Volume transport in the East Taiwan Channel in response to diff erent tracks of typhoons as revealed by HYCOM data

Northward infl ow through the East Taiwan Channel is vital in modulation of water exchange processes off northeastern Taiwan,China.In addition to the eff ects of the Kuroshio Current and westward-propagating oceanic mesoscale eddies,the seas off eastern Taiwan,China,are frequently infl uenced by typhoons.Focusing on extrema of East Taiwan Channel volume transport(ETCVT)that appear within days of typhoon infl uence,this study investigated 124 historical cyclones including 91 typhoons that passed over the study sea area off eastern Taiwan,China.Based on 25-year HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)data,71%of short-term(within 10 d)ETCVT absolute values with>5 Sv occurred under the infl uence of typhoons crossing the study sea area,and the maximum short-term ETCVT extrema induced by typhoons were 12.5 and-10.9 Sv.The ETCVT extrema induced by typhoons showed reasonable positive correlation with typhoon wind speed.More importantly,the ETCVT extrema diff ered in response to diff erent typhoon tracks.Three types of typhoon were identifi ed based on their track and impact on ETCVT.Representative typhoon cases were examined to elucidate the specifi cs of each typical response.Based on historical best track data and HYCOM data,it was established that Type I typhoons caused the ETCVT to exhibit a negative extremum followed by a positive extremum.All Type I,II,and III typhoons tended to result in typical ETCVT fl uctuations in the surface mixing layer above the depth of 50-100 m,while Type II typhoons were more likely to induce ETCVT fl uctuations in the subsurface layer.The fi ndings of this study enhance understanding of ETCVT extrema that occur following typhoon passage,which is valuable for short-term physical-biogeochemical studies both in the study region and in areas downstream owing to the large net volume transport changes induced by typhoons.

Heterogeneous Network Embedding: A Survey

Real-world complex networks are inherently heterogeneous;they have different types of nodes,attributes,and relationships.In recent years,various methods have been proposed to automatically learn how to encode the structural and semantic information contained in heterogeneous information networks(HINs)into low-dimensional embeddings;this task is called heterogeneous network embedding(HNE).Efficient HNE techniques can benefit various HIN-based machine learning tasks such as node classification,recommender systems,and information retrieval.Here,we provide a comprehensive survey of key advancements in the area of HNE.First,we define an encoder-decoder-based HNE model taxonomy.Then,we systematically overview,compare,and summarize various state-of-the-art HNE models and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various model categories to identify more potentially competitive HNE frameworks.We also summarize the application fields,benchmark datasets,open source tools,andperformance evaluation in theHNEarea.Finally,wediscuss open issues and suggest promising future directions.We anticipate that this survey will provide deep insights into research in the field of HNE.

Development of gated fiber detectors for laser-induced strong electromagnetic pulse environments

With the development of laser technologies,nuclear reactions can happen in high-temperature plasma environments induced by lasers and have attracted a lot of attention from different physical disciplines.However,studies on nuclear reactions in plasma are still limited by detecting technologies.This is mainly due to the fact that extremely high electromagnetic pulses(EMPs)can also be induced when high-intensity lasers hit targets to induce plasma,and then cause dysfunction of many types of traditional detectors.Therefore,new particle detecting technologies are highly needed.In this paper,we report a recently developed gated fiber detector which can be used in harsh EMP environments.In this prototype detector,scintillating photons are coupled by fiber and then transferred to a gated photomultiplier tube which is located far away from the EMP source and shielded well.With those measures,the EMPs can be avoided which may result that the device has the capability to identify a single event of nuclear reaction products generated in laser-induced plasma from noise EMP backgrounds.This new type of detector can be widely used as a time-of-flight(TOF)detector in high-intensity laser nuclear physics experiments for detecting neutrons,photons,and other charged particles.

长日照对光周期敏感型大豆顶生花序发育的影响

顶生花序是识别大豆类型的重要组分，在本研究中，选用晚熟且对光周期敏感的大豆，研究长日照对此大豆顶生花序形成和发育的影响。出苗后，大豆幼苗经12h短日照，光周期13d，以便诱导顶生花序的开始。然后，

GraphFlow+:Exploiting Conversation Flow in Conversational Machine Comprehension with Graph Neural Networks

The conversation machine comprehension(MC)task aims to answer questions in the multi-turn conversation for a single passage.However,recent approaches don’t exploit information from historical conversations effectively,which results in some references and ellipsis in the current question cannot be recognized.In addition,these methods do not consider the rich semantic relationships between words when reasoning about the passage text.In this paper,we propose a novel model GraphFlow+,which constructs a context graph for each conversation turn and uses a unique recurrent graph neural network(GNN)to model the temporal dependencies between the context graphs of each turn.Specifically,we exploit three different ways to construct text graphs,including the dynamic graph,static graph,and hybrid graph that combines the two.Our experiments on CoQA,QuAC and DoQA show that the GraphFlow+model can outperform the state-of-the-art approaches.

Fractional Flow Reserve Guided Percutaneous Coronary ntervention Improves Clinical Outcome with Reduced Cost in Contemporary Clinical Practice

Background：Fractional flow reserve （FFR） is currently considered as the gold standard for evaluating the functional significance of coronary stenosis.However,its potential benefits in real-world practice remain unknown in China.This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the use of FFR is associated with improved outcome and reduced cost in Chinese real-world clinical practice.Methods：A retrospective cohort study was carried out using the database of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University,a tertiary and high-volume center in China.Clinical events were compared using the Cox proportional hazards model during a median follow-up of 13 months.Results：The study cohort consisted of 366 consecutive patients referred for coronary revascularization with adjunct FFR and 366 matched controls,from 2010 to 2014.Major adverse cardiac events （MACEs） （death,myocardial infarction,repeated revascularization,or hospitalization for angina） at 4 years were found in 12.0% ofangiography-guided patients and 4.9% in the FFR-guided group （P 〈 0.001）.The mean number of implanted stents was significantly lower in FFR treated subjects （0.52 ± 0.82 stents） compared with the angiography-guided group （0.93 ± 0.96 stents） （P 〈 0.001）.No difference in overall costs at initial hospitalization was observed between angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） compared with FFR-guided PCI （RMB 33,000 Yuan,range：RMB 7393-44,700 Yuan） versus RMB 21,200 Yuan （RMB 19,100-47,100 Yuan） （P =0.54）.However,costs for MACEs during follow-up were significantly reduced in the FFR-guided arm （P 〈 0.001）.Conclusions：In the contemporary clinical practice,FFR-guided PCI is associated with decreased use of stents,improved clinical outcome,and reduced costs,compared with angiography-guided PCI.

Meta-analysis of C242T polymorphism in CYBA genes: risk of acute coronary syndrome is lower in Asians but not in Caucasians

Background：A lot of studies have demonstrated that C242T polymorphism in CYBA genes may play an important role in the pathological process of acute coronary syndrome （ACS）. However, the results are not consistent. To further evaluate this debate, we performed a meta-analysis to determine the relationship between C242T poly-morphism and ACS. Methods and results：We screened PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCIO, and EMBASE research reports until Mar. 2014 and extracted data from 10 studies involving 6102 ACS patients and 8669 controls. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity documented a significant decreased risk of ACS for C242T polymorphism in the Asian population under al elic comparison （odd ratio （OR） 0.73;95%confidence intervals （CI） 0.64–0.83）, dominant model （OR 0.71;95%CI 0.62–0.82）, and homozygote comparison （OR 0.57;95%CI 0.35–0.92）. However, in the overal population and es-pecial y with Caucasians, no significant association was uncovered. Further meta-regression analysis revealed that the heterogeneity among studies was largely attributed to ethnicity. No publication bias was detected through a funnel plot and an Egger’s linear regression test. Conclusions： Taken together, our results suggest that the C242T poly-morphism might be a protective factor against developing ACS in the Asian population. Further researches wil be needed to identify the confounding factors which modified the protective effect of T al ele among Caucasians.

Water Vapor Transport Related to the Interdecadal Shift of Summer Precipitation over Northern East Asia in the Late 1990s

In this study, an interdecadal shift of summer precipitation over northern East Asia （NEA） was identified, demon-strating that summer precipitation decreased abruptly after 1998/99. The synchronous shift in summer moisture budget and water vapor transport over NEA was further investigated by using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. The results indicate that water vapor transported northward into NEA from three low-latitude paths was limited because most water vapor was transported eastward. Water vapor transported from the westerly path in mid-high （WMH） lat-itudes exhibited significant correlations with summer precipitation in NEA and experienced a significant adjustment in the late 1990s. Regarding the spatial distributions of water vapor transport, less input was found through the west-ern boundary while more output occurred through the eastern boundary of NEA, and zonal water vapor transport fluxes mainly concentrated at the low to middle levels, which led to the summer precipitation shift in NEA around the late 1990s. Furthermore, it is also confirmed that the wind anomalies （rather than the moisture disturbance） as the dominant internal dynamic factor and Pacific Decadal Oscillation/Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation （PDO/AMO） as possible external force played important roles in influencing the water vapor transport and causing the summer pre-cipitation shift over NEA in the late 1990s.

Finding Nuggets in Patent Portfolios: Core Patent Mining and Its Applications

Patents are critically important for a company to protect its core business concepts and proprietary technologies. Effective patent mining in massive patent databases not only provides business enterprises with valuable insights to develop strategies for research and development, intellectual property management, and product marketing, but also helps patent offices to improve efficiency and optimize their patent examination processes. This paper describes the patent mining problem of automatically discovering core patents （i.e., novel and influential patents in a domain）. In addition, the value of core patent mining is illustrated by revealing the potential competitive relationships among companies in their core patents. The work addresses the unique patent vocabulary usage which is not considered in traditional word-based statistical methods with a topic-based temporal mining approach that quantifies a patent＇s novelty and influence through topic activeness variations. Tests of this method on real-world patent portfolios show the effectiveness of this approach over state-of-the-art methods.

Nonlinear excitation controller design for power systems:an I&I approach

The Immersion and Invariance （I＆I） methodology provides a novel approach for nonlinear system control, which is distinct from the traditional feedback linearization and backstepping method. In this paper, a new excitation controller is designed for single machine infinite bus system （SMIBS） based on the I＆I approach. Firstly the dynamic model of SMIBS is homeomorphously transformed to a specific form for which a stable lower-order target system is selected. Then the I＆I excitation controller is designed by immersing the transformed system into the target system. Simulation results from PSCAD/EMTDC demonstrate that the proposed controller guarantees transient stability of the system after large disturbances.

以三价钬离子为桥联剂的上转换纳米粒子能量传递新策略

镧系掺杂上转换纳米粒子(UCNPs)由于其具有独特优点而被广泛研究.目前最受青睐的980 nm激发UCNPs仍是经典的Yb–A耦合纳米体系(A=Er^(3+),Tm^(3+)和Ho^(3+)).但是,仅具有单个激发态(2F5/2)的Yb^(3+)因缺乏匹配的激发态能级而难以向一些其他受体离子传递能量.在本文中我们提出了一种能量传递新策略,即以Ho^(3+)为桥联剂来连接原本难以进行直接能量传递的供体–受体对(如Yb^(3+)–Nd^(3+)),并探究了供体、桥联剂和受体间所涉及的能量传输机制.此外,我们发现Ho^(3+)离子间能进行能量迁移,使得Ho^(3+)次晶格内可发生长距离的能量输运,同时证实Ho^(3+)作为桥联剂亦可实现粒子间的能量转移而获得上转换发光.我们设计的NaYbF_(4):40%Ho@NaYF_(4):10%Nd核壳纳米粒子表现出多模态响应性,即在不同激发波长下可发出不同颜色的光,其被证明适用于高等级防伪和信息识别.总之,这些研究结果有助于深入理解Ho^(3+)桥联剂在能量传递上转换中的功能机制,并为拓宽能量传递途径及精细操控光子上转换提供了方法策略.

稀土上转换发光纳米材料的防伪安全应用

与有机荧光染料、量子点等传统发光材料相比,稀土上转换发光纳米材料(UCNPs)具有反斯托克斯位移大、发光谱带多且狭窄、荧光寿命长、光化稳定性高、无光闪烁和光漂白等独特优势,将其与图形编码、防伪印刷技术结合可获得难以仿冒的隐形荧光图案,这已经成为防伪安全领域的应用研究热点。本文首先介绍了UCNPs的上转换发光机理及其合成方法,然后阐述近年来UCNPs在防伪安全领域的研究现状,归纳总结出上转换防伪安全图案的四种形式(NIR单波长激发、NIR双波长激发、NIR/UV双波长激发以及三波长激发)。最后,本文指出UCNPs应用于防伪安全领域所面临的问题与挑战,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。

Effect of Tai Chi exercise on blood lipid profiles: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Objective： Studies have demonstrated that Tai Chi exercise improves blood lipid level with inconsistent results. A meta-analysis was conducted to quantify the effects of Tai Chi on blood lipid profiles in humans. Methods： We screened the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library （Central）, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, Wanfang data, and Clinicaltrials.gov for randomized controlled trials with Physio- therapy Evidence Database （PEDro） score more than 3 points up to June 2015. Six studies involving 445 subjects were included. Most trials applied 12-week Tai Chi intervention courses. Results： In comparison with the control group, blood triglyceride （TG） level difference between follow-up and baseline was statistically significantly lower in the Tai Chi practicing group （weighted mean difference （WMD） -16.81 mg/dl; 95% confidence intervals （CI） -31.27 to -2.35 mg/dl; P=-0.02）. A trend to improving total cholesterol （TC） reduction was found with Tai Chi （WMD -7.96 mg/dl; 95% CI -17.30 to 1.39 mg/dl; P=-0.10）. However, no difference was found in blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）. Conclusions： Tai Chi exercise lowered blood TG level with a trend to decrease blood TC level. Our data suggest that Tai Chi has the potential to implement meaningful blood lipid modification and serve as an adjunctive exercise modality. The relationship between Tai Chi exercise regimen and lipid profile change might have a scientific priority for future investigation.

Gorham-Stout syndrome in China's Mainland:a case series of 67 patients and review of the literature

Objective:Gorham-Stout syndrome (GSS) is a rare disorder of uncertain etiology and unpredictable prognosis. This study aims to present a comprehensive understanding of this rare entity. Methods:A literature search in PubMed and three Chinese databases was performed to screen histologically proven GSS cases among Chinese residents in the mainland. We analyzed the patients' clinical characteristics, the value of different treatment modalities and their influence on the clinical outcome. Results:Sixty-seven cases were finally enrolled. There were 43 men (64.2%) and 24 women (35.8%). The mean age at diagnosis was 28 years (1.5-71 years). The most common clinical symptoms included pain (n=40, 59.7%), functional impairment (n=13, 19.4%), and swelling (n=12, 17.9%). The radiographic presentation of 37 cases (55.2%) was disappearance of a portion of the bone. The others presented as radiolucent foci in the intramedullary or subcortical regions. A total of 42 cases provided data on therapy, these included surgery (n=27, 40.3%), radiation therapy (n=6, 9.0%), surgery combined with radiation therapy (n=2, 3.0%), and medicine therapy (n=7, 10.4%). For 30 of these 42 cases, follow-up data were available:21 cases had the disorder locally controlled and 9 had a symptom progression. Fortunately, the disease is not fatal in the majority of cases. Conclusions:GSS has no specific symptoms and it should be taken into consideration when an unclear massive osteolysis occurs. The efficacies of different treatment modalities are still unpredictable and further research is required to assess the values of different treatments.

Cholesterol-associated lysosomal disorder triggers cell death of hematological malignancy:Dynamic analysis on cytotoxic effects of LW-218

The integrity of lysosomes is of vital importance to survival of tumor cells.We demonstrated that LW-218,a synthetic flavonoid,induced rapid lysosomal enlargement accompanied with lysosomal membrane permeabilization in hematological malignancy.LW-218-induced lysosomal damage and lysosome-dependent cell death were mediated by cathepsin D,as the lysosomal damage and cell apoptosis could be suppressed by depletion of cathepsin D or lysosome alkalization agents,which can alter the activity of cathepsins.Lysophagy,was initiated for cell self-rescue after LW-218 treatment and correlated with calcium release and nuclei translocation of transcription factor EB.LW-218 treatment enhanced the expression of autophagy-related genes which could be inhibited by intracellular calcium chelator.Sustained exposure to LW-218 exhausted the lysosomal capacity so as to repress the normal autophagy.LW-218-induced enlargement and damage of lysosomes were triggered by abnormal cholesterol deposition on lysosome membrane which caused by interaction between LW-218 and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1.Moreover,LW-218 inhibited the leukemia cell growth in vivo.Thus,the necessary impact of integral lysosomal function in cell rescue and death were illustrated.

Joint Effect of East Asia-Pacific and Eurasian Teleconnections on the Summer Precipitation in North Asia

The East Asia-Pacific(EAP)and Eurasian(EU)teleconnections are independent of each other on the seasonal timescale(with a correlation coefficient of only 0.03).But they may occur concurrently with consistent or opposite phases.This paper investigates their synergistic effect on the summer precipitation in North Asia.Based on the signs/phases of EAP and EU indices,the EAP and EU teleconnection anomalies occur in four cases:(Ⅰ)positive EAP+positive EU,(Ⅱ)negative EAP+negative EU,(Ⅲ)positive EAP+negative EU,and(Ⅳ)negative EAP+positive EU.Further analyses show that these four configurations of EAP and EU anomalies are coherently related to different atmospheric circulations over the midlatitude Eurasian continent,leading to different summer precipitation modes in North Asia.CategoryⅠ(Ⅱ)corresponds to a zonal tripole structure of the geopotential height at 500 hPa over eastern Europe and the Sea of Japan,leading to less(more)than normal precipitation in eastern Europe,Japan,and the surrounding areas,and more(less)precipitation from central China to Lake Baikal and eastern Russia.CategoryⅢ(Ⅳ)corresponds to a meridional dipole structure of the geopotential height at 500 hPa over North Asia,leading to more(less)precipitation in the northern North Asia and less(more)precipitation in most of the southern North Asia.Independent analysis reveals that the EAP teleconnection itself is positively correlated with the precipitation in the region between the eastern part of Lake Baikal and Okhotsk Sea,and negatively correlated with the precipitation in the region between Northeast China and Japan.Coincidently,the EU pattern and precipitation have negative correlations in Ural Mountain and Okhotsk Sea areas and positive correlations in the Lake Baikal area.The respective relations of EAP and EU with the summer precipitation in North Asia suggest that the EAP northern lobe overlapped with the EU central and eastern lobes could extend the geopotential anomalies over Lake Baikal to Russian Far East,creating an EAP-EU synergistic effect on the summer precipitation in North Asia.