,却也存在框架单一和概念混乱等问题。本研究尝试从媒介发展史的角度探究劳动形态与媒介发展形态之间的关系,以此理解平台化劳动的特点并尝试突破当下劳动研究“控制—反抗”的二元理论框架。传播学语境下的劳动生产伴随着不同的媒介技术发展而呈现出不同的样态;与此同时,劳动类别随着媒介的发展呈现“叠加状态”,即前一媒介发展阶段的劳动样态会延续并以新的形式在当今媒介技术生态下继续存在。现阶段平台化劳动的具身性、数据化、关系性特征正是媒介与劳动历史互动而成的结果。传播学视野下的数字劳动研究需要更多地观照媒介技术发展的底层逻辑并增加历史和对比的视野。

Optical design of vertical edge Thomson scattering on HL-2M tokamak

A vertical edge Thomson scattering(ETS) diagnostic system on HL-2M tokamak has been designed.The ETS system collects the scattered light from Nd:YAG laser(1064 nm,2 J,30 Hz,15 ns).The laser beam propagates vertically through the plasma region and the polarization is parallel to the toroidal magnetic field.A special designed Galileo-type telescope with long Rayleigh length is applied to focus the laser size and ensure collimation.A group of doubleGaussian collection lenses image the 600 mm vertical scattered region onto rectangular fiber arrays with a spatial resolution of 10 mm.The 2.20 mm × 2.86 mm fiber optic bundle consists of 130 low hydroxyl(OH) 200/220 μm(core/cladding) diameter fibers with numerical aperture NA=0.22,carrying the light to remotely located multi-channel polychromators.Effect of oblique incidence on narrow band filter has been analyzed.The designed electron temperatures range from 5 to 1000 eV and electron densities from 5 × 10^(18) to 1×10^(20) m^(-3).

浅谈指对数混合式问题的同构解法

在解题实践过程中,同构法有着重要的作用,而通过构造同构函数解决指对数混合式问题也是一种常见的思路,本文举例分析了它的三种基本模式.

武汉市青少年吸烟影响因素的路径分析

目的研究青少年吸烟的危险因素及其对吸烟的影响。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,从武汉市3个城区中抽取普通和职业高中的高一和高二学生共1 168人,1 077人完成了调查问卷。采用探索性因子分析和路径分析方法进行分析。结果过去30 d的吸烟率为10.3%,其中男生为21.0%,女生为1.8%,30 d平均吸烟量为91.3支。结果显示,影响青少年吸烟量的直接因素有4个:饮酒、社会规范、初始吸烟年龄和吸烟朋友数,其他因素都是通过这几个因素间接影响青少年吸烟量。影响吸烟的前4位因素标准回归系数估计值为饮酒(0.354 3)、朋友吸烟(0.305 0)、性别(0.182 0)、多动(0.127 5)。结论今后干预措施应着重考虑预防青少年饮酒、减少吸烟朋友数以及改变青少年对吸烟社会规范的认识,重点人群为男生和具有多动特质的儿童。

A Prediction Method Based on Improved Echo State Network for COVID-19 Nonlinear Time Series

This paper proposes a prediction method based on improved Echo State Network for COVID-19 nonlinear time series, which improves the Echo State Network from the reservoir topology and the output weight matrix, and adopt the ABC (Artificial Bee Colony) algorithm based on crossover and crowding strategy to optimize the parameters. Finally, the proposed method is simulated and the results show that it has stronger prediction ability for COVID-19 nonlinear time series.

抛物方程基于POD的降阶外推有限元格式

用特征投影分解(Proper Orthogonal Decomposition,简记POD)方法去建立二维抛物方程的一种基于POD的时间二阶精度的降阶外推有限元格式;并给出误差估计和求解这种降阶外推有限元格式的算法实现。最后用数值例子验证这种基于POD方法降阶外推有限元格式的可行性和有效性。

双二四体系固体硅橡胶不同发泡工艺比较

对以交联剂过氧化双(2,4-二氯苯甲酰)和发泡剂偶氮二异丁腈的发泡体系,研究了2种不同发泡工艺——热空气自由发泡和模压发泡——对固体硅橡胶的影响,对制备成功的固体发泡硅橡胶进行了结构和性能的表征和测试。研究结果表明,成功制备了双二四体系下的2种不同发泡工艺的固体发泡硅橡胶材料,测定了交联和发泡的匹配温度为120℃;力学性能和抗老化性能会随着交联剂和发泡剂含量的增加而提升,确定了交联剂和发泡剂的最佳质量比为1.2/3.0。

MiR-34a overexpression enhances the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin on HepG2 cells

BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the third leading cause of death from malignant tumors worldwide. More than 50% of HCC cases occur in China. The prognosis remains poor and overall efficacy is still unsatisfactory. Chemotherapy resistance is the most important reason for the poor outcome. Much progress has been made in the study of chemotherapy resistance of HCC;however, the specific mechanisms of progression of HCC have still only been partially established.Therefore, the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance in HCC requires more research.AIM To investigate the effect of miR-34 a expression on the growth inhibition of HepG2 cells by doxorubicin.METHODS A recombinant lentiviral vector containing miR-34 a was constructed and transfected into HepG2 cells. The expression of miR-34 a was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(commonly known as RT-PCR) before and after transfection. Cells were exposed to 2 μM doxorubicin or phosphatebuffered saline before and after transfection. Cell viability in each group was detected by MTT assay, and cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Changes in expression levels of phospho(p)-p53, sirtuin(SIRT) 1,cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK) 4, CDK6, BCL-2, multidrug resistance protein(MDR) 1/P glycoprotein(P-gp), and AXL were detected by Western blotting.RESULTS Recombinant lentiviral vector LV-hsa-mir-34 a was successfully constructed by restriction endonuclease digestion and sequencing. RT-PCR showed that expression of miR-34 a in HepG2 cells was significantly upregulated after transfection(P < 0.01). MTT assay showed that growth of HepG2 cells was inhibited after upregulation of miR-34 a, and viability was significantly decreased after combined treatment with doxorubicin(P < 0.01). Flow cytometry showed that the number of HepG2 cells in G1 phase increased, and G1 phase arrest was more obvious after intervention with doxorubicin(P < 0.01). The apoptosis rate of HepG2 cells was increased after upregulation of miR-34 a, and became more obvious after intervention with doxorubicin(P < 0.01). Western blotting showed that upregulation of miR-34 a combined with treatment with doxorubicin caused significant changes in the expression levels of p-p53, SIRT1, cyclin D1, CDK4,CDK6, BCL-2, MDR1/P-gp and AXL proteins(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION MiR-34 a may enhance the inhibitory effect of doxorubicin by downregulating MDR1/P-gp and AXL, which may be related to p53 expression.

Feasibility and safety of sorafenib treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with spontaneous rupture

AIM: To report the outcome of patients with ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated at a single center during a 5-year period.

Tracking Control for a Cushion Robot Based on Fuzzy Path Planning With Safe Angular Velocity

This study proposes a new nonlinear tracking control method with safe angular velocity constraints for a cushion robot. A fuzzy path planning algorithm is investigated and a realtime desired motion path of obstacle avoidance is obtained. The angular velocity is constrained by the controller, so the planned path guarantees the safety of users. According to Lyapunov theory, the controller is designed to maintain stability in terms of solutions of linear matrix inequalities and the controller's performance with safe angular velocity constraints is derived.The simulation and experiment results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method and verify that the angular velocity of the cushion robot provided safe motion with obstacle avoidance.

Geniposide, the component of the Chinese herbal formula Tongluojiunao, protects amyloid-β peptide(1–42)-mediated death of hippocampal neurons via the non-classical estrogen signaling pathway

Tongluojiunao （TLJN） is an herbal medicine consisting of two main components, geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1. TLJN has been shown to protect primary cultured hippocampal neurons. How-ever, its mechanism of action remains unclear. In the present study, primary cultured hippocampal neurons treated with Aβ1-42 （10 μmol/L） signiifcantly increased the release of lactate dehydroge-nase, which was markedly reduced by TLJN （2 μL/mL）, speciifcally by the component geniposide （26 μmol/L）, but not ginsenoside Rg1 （2.5 μmol/L）. hTe estrogen receptor inhibitor, ICI182780 （1 μmol/L）, did not block TLJN-or geniposide-mediated decrease of lactate dehydrogenase under Aβ1-42-exposed conditions. However, the phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitor, LY294002 （50 μmol/L） or U0126 （10 μmol/L）, respectively blo cked the decrease of lactate dehydrogenase mediated by TLJN or geniposide. hTerefore, these results suggest that the non-classical estrogen pathway （i.e., phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase or mitogen-activated protein kinase） is involved in the neuroprotective effect of TLJN, speciifcally its component, geniposide, against Aβ1-42-mediated cell death in primary cultured hippocampal neurons.

Characteristics of Chinese Families in Which Children and Both Parents Are Diagnosed with Malignant Tumors:A Retrospective Study

Objective To characterize Chinese families in which both parents and at least one child are diagnosed with malignant diseases and provide reference for cancer screening or early detection in people whose both parents are diagnosed with cancer.Methods Medical records of all clients to the center of cancer screening and prevention of the National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital between January 2008 and February 2018 were screened to select families in which both parents and at least one child were diagnosed with malignant diseases.The cancer profiles of fathers,mothers,sons and daughters,their age distribution at diagnosis,and similarity of cancers between two generations were analyzed.The proportions of each cancer in males and females of the cohort were compared with corresponding data from the National Cancer Center Registry of China(NCCRC)in 2013.Results Totally 13S families were identified from records of 33200 clients.Proportion of lung cancer in fathers(40/135,29.6%)and in mothers(38/135,28.1%)were higher than the national data(23.9%in males and 14.9%in females,respectively).The proportion of breast cancer in daughters(35/109,32.1%)was higher than that of mothers(14/135,10.4%)and the national data(17.1%),In 71 father-son pairs of cancer,46.5%(33/71)were of the same systematic disease,and 16.9%(12/71)were of the same cancer.These two indexes were 31.2%(n=34)and 10.1%(n=l 1),respectively in the 109 father-daughter pairs of cancer,36.6%(n=26)and 8.5%(n=6)respectively in the 71 mother-son pairs of cancer,and 31.2%(n=34)and 20.2%(n=20)respectively in the 109 mother-daughter pairs of cancer.Sons were more likely to suffer from cancers originated from the same system as father s cancer than daughters(χ^(2)=4.299,P<0.05),and daughters were more likely to suffer from the same cancer as their mother's cancer than sons(χ^(2)=4.506,P<0.05).The age(mean±standard deviation)of the daughters(52.4±12.7)and the sons(59.4±10.9)at diagnosis were significantly younger than the fathers(65.5±12.2)and the mothers(65.7±12.5)(all P<0.001)・Conclusions For people whose both parents are diagnosed as cancer,screening or early detection examinations should cover a full range of cancers rather than the cancers their father and mother have suffered,or cancers stemmed from the same system as their parents cancers.We suggest screening or early detection program for these special population start earlier than that for the general population,with emphasis on cancers derived from digestive system for males and women-specific cancers,i.e.,breast cancer,ovarian cancer,cervical cancer and uterine cancer for females.

The cost of obsessive- compulsive disorder (OCD) in China: a multi- center cross- sectional survey based on hospitals

Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD)is considered a very debilitating disorder with severe loss of quality of life and income.Aims This study estimates the quality of life and economic consequences of OCD in China.Methods The research team interviewed 639 patients with OCD in 13 hospitals in 12 cities in China.The direct method was used to get the direct cost of OCD.Indirect costs associated with OCD were estimated using the human capital approach.Linear regression analysis was conducted for quality of life and generalised linear model analysis was conducted for total cost.Sensitivity analysis was used to analyse the uncertainty of total cost.Results The mean quality of life score for OCD was 52.78(20.46).The annual total cost of OCD per capita was 24503.78(95%CI:22621.53 to 26386.03)renminbi(RMB)(US$3465.88(95%CI:US$3199.65 to US$3732.11)).The annual cost of OCD in China was estimated to be 37.74 billion(95%CI:34.95 billion to 40.53 billion)RMB(equal to US$5.34 billion(95%CI:US$4.94 billion to US$5.73 billion)).Sensitivity analysis showed that the total annual cost of OCD in China was between 23.15 billion RMB(US$3.27 billion)and 370.00 billion RMB(US$52.33 billion).Worse social function status,more psychiatric symptoms and higher Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale(Y-BOCS)score were associated with worse quality of life.The numbers of clinic visits and hospitalisations,socioeconomic status,education,Y-BOCS scores and age were found to be significantly associated with total cost.Conclusions OCD is associated with low quality of life and high costs in China.The findings call for concerted efforts to improve services for patients with OCD.Improvements may include early detection and diagnosis,the provision of evidence-based treatments and relapse prevention strategies.

完善低龄未成年人危害社会行为防治措施的路径探析

近年来,我国未达刑事责任年龄未成年人危害社会行为时有发生,亦常引发社会讨论。但是,相关报道对"肇事未成年人后续的教育矫治"情况却语焉不详。这一定程度反映出,我国对未达刑事责任年龄未成年人危害社会行为矫治工作的欠缺。从我国危害社会行为未成年人矫治措施的立法及实践情况出发,我国当前针对危害社会行为未成年人的矫治制度及实践情况并不理想。其成因在于,我国的监护人管教、社会力量介入等矫治措施缺乏相配套的启动、运行、评估制度,"强制性不力"、"操作性不强"。收容教养、治安处罚、训诫等制度存在着"协调性不够""合理性不足"等弊病。为完善未成年人危害社会行为预防与矫治措施,应细化未成年人危害社会行为类型;建立公权力主导的介入、评估、处置机制;整合现有各类矫治措施;建设专业的未成年人危害社会行为矫治队伍;构建监护人责任体系;在上述基础上,进一步完善未成年人矫治法律体系。

Krüppel-like factor 7 attenuates hippocampal neuronal injury after traumatic brain injury

Our previous study has shown that the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 7(KLF7) promotes peripheral nerve regeneration and motor function recovery after spinal cord injury.KLF7 also participates in traumatic brain injury,but its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.In the present study,an HT22 cell model of traumatic brain injury was established by stretch injury and oxygenglucose deprivation.These cells were then transfected with an adeno-associated virus carrying KLF7(AAV-KLF7).The results revealed that,after stretch injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation,KLF7 greatly reduced apoptosis,activated caspase-3 and lactate dehydrogenase,downregulated the expression of the apoptotic markers B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)-associated X protein(Bax) and cleaved caspase-3,and increased the expression of βIII-tubulin and the antiapoptotic marker Bcl-2.Furthermore,KLF7 overexpression upregulated Janus kinase 2(JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) phosphorylation in HT22 cells treated by stretch injury and oxygenglucose deprivation.Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that KLF7 directly participated in the phosphorylation of STAT3.In addition,treatment with AG490,a selective inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3,weakened the protective effects of KLF7.A mouse controlled cortical impact model of traumatic brain injury was then established.At 30 minutes before modeling,AAV-KLF7 was injected into the ipsilateral lateral ventricle.The protein and m RNA levels of KLF7 in the hippocampus were increased at 1 day after injury and recovered to normal levels at 3 days after injury.KLF7 reduced ipsilateral hippocampal atrophy,decreased the injured cortex volume,downregulated Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression,and increased the number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine-positive neurons and Bcl-2 protein expression.Moreover,KLF7 transfection greatly enhanced the phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the ipsilateral hippocampus.These results suggest that KLF7 may protect hippocampal neurons after traumatic brain injury through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Mudanjiang Medical University,China(approval No.mdjyxy-2018-0012) on March 6,2018.

Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study of 87 patients in a teaching hospital

Objective: The aim of the study was to review the management of ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a single teaching hospital over 13-year period; to determine the prognostic factor of in-hospital mortality and evaluate the safety and efficacy of liver resection. Methods: A retrospective collection of medical records of 87 patients with spontaneous ruptured HCC was carried out. The 28 patients underwent emergency intervention including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and laparotomy with/without liver resection. Conservative treatment was performed in 59 patients and 16 of which underwent delayed hepatectomy or TACE. Results: The overall in-hospital mortality and median survival time was 54% and 22 days respectively. Albumin level (OR = 0.874, 95% CI: 0.778-0.973, P = 0.024), number of tumors (OR = 5.011, 95% CI: 1.015-24.750, P = 0.048) and laparotomy (OR = 0.069, 95% CI: 0.012-0.406, P = 0.003) were all independent factors affecting overall in-hospital mortality, but for patients undergone laparotomy, only total bilirubin level (OR = 1.138, 95% CI: 1.024-1.264, P = 0.016) was independent factor affecting overall in-hospital mortality. Age, total bilirubin level, maximum tumor size, number of tumors, portal vein tumor thrombosis and extra-hepatic metastasis were all significantly different between groups with laparotomy and without. There were no significant differences between emergency and delayed liver resection groups in in-hospital mortality (0 vs. 0), median survival time (788 vs. 750 days respectively) as well as 1-year and 3-year survival rates (66.7%, 44.4% vs. 70%, 30%, respectively) (P = 0.763, log-rank test). Conclusion: Both underlying chronic liver disease and tumor stage can affect the in-hospital mortality, but for patients undergone laparotomy, only total bilirubin level is independent factor. Surgeons are more prone to choose patients with younger age, better liver function and earlier tumor stage to do surgery. In well selected patients, both emergency and delayed liver resections are safe and could achieve prolonged survival.

Involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity

Previous studies have shown that mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） signaling pathways are involved in N-methyI-D-aspartate （NMDA）-mediated excitotoxicity. However, a systematic observation or analysis of the role of these various MAPK pathways in excitotoxicity processes does not exist. The present study further evaluated the role and contribution of three MAPK pathways extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAPK in an NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity model using MAPK^specific inhibitor. Results demonstrated that c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 and/or p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 inhibited NMDA-induced reduction in cell viability, as well as reduced NMDA-induced lactate dehydrogenase leakage and reactive oxygen species production. However, PD98059, an inhibitor of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, did not influence this model. Results demonstrated an involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK, but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase, in NMDA-mediated excitotoxicity in cortical neurons.

High-speed VUV spectroscopy for edge impurity line emission measurements in HL-2A tokamak

A 20 cm focal length normal incidence vacuum ultraviolet （VUV_20 cm） monochromator with a fast time response has been developed for measuring edge impurity line emission in the wavelength range of 300-2000 A on an HL-2A tokamak. An aberration corrected concave holographic grating with 1200 grooves/mm is adopted in the monochromator, which provides a wavelength dispersion of 40 A mm-1. The aperture is f/4.5. A channel electron multiplier is used as a detector. The time resolution of the system is 17 μs. Wavelength calibration of the system has been done by using a hollow cathode light source in the laboratory with helium and argon gases. The obtained signals of helium and argon spectra are very strong since the inner surface of the monochromator vacuum chamber is blackened and the stray light level is then significantly reduced. The optical property of the system has been examined by scanning the width of the entrance and exit slits. The system is then installed at the mid-port of the HL-2A tokamak and typical line emissions from the HL-2A plasma are measured. Time behaviors of edge impurity line emissions are observed with the fast time response system in different plasma confinement regimes, especially in the H-mode discharges. The result shows that the VUV_20 cm system works very well to measure the edge impurity line emissions in the edge localized modes phase of H-mode discharges.