A New Anthranquinone Glycoside from the Seeds of Cassia obtusifolia

A new anthraquinone glycoside, emodin-1-O-β-gentiobioside 1, together with threeknown compounds, chrysophanol-1-O-β-gentiobioside 2, physcion-8-O-β-gentiobioside 3, andchrysophanol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside4 was isolated from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. Its structure was elucidated on the basis ofspectroscopic evidence.

Surface-particle-emulsion heat transfer model between fluidized bed and horizontal immersed tube

A mathematical model, surface-particle-emulsion heat transfer model, ispresented by considering voidage variance in emulsion in the vicinity of an immersed surface. Heattransfer near the surface is treated by dispersed particles touching the surface and through theemulsion when the distance from the surface is greater than the diameter of a particle. A film withan adjustable thickness which separates particles from the surface is not introduced in this model.The coverage ratio of particles on the surface is calculated by a stochastic model of particlepacking density on a surface. By comparison of theoretical solutions with experimental data fromsome references, the mathematical model shows better qualitative and quantitative prediction forlocal heat transfer coefficients around a horizontal immersed tube in a fluidized bed.

Dynamic process of trace boron non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation and the effect of cooling rate

The dynamic process of non-equilibrium grain boundary segregation of traceboron in Fe-40 percent Ni alloy during cooling and the effect of cooling rate were investigated byboron tracking autoradiography technique. The results indicate that during cooling process, theamount of segregated boron on grain boundary firstly increases fast, then enters a comparativelyeven increasing stage and increases rapidly again at the third stage. The details of each stagevaried with cooling rate are explained. When the segregation develops to a certain degree, thesegregated boron atoms transform from solute status to precipitate status.

Temperature distribution and control in liquefied petroleum gas fluidized beds

Temperature distribution and control have been investigated in a liquefiedpetroleum gas (LPG) fluidized bed with hollow corundum spheres (A1_2O_3) of 0.867-1.212 mm indiameter at moderately high temperatures (800-1100℃). Experiments were carried out for the airconsumption coefficient α in the range of 0.3 to 1.0 and the fluidization number N in the range of1.3 to 3.0. Particle properties, initial bed height, α and N all affect temperature distribution inthe bed. Bed temperature can be adjusted about 200℃ by combined the adjusting of α and N.

Structural and physical properties of permalloy thin films prepared by DC magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperature

Permalloy Ni_(80)Fe_(20) films have been grown on thermal oxidized Si (111)wafers by magnetron sputtering at well-controlled substrate temperatures of 300, 500, 640 and 780 Kin 0.65 Pa argon pressure. The base pressure was about 1x10^(-4) Pa. The deposition rate was about 5nm/min for all the films. The structure of the films was studied using X-ray diffraction, scanningelectron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The composition of the films was analyzed usingscanning Auger microprobe. The resistance and magnetoresistance of the films were measured usingfour-point probe technique. The results show that the content of oxygen in the films decreasesgradually with raising substrate temperature. In addition, the surface morphology of the filmspresents notable change with the increasing of the substrate temperature; the residual gases anddefects decrease and the grains have coalesced evidently, and then the grains have grown upobviously and the texture of (111) orientation develops gradually in the growing film. As a result,the resistivity reduces apparently and magnetoresistance ratio increases markedly with raisingsubstrate temperature.