Research on Practical Teaching of Ideological and Political Courses in Colleges and Universities and Collaborative Education in the Second Classroom

In today’s society,the need for talent training is of utmost importance due to rapid development.To achieve high-quality talent training,we need to focus on building a collaborative education mechanism.Practical teaching and the second classroom,which serve as important carriers of educational talents,must align their educational goals and complement each other.This article explores the collaborative education mechanism of the second classroom and practical teaching for the ideological and political courses in colleges and universities.It proposes reasonable construction measures to provide some guidelines for teaching work.

Reliability Modeling and Evaluation of Complex Multi-State System Based on Bayesian Networks Considering Fuzzy Dynamic of Faults

In the traditional reliability evaluation based on the Bayesian method,the failure probability of nodes is usually expressed by the average failure rate within a period of time.Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional Bayesian network reliability evaluation methods,this paper proposes a Bayesian network reliability evaluation method considering dynamics and fuzziness.The fuzzy theory and the dynamic of component failure probability are introduced to construct the dynamic fuzzy set function.Based on the solving characteristics of the dynamic fuzzy set and Bayesian network,the fuzzy dynamic probability and fuzzy dynamic importance degree of the fault state of leaf nodes are solved.Finally,through the dynamic fuzzy reliability analysis of CNC machine tool hydraulic system balance circuit,the application of this method in system reliability evaluation is verified,which provides support for fault diagnosis of CNC machine tools.

SM-PCR技术检测血浆ctDNA在晚期肺腺癌患者治疗中的应用

目的:探讨单分子PCR(single molecule-PCR,SM-PCR)技术检测血浆ctDNA在晚期肺腺癌患者治疗中的应用。方法:分析2017年6月至2018年5月就诊于天津医科大学肿瘤医院的晚期肺腺癌患者30例,使用SM-PCR技术富集血液样本目标基因(EG-FR、KRAS、BRAF、ALK、HER2、TP53)区域的ctDNA片段,构建测序文库,进行高通量测序;使用基于扩增阻滞突变系统(amplication refractory mutation system,ARMS)实时荧光PCR法进行肿瘤组织样本EGFR检测,比较血浆与组织表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变检测结果的一致性。结果:SM-PCR与ARMS-PCR两种方法检测结果一致性较好(Kappa=0.867,P<0.001);McNemar检验亦提示检测结果差异无统计学意义(P=0.500)。结论:SM-PCR技术可用于血浆EGFR突变检测,其目标检测位点更全面,且可同时检测多种突变,分析结果更为精细,可实现绝对定量。

Erratum to“Targeted Genotyping of a Whole-Gene Repertoire by an Ultrahigh-Multiplex and Flexible HD-Marker Approach”[Engineering 13(2022)186–196]

There was a mistake in affiliation a,the correct one should be“MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding and Sars-Fang Center,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China”as updated above;Affiliations c and d should be reversed:Affiliation c should be“Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China,”and the affiliation d should be“Laboratory of Tropical Marine Germplasm Resources and Breeding Engineering,Sanya Oceanographic Institution,Ocean University of China,Sanya 572000,China.”

Detection and Prevention of Environmental Hormone

The sorts and detection methods of environmental hormone were analyzed firstly,and then the effects of environmental hormone on organisms and humanity were discussed. Finally the control measures of environmental hormone pollution,such as reducing the use of goods and pesticide and the study of new substitutes and degradation technology are advanced.

Targeted Genotyping of a Whole-Gene Repertoire by an Ultrahigh-Multiplex and Flexible HD-Marker Approach

Targeted genotyping is an extremely powerful approach for the detection of known genetic variations that are biologically or clinically important.However,for non-model organisms,large-scale target geno-typing in a cost-effective manner remains a major challenge.To address this issue,we present an ultrahigh-multiplex,in-solution probe array-based high-throughput diverse marker genotyping(HD-Marker)approach that is capable of targeted genotyping of up to 86000 loci,with coverage of the whole gene repertoire,in what is a 27-fold and six-fold multiplex increase in comparison with the conventional Illumina GoldenGate and original HD-Marker assays,respectively.We perform extensive analyses of var-ious ultrahigh-multiplex levels of HD-Marker(30 k-plex,56 k-plex,and 86 k-plex)and show the power and excellent performance of the proposed method with an extremely high capture rate(about 96%)and genotyping accuracy(about 96%).With great advantages in terms of cost(as low as 0.0006 USD per geno-type)and high technical flexibility,HD-Marker is a highly efficient and powerful tool with broad appli-cation potential for genetic,ecological,and evolutionary studies of non-model organisms.

Atmospheric iron deposition in a megacity of northwest China:Solubility,speciation,and deposition fluxes

Atmospheric iron has crucial effects on biogeochemical cycles,atmospheric processing,global climate,and human health.In this study,atmospheric dustfall samples were collected from six functional areas in Xi'an,China,from 2020 to 2021.The spatiotemporal distributions and deposition fluxes of total and water-soluble(ws)Fe as well as the speciation and potential sources of ws-Fe were characterized.Industrial areas had the highest concentrations of total Fe and ws-Fe,which were mainly due to copious emissions of heavy metals during manufacturing.The total Fe concentrations peaked in spring,primarily due to the substantial input of crustal dust,which also led to the lowest Fe solubility in this season.By contrast,the highest levels of ws-Fe occurred during winter due to an increase in biomass combustion.Among the water-soluble forms,ws-Fe(II)was dominant and accounted for 74.8%of the total amount of ws-Fe.Crustal dust was the main contributor to total Fe,whereas biomass burning primarily contributed to peak ws-Fe concentrations.The average total and ws-Fe deposition fluxes in Xi'an were the highest in spring and lowest in autumn,which were related to the distributions of the dustfall deposition fluxes and their Fe contents during these periods.Our study provided a broader and comprehensive understanding of atmospheric iron deposition in Chinese urban area,which is of positive significance for understanding atmospheric chemistry and global climate change.

原发性先天性青光眼儿童的视力分析

目的:评估原发性先天性青光眼(PCG)患儿抗青光眼术后眼压控制后的视力状况并分析视力损害的影响因素。方法:回顾性系列病例研究。收集2017年6月至2018年2月在中山眼科中心接受青光眼手术治疗后眼压控制(眼压≤21 mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)的45例(72眼)PCG患儿的详细资料,包括性别、年龄、受累眼别、发病年龄、术前眼压/角膜直径/眼轴、首次手术年龄、手术类型/次数、术前及末次随访使用降眼压药情况、视力、末次随访杯盘比及视网膜神经纤维层厚度、眼部伴随疾病等。按末次随访的最佳矫正视力(BCVA)将患眼分为3组:较好组(≥0.4)、中等组(0.3~0.1)和较差组(<0.1)。采用t检验、χ2检验和多因素Logistic回归分析视力损害(≤0.3)的危险因素。结果:45例患儿在末次随访时的BCVA(logMAR)为0.61±0.60,较好组、中等组及较差组分别占54%、35%和11%;等效球镜度为(-4.07±4.94)D,近视眼占50%。末次随访最常见的眼部伴随疾病是角膜混浊(36%)。发病年龄、术前用降眼压药数、首次手术年龄、手术次数及角膜混浊与视力预后相关(P<0.1);多因素Logistic回归分析显示多次手术(OR=6.252,95%CI:1.174~33.285,P=0.032)是抗青光眼术后视力预后差的主要危险因素。结论:经手术治疗眼压控制的PCG患眼约50%可获得较好的视力;多次手术是影响PCG患儿术后视力的主要危险因素。早期发现并尽早手术控制眼压,术后治疗伴随症状并及时矫正屈光不正,有可能降低PCG患儿严重视力损害的发生率。

Olivine Compositional Mapping of Mafic-Ultramafic Complexes in Eastern Xinjiang(NW China):Implications for Cu-Ni Mineralization and Tectonic Dynamics

Early Permian mafic-ultramafic complexes in eastern Xinjiang （新疆） are mainly distributed in the Beishan （北山） area, Mid-Tianshan （天山） massif and Jueluotage （觉罗塔塔） belt. Systematic compositional mapping of olivines from these Early Permian mafic-ultramafic complexes demonstrates that an apparently spatial distribution and heterogeneous partial melting in the mantle source exists from the Beishan area, across the Mid-Tianshan massif, to the Jueluotage belt from the south to the north. This is probably consistent with the spatial evolutional differences and tectonic features of these three belts. The decreasing degree of partial melting, as revealed by decreasing Fo contents of olivines, from south to north and from east to west reflects the southward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and the south location of the indistinct mantle plume in the Permian. Simultan ously, NiO and Fo-mapping in olivine also indicates that sulfide segregation before olivine crystallization played an important role in Ni-Cu mineralization in the mafic-ultramafic complexes. Olivines with the compositional range of Fo （77-86） and NiO （less than 0.22 wt.%） are more favorable for Ni-Cu sulfide mineralization.

The origin of arc basalts:New advances and remaining questions

Whether arc magmatism occurs above oceanic subduction zones is the forefront of studies on convergent plate margins.The most important petrologic issue related to the evolution of arc systems is the origin of arc magmatism,among which arc basalts are the most important one because they provide insights into mantle enrichment mechanism and crust-mantle interaction at oceanic subduction zones.Fluids or melts released either by dehydration or by melting of subducting oceanic slab infiltrate and metasomatize the overlying mantle wedge at varying depth,leading to the formation of source regions of arc basalts.Such processes make most of arc basalts commonly enriched in large ion lithosphile elements and light rare earth elements,but depleted in high-field strength elements and heavy rare earth elements.Small amounts of arc basalts are characterized by relatively high Nb contents or by Nb enrichment.Rare basalts with compositions similar to ocean island basalts or mid-ocean ridge basalt also occur in arc systems.For these peculiar rocks,it remains debated whether their source is affected by subduction-related components.During their ascent and before their eruption,arc basaltic magmas are subjected to crystal fractionation,mixing and crustal contamination.In addition to the contribution of subducting slab components to the mantle source of arc basalts,the materials above the subducting slab at forearc depths would have been transported either by drag or by subduction erosion into the subarc mantle and into the source of arc magmas.Heats and materials brought by corner flows also play important roles in the generation of arc basalts.Despite the important progresses made in recent studies of arc basalts,further efforts are needed to investigate subarc mantle metasomatism,material recycling,the formation of arc magma sources,geodynamic mechanism in generating arc basalts,and their implicationd s for the initiation of plate tectonics on Earth.

Enhanced energy-storage performance in a flexible film capacitor with coexistence of ferroelectric and polymorphic antiferroelectric domains

Advances in flexible electronics are driving dielectric capacitors with high energy storage density toward flexibility and miniaturization.In the present work,an all-inorganic thin film dielectric capacitor with the coexistence of ferroelectric(FE)and antiferroelectric(AFE)phases based on Pb_(0.96)La_(0.04)(Zr_(0.95)Ti_(0.05))O_(3)(PLZT)was prepared on a 2D fluorophlogopite mica substrate via a simple one-step process.The flexible capacitor exhibits a high recoverable energy density(U_(rec))of z 44.2 J/cm^(3),a large electric breakdown strength(E BDS)of 3011 kV/cm,excellent frequency stability(500 Hz-20 kHz)and high thermal stability over 30-190℃.It also demonstrates an outstanding bending endurance,which can maintain a high energy storage performance under various bending radii(R=2-10 mm)or 103 repeated bends at 4 mm.The FE phase is stable near the film surface and the interface with the bottom electrode.The AFE phase with multi-domains has incommensurate modulation structures with super-periodicity of 6.5,6.9 and 5.2.It indicates that the PLZT/LNO/F-Mica capacitor has high potential for energy storage application and may provide great opportunities for exploring new energy storage materials.

Modulating a Local Shape Descriptor through Biologically Inspired Color Feature

This paper presents a biologically inspired local image descriptor that combines color and shape features. Compared with previous descriptors, red-cyan cells associated with L, M, and S cones （L for long, M for medium, and S for short） are used to indicate one of the opponent color channels. Stepping forward from state-of-the-art color feature extraction, we exploit a new approach to compute the color orientation and magnitudes of three opponent color channels, namely, red-green, blue-yellow, and red-cyan, in two-dimensional space. Color orientation is calculated in histograms with magnitude weighting. We linearly concatenate the four-color-opponent-channel histogram and scale-invariant-feamre-transform histogram in the final step. We apply our biologically inspired descriptor to describe the local image feature. Quantitative comparisons with state-of-the-art descriptors demonstrate the significant advantages of maintaining invariance to photometric and geometric changes in image matching, particularly in cases, such as illumination variation and image blurring, where more color contrast information is observed.

Impact of friction stir welding on recrystallization of oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steel

Oxide dispersion strengthened （ODS） steels can be used as the structural materials in the future fusion reactors and the fuel cladding materials in the advanced fission reactors. However, the weldability of ODS steels is a severe problem. In the present study, defect-free joints of the 15Cr-ODS ferritic steel were achieved by friction stir welding at different rotation speeds. The recrystallization, hardness and tensile properties are highly related with the rotation speed of the stir tool. The higher rotation speed results in coarser grains in the top SZ, while the grain size exhibits more complicated relation with the rotation speed in the SZ center. The joint welded at 250 rpm exhibits a maximum tensile strength of 974 MPa that reaches about 84% of that of the base metal.

Effect of Deuterium Ion Implantation on Microstructures of Fe-M (M=V, W, Ta) Alloys

To study the effect of tungsten, vanadium and tantalum on the microstructures in CLAM （China Low Activation Martensitic） steel after irradiation respectively, the microstructures of Fe-M （M= V ,W, Ta） model alloys were investigated after implanted deuterium ions using an ion accelerator at 773 K. After implanted deuterium ion, TEM （Transmission Electron Microscope） observation and EDX （Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrom） analysis have been carried out. The result showed that tiny voids were observed in all model alloys after implanted the same dose of deuterium ions. The swelling rate in FeTa alloy was the smallest among the three alloys. Unlike FeW and FeV alloys, there was the segregation in FeTa alloy under a fluence of 5×1017D＋ /cm2 at 773 K. A theoretical analysis showed that the void growth in FeTa alloy slowed down due to tantalum segregation near voids. It indicates that tantalum plays an important role in the improved irradiation resistance of CLAM steel.