热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节专家共识(2021年版)

局部热消融技术在肺部结节治疗领域正处在起步与发展阶段,为了肺结节热消融治疗的临床实践和规范发展,由"中国医师协会肿瘤消融治疗技术专家组""中国医师协会介入医师分会肿瘤消融专业委员会""中国抗癌协会肿瘤消融治疗专业委员会""中国临床肿瘤学会消融专家委员会"组织多学科国内有关专家,讨论制定了"热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节专家共识(2021年版)"。主要内容包括:(1)肺部亚实性结节的临床评估;(2)热消融治疗肺部亚实性结节技术操作规程、适应证、禁忌证、疗效评价和相关并发症;(3)存在的问题和未来发展方向。

研究生收费前贫困资助政策的瞄准和减贫效果分析——以首都高校研究生为例

2007年以来,我国研究生资助体系迅速成长,覆盖面不断扩大、资助种类持续增加、资助水平稳定增长。本文利用2014年北京大学开展的"首都高校学生发展状况调查"收集的30所高校4376名研究生的调查数据,采用同时考虑收入和支出的双指标法计算了在校研究生的贫困率,并尝试对研究生收费改革以前资助政策的减贫效果进行评价。研究结果表明,2014年我国研究生群体的贫困率为20. 4%,家庭负担率约为58%。研究生收费前贫困资助的覆盖率高,达到56. 3%。但是瞄准效果较差,资助的泄露率较高。从减贫效果来看,我国研究生资助政策的瞄准和减贫效果有待提高。资助后的贫困率下降了6. 3%,但仍有14. 1%的研究生未摆脱贫困状态。2014年以来,我国研究生学费、资助政策不断完善。未来研究生助学金政策的改进应该同时考虑家庭收入、学生必要支出、学费等因素,以提高学生资助的效率。

Analysis for the Defect of Chromatogram in 35kv Oil-immersed Electric Reactor

A defect of chromatogram in a 35kV oil-immersed three-phase one-piece electric reactor in a 500kV substation。The initial analysis suggests that the defect is caused by the loose connection of the iron core magnet shield (magnet shield layer of iron core or earthling top). Examination of winding DC resistance, DGA and other relevant examinations were carried out to investigate the defect reasons., which is demonstrated by the dismantlement. In-depth study is taken and corresponding prevention measures are put forward in the paper.

Analysis on the Influence Factors of Capacitor Voltage Transformer Dielectric Loss Measurement

Capacitor voltage transformer (CVT), which is with simple structure, convenient maintenance, functional diversity and high impact pressure strength, is widely used. And its capacitance and dielectric loss Angle measurement is an important test on testing the insulation of the equipment. This paper is mainly to introduce and discuss one of the CVT test methods——the “self excitation method”, combined with the actual situation encountered in the work, sums up and expounds the maintenance of CVT and preventive test of influence factors.

Transarterial chemoembolization with PD-(L)1 inhibitors plus molecular targeted therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma(CHANCE001)

There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessary to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TACE combined with PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT in real-world situations.In this nationwide,retrospective,cohort study,826 HCC patients receiving either TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT(combination group,n=376)or TACE monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=450)were included from January 2018 to May 2021.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS)according to modified RECIST.The secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and safety.We performed propensity score matching approaches to reduce bias between two groups.After matching,228 pairs were included with a predominantly advanced disease population.Median PFS in combination group was 9.5 months(95%confidence interval[CI],8.4-11.0)versus 8.0 months(95%CI,6.6-9.5)(adjusted hazard ratio[HR],0.70,P=0.002).OS and ORR were also significantly higher in combination group(median OS,19.2[16.1-27.3]vs.15.7 months[13.0-20.2];adjusted HR,0.63,P=0.001;ORR,60.1%vs.32.0%;P<0.001).Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed at a rate of 15.8%and 7.5%in combination and monotherapy groups,respectively.Our results suggest that TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT could significantly improve PFS,OS,and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice,with an acceptable safety profile.

Crossing the Rivers by Touching the Stones:Alternative Approaches in Technical and Vocational Education and Training From the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea

Purpose:This study aims to answer the following questions:(1)Why have attempts to transplant Western vocational education models failed?(2)Is there anything we can learn from the experiences of Eastern Asian countries when developing their own vocational education models?Design/Approach/Methods:This study reviews the history of transplanting Western skill formation schemes into developing countries,an often-failed die-hard practice supported by both bilateral and multilateral donors.Findings:Our findings suggest that developing countries should design their technical and vocational education and training systems based on their unique cultural,sociological,and economic contexts.It offers two alternative pathways based on the experiences of the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of Korea.Originality/Value:These East Asian examples could broaden the perspectives of policymakers in developing countries aspiring to develop functional skill formation schemes.

Education,skill formation and inequality:An introduction

Globalisation and technological changes are widening the income gap between the highly-skilled and the unskilled.Employers and government policy-makers in many countries are expressing serious concerns about the mismatch between the demand for and the supply of workers with skills commensurate with those needed for the 21stcentury economy.These skills encompass competencies needed for a wide range of occupational categories,from skills needed for occupations requiring a high level of education and training to those requiring credentials often characterised as‘middle skills’.There is a direct relationship between education,skill formation,and the distribution of income and opportunity.The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic reinforces this association at both local and global levels.

Growth of cucumber seedlings in different varieties as affected by light environment

High-quality cucumber seedlings are a prerequisite for ensuring high yield of cucumbers.With the continuous increase of cucumber planting area in China,the demand for high-quality cucumber seedlings is also increasing.One of the important ways to improve the quality of cucumber seedlings is to improve the light environment by using artificial light source.In this study,three cucumber seedlings(cv.Jintong,cv.Yunv and cv.Xiazhiguang)were grown for 23 d under eight levels of daily light integral(DLI)at 4.3 mol/(m^(2)·d),8.6 mol/(m^(2)·d),10.1 mol/(m^(2)·d),13.0 mol/(m^(2)·d),5.8 mol/(m^(2)·d),11.5 mol/(m^(2)·d),14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d)and 17.3 mol/(m^(2)·d),respectively.The results showed that when DLI was 14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d),the seedling height,stem diameter,total leaf area and shoot dry/fresh weight of all three cucumber cultivars reached the maximum,while hypocotyl length decreased with the increase of light intensity.When DLI was 14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d),Jintong and Xiazhiguang had the highest health index,which were 49.29 and 28.56,respectively,while that of Yunv was 81.59(DLI=14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d)).With the increase of DLI,the photosynthetic capacity of cucumber increases gradually.The highest net photosynthetic rate was shown at DLI of 14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d),while the chlorophyll content of cucumber seedlings of all three cultivars were less affected by DLI.Jintong and Yunv had the highest chlorophyll content when DLI was 8.6 mol/(m^(2)·d)because they were adapted to low-light environment.In conclusion,the DLI of 14.4 mol/(m^(2)·d)for Jintong and Xiazhiguang,while that of 17.3 mol/(m^(2)·d)for Yunv are suggested for the light environment design of factory-cultivated seedling for cucumber.

Study on products and reaction paths for synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-3-phenyl-1,3-benzoxazine from phenol,aniline and formaldehyde

To study the synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-3-phenyl-1,3-benzoxazine（benzoxazine）,the reaction paths of phenol,aniline and formaldehyde were investigated by analyzing the synthesis crude products.With the aid of high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）,chromatographic column and preparative HPLC,seven compounds originated from the crude products were obtained and their chemical structures were elucidated.Possible reaction paths are proposed based on these compounds.Results show that Nhydroxymethyl aniline（HMA） derived from the reaction of formaldehyde and aniline is probably the key intermediate during the reaction.HMA can react with itself or other reactants to form other intermediates,such as 1,3,5-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazinane and 2-（（phenylamino）methyl）phenol,and further form benzoxazine and byproducts.