The present study evaluated the potential of white-rot fungal strain Coriolus versicolor to decolorize five structurally different dyes in sequential batch reactors under optimized conditions. The experiments were run...The present study evaluated the potential of white-rot fungal strain Coriolus versicolor to decolorize five structurally different dyes in sequential batch reactors under optimized conditions. The experiments were run continuously for seven cycles of 8 d each. High decolorizing activity was observed even during the repeated reuse of the fungus, especially when the old medium was replaced with fresh medium after every cycle. Biodegradation was the dominating factor as the fungus was able to produce the enzyme laccase mainly, to mineralize synthetic dyes. The nutrients and composition of the medium played important roles in sustaining the decolorisation potential of the fungus. Corncob was found be an easy and cheap substitute for carbon source for the fungus. Glucose consumption by the fungus was in accordance to its decolorisation activity and chemical oxygen demand （COD） reduction.展开更多
When fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was challenged with gold ions under ambient aqueous conditions gold nanoparticles were formed within 90 minutes. Controlling experimental conditions like the age of fungus, incu...When fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was challenged with gold ions under ambient aqueous conditions gold nanoparticles were formed within 90 minutes. Controlling experimental conditions like the age of fungus, incubation temperature and different concentration of gold chloride solution had drastic effect on the morphology of the nanoparticles formed. The enzyme assays indicated the role of enzyme as a reducing and shape directing agent. Laccase was the dominating enzyme in the case of fungal media for the synthesis of extracellular gold nanoparticles. Ligninase was responsible for the intracellular formation of nanoparticles on the fungal mycelium. The stabilization of the nanoparticles (NPs) via protein layer was evident by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) which revealed the nanoparticles to be spherical in the range of 10-100 nm. This study represents an important advancement in the use of fungal enzymes for the biosynthesis of highly stable gold nanoparticles by a green and mild technique in one pot in aqueous media.展开更多
Doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind farms(WFs)are interfaced with power electronic converters.Such interfaces are attributed to the low inertia generated in the WFs under high penetration and that becomes ...Doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind farms(WFs)are interfaced with power electronic converters.Such interfaces are attributed to the low inertia generated in the WFs under high penetration and that becomes prevalent in a fault scenario.Therefore,transient stability enhancement along with frequency stability in DFIG-based WFs is a major concern in the present scenario.In this paper,a cooperative approach consisting of virtual inertia control(VIC)and a modified grid-side converter(GSC)approach for low voltage ride-through(LVRT)is proposed to achieve fault ride-through(FRT)capabilities as per the grid code requirements(GCRs)while providing frequency support to the grid through a synthetic inertia.The proposed approach provides LVRT and reactive power compensation in the system.The participation of the VIC in a rotor-side converter(RSC)provides frequency support to the DFIG-based WFs.The combined approach supports active power compensation and provides sufficient kinetic energy support to the system in a contingency scenario.Simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment for symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults.The superiority of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through analysis of the performance of the scheme and that of a series resonance bridge-type fault current limiter(SR-BFCL).展开更多
Aim European and North american studies have suggested that nitrogen(N)depositions reduce plant diversity and increase primary pro-ductivity due to changes in plant traits.To predict the vegetation response to future ...Aim European and North american studies have suggested that nitrogen(N)depositions reduce plant diversity and increase primary pro-ductivity due to changes in plant traits.To predict the vegetation response to future global change,experimental validations from other regions are widely needed.We assessed the effects of N treat-ment by urea fertilization on the diversity and biomass of the her-baceous plant traits(HPTs)in a dry tropical environment of India.Methods Diversity and biomass of different HPTs were determined on the basis of data collected in year 2010,from 135,1 m×1 m plots dis-tributed over 15 locations.The plots were treated with urea fertilizer in different doses(Control,60 kgNha−1 yr−1 and 120 kg N ha−1yr−1)since 1st January 2007.The plots were ordinated and data were subjected to appropriate statistical analyses.Important Findings Correspondence analysis(Ca)suggested uniqueness of species composition due to N amendment.species number and biomass of the trait categories varied due to N fertilization and traits.all studied trait categories(except N-fixers)yielded maximum mean species number at moderate level of N fertilization.Different levels of N fer-tilization exhibited different species diversity-primary productivity(D-P)relationships.Further,study showed reduction in plant diver-sity due to increase in biomass at high rates of N addition.Conclusions Tall,erect,non N-fixers,annuals,grasses HPTs were favoured by N enrichment.N dose above 60 kg enhanced the biomass of fast grow-ing,erect,annuals,non N-fixers,nitrophilic HPTs.The changes in traits with N addition,especially the increase in annuals and grasses and decrease in typically N-rich N-fixers,have implications for sus-tainable cattle production.展开更多
Inspired by the availability of recent experimental as well as theoretical data on the energy levels of odd-mass^151-161Pm and odd-odd^154,156Pm,we applied the theoretical framework of the projected shell model to fur...Inspired by the availability of recent experimental as well as theoretical data on the energy levels of odd-mass^151-161Pm and odd-odd^154,156Pm,we applied the theoretical framework of the projected shell model to further understand the nuclear structure of these nuclei.The calculations closely reproduced the experimental data reported for the yrast bands of these isotopes by assuming an axial(prolate)deformation of^0.3.Other properties along the yrast line,such as transition energies and transition probabilities,have also been discussed.Band diagrams are plotted to understand their intrinsic multi-quasiparticle structure,which turn out to be dominated by 1-quasiparticle bands for the odd-mass Pm isotopes and 2-quasiparticle bands for the doubly-odd Pm isotopes under study.The present study not only confirms the recently reported experimental/theoretical data,but also extends the already available information on the energy levels and adds new information regarding the reduced transition probabilities.展开更多
基金the funding agencies, Department of Science and Technology, India and International Foundation for Science Sweden, for providing the financial support to conduct the studies reported in this article
文摘The present study evaluated the potential of white-rot fungal strain Coriolus versicolor to decolorize five structurally different dyes in sequential batch reactors under optimized conditions. The experiments were run continuously for seven cycles of 8 d each. High decolorizing activity was observed even during the repeated reuse of the fungus, especially when the old medium was replaced with fresh medium after every cycle. Biodegradation was the dominating factor as the fungus was able to produce the enzyme laccase mainly, to mineralize synthetic dyes. The nutrients and composition of the medium played important roles in sustaining the decolorisation potential of the fungus. Corncob was found be an easy and cheap substitute for carbon source for the fungus. Glucose consumption by the fungus was in accordance to its decolorisation activity and chemical oxygen demand （COD） reduction.
文摘When fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was challenged with gold ions under ambient aqueous conditions gold nanoparticles were formed within 90 minutes. Controlling experimental conditions like the age of fungus, incubation temperature and different concentration of gold chloride solution had drastic effect on the morphology of the nanoparticles formed. The enzyme assays indicated the role of enzyme as a reducing and shape directing agent. Laccase was the dominating enzyme in the case of fungal media for the synthesis of extracellular gold nanoparticles. Ligninase was responsible for the intracellular formation of nanoparticles on the fungal mycelium. The stabilization of the nanoparticles (NPs) via protein layer was evident by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) which revealed the nanoparticles to be spherical in the range of 10-100 nm. This study represents an important advancement in the use of fungal enzymes for the biosynthesis of highly stable gold nanoparticles by a green and mild technique in one pot in aqueous media.
文摘Doubly-fed induction generator(DFIG)-based wind farms(WFs)are interfaced with power electronic converters.Such interfaces are attributed to the low inertia generated in the WFs under high penetration and that becomes prevalent in a fault scenario.Therefore,transient stability enhancement along with frequency stability in DFIG-based WFs is a major concern in the present scenario.In this paper,a cooperative approach consisting of virtual inertia control(VIC)and a modified grid-side converter(GSC)approach for low voltage ride-through(LVRT)is proposed to achieve fault ride-through(FRT)capabilities as per the grid code requirements(GCRs)while providing frequency support to the grid through a synthetic inertia.The proposed approach provides LVRT and reactive power compensation in the system.The participation of the VIC in a rotor-side converter(RSC)provides frequency support to the DFIG-based WFs.The combined approach supports active power compensation and provides sufficient kinetic energy support to the system in a contingency scenario.Simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment for symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults.The superiority of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through analysis of the performance of the scheme and that of a series resonance bridge-type fault current limiter(SR-BFCL).
文摘Aim European and North american studies have suggested that nitrogen(N)depositions reduce plant diversity and increase primary pro-ductivity due to changes in plant traits.To predict the vegetation response to future global change,experimental validations from other regions are widely needed.We assessed the effects of N treat-ment by urea fertilization on the diversity and biomass of the her-baceous plant traits(HPTs)in a dry tropical environment of India.Methods Diversity and biomass of different HPTs were determined on the basis of data collected in year 2010,from 135,1 m×1 m plots dis-tributed over 15 locations.The plots were treated with urea fertilizer in different doses(Control,60 kgNha−1 yr−1 and 120 kg N ha−1yr−1)since 1st January 2007.The plots were ordinated and data were subjected to appropriate statistical analyses.Important Findings Correspondence analysis(Ca)suggested uniqueness of species composition due to N amendment.species number and biomass of the trait categories varied due to N fertilization and traits.all studied trait categories(except N-fixers)yielded maximum mean species number at moderate level of N fertilization.Different levels of N fer-tilization exhibited different species diversity-primary productivity(D-P)relationships.Further,study showed reduction in plant diver-sity due to increase in biomass at high rates of N addition.Conclusions Tall,erect,non N-fixers,annuals,grasses HPTs were favoured by N enrichment.N dose above 60 kg enhanced the biomass of fast grow-ing,erect,annuals,non N-fixers,nitrophilic HPTs.The changes in traits with N addition,especially the increase in annuals and grasses and decrease in typically N-rich N-fixers,have implications for sus-tainable cattle production.
基金One of the authors,Suram Singh,acknowledges the financial support from University Grants Commission(UGC),MHRD,Govt.of India,under UGC BSR Start up grant no.F.30-412/2018(BSR)。
文摘Inspired by the availability of recent experimental as well as theoretical data on the energy levels of odd-mass^151-161Pm and odd-odd^154,156Pm,we applied the theoretical framework of the projected shell model to further understand the nuclear structure of these nuclei.The calculations closely reproduced the experimental data reported for the yrast bands of these isotopes by assuming an axial(prolate)deformation of^0.3.Other properties along the yrast line,such as transition energies and transition probabilities,have also been discussed.Band diagrams are plotted to understand their intrinsic multi-quasiparticle structure,which turn out to be dominated by 1-quasiparticle bands for the odd-mass Pm isotopes and 2-quasiparticle bands for the doubly-odd Pm isotopes under study.The present study not only confirms the recently reported experimental/theoretical data,but also extends the already available information on the energy levels and adds new information regarding the reduced transition probabilities.
