The human microbiota is made up of trillions of bacteria that live in the human being,whereas the microbiome is made up of the microbiota's genes and gene products.Bacteria have long been thought of as pathogens t...The human microbiota is made up of trillions of bacteria that live in the human being,whereas the microbiome is made up of the microbiota's genes and gene products.Bacteria have long been thought of as pathogens that eventually lead to human illness.Bacteria are increasingly recognized as generally beneficial commensal organisms and hence crucial to proper and healthy human development,thanks to breakthroughs in both cultivation-based approaches and the advent of metagenomics.This relatively new field of medical study has given more information on illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease,obesity,metabolic and atopic disorders.However,there is a lot we don't know about the complexities of microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions.Future work targeted at resolving crucial concerns about the early formation of the microbiome,in addition,what determines its dysbiosis,will most likely lead to long-term mitigation of health.In this article,review the research on prenatal and newborn microbiome modulations,the role of maternal and environmental variables on forming the newborn microbiome,and future issues and directions in the exciting new field of metagenomic medicine.展开更多
In this paper,we report synthesis of pure SrMoO_(4),Sm^(3+)(1 at%-5 at%)doped SrMoO_(4)and Bi^(3+)(1 at%-3 at%)co-doped in 4 at%Sm^(3+)doped SrMoO_(4)(SrMoO_(4):4 Sm^(3+))phosphors by solution combustion method.The X-...In this paper,we report synthesis of pure SrMoO_(4),Sm^(3+)(1 at%-5 at%)doped SrMoO_(4)and Bi^(3+)(1 at%-3 at%)co-doped in 4 at%Sm^(3+)doped SrMoO_(4)(SrMoO_(4):4 Sm^(3+))phosphors by solution combustion method.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis reveals the tetragonal phase of all samples,also Bi^(3+)co-doping supports crystallite size growth and reduces lattice strain.Absorption analysis of Sm^(3+)doped SrMoO_(4)ascertains a decrease in band gap and Bi^(3+)co-doping confirms the emergence of an absorbance peak at around 308 nm attributed to Bi^(3+)energy levels.Photoluminescence(PL)analysis ascertains an increase in emission peaks for Sm^(3+)doped SrMoO_(4)up to 4%concentration,which are attributed to an electron transition from 4 G5/2 to 6 HJ(J=5/2,7/2,9/2,and 11/2)energy levels of Sm^(3+)ions.We have explained the effects of Bi^(3+)co-doping on the luminescence of Sm^(3+)doped SrMoO_(4).The reduced microstrain and increased crystallinity of the phosphors as a result of Bi^(3+)co-doping and their correlation with the luminescence of Sm^(3+)ions are discussed.展开更多
文摘The human microbiota is made up of trillions of bacteria that live in the human being,whereas the microbiome is made up of the microbiota's genes and gene products.Bacteria have long been thought of as pathogens that eventually lead to human illness.Bacteria are increasingly recognized as generally beneficial commensal organisms and hence crucial to proper and healthy human development,thanks to breakthroughs in both cultivation-based approaches and the advent of metagenomics.This relatively new field of medical study has given more information on illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease,obesity,metabolic and atopic disorders.However,there is a lot we don't know about the complexities of microbe-microbe and microbe-host interactions.Future work targeted at resolving crucial concerns about the early formation of the microbiome,in addition,what determines its dysbiosis,will most likely lead to long-term mitigation of health.In this article,review the research on prenatal and newborn microbiome modulations,the role of maternal and environmental variables on forming the newborn microbiome,and future issues and directions in the exciting new field of metagenomic medicine.
基金CSIR,IndiaUGC,India for the financial support provided in the form of a senior research fellowship grant。
文摘In this paper,we report synthesis of pure SrMoO_(4),Sm^(3+)(1 at%-5 at%)doped SrMoO_(4)and Bi^(3+)(1 at%-3 at%)co-doped in 4 at%Sm^(3+)doped SrMoO_(4)(SrMoO_(4):4 Sm^(3+))phosphors by solution combustion method.The X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis reveals the tetragonal phase of all samples,also Bi^(3+)co-doping supports crystallite size growth and reduces lattice strain.Absorption analysis of Sm^(3+)doped SrMoO_(4)ascertains a decrease in band gap and Bi^(3+)co-doping confirms the emergence of an absorbance peak at around 308 nm attributed to Bi^(3+)energy levels.Photoluminescence(PL)analysis ascertains an increase in emission peaks for Sm^(3+)doped SrMoO_(4)up to 4%concentration,which are attributed to an electron transition from 4 G5/2 to 6 HJ(J=5/2,7/2,9/2,and 11/2)energy levels of Sm^(3+)ions.We have explained the effects of Bi^(3+)co-doping on the luminescence of Sm^(3+)doped SrMoO_(4).The reduced microstrain and increased crystallinity of the phosphors as a result of Bi^(3+)co-doping and their correlation with the luminescence of Sm^(3+)ions are discussed.