Nutrient recovery from source-separated human urine has attracted interest as it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus that can be utilized as fertilizer.However,urine also contains pharmaceuticals,steroid hormones,etc.a...Nutrient recovery from source-separated human urine has attracted interest as it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus that can be utilized as fertilizer.However,urine also contains pharmaceuticals,steroid hormones,etc.and their removal is crucial as they have detrimental effects on the environment and human health.The current study focuses on investigating the degradation of pharmaceuticals using a double-chamber microbial fuel cell(MFC).Urine was spiked with four pharmaceuticals(trimethoprim,lamivudine,levofloxacin,and estrone)at a concentration of 2 mg/mL.The MFC was operated for 7 months in batch mode with this spiked urine as feed.The degradation efficiency of the MFC was studied,for which a selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometric method was developed for the quantitation of compounds used in the spiking experiments and was validated with a lower limit of quantification of 0.39 ng/mL.The maximum removal rate achieved was 96%±2%.The degradation mechanism involved processes like sorption and anoxic biodegradation.The voltage curve obtained showed that the presence of pharmaceuticals had an initial negative impact on power generation along with increased organic content;however,after the reactor acclimatization,increased power output was achieved with maximum organics removal at 30 h of retention time.This work opens a new perspective for the anoxic biodegradation of pharmaceuticals and can be useful in future bioremediation studies.展开更多
FEA is amongst best methods that help users to solve complex problems. There are fixed number of nodes in each ele-ment of the model that define the element boundaries to which boundary condition and loads can be appl...FEA is amongst best methods that help users to solve complex problems. There are fixed number of nodes in each ele-ment of the model that define the element boundaries to which boundary condition and loads can be applied. The geo-metry of the structure, the load applications, stress and displacement gradients can be approximated in a accurate man-ner, if the mesh is finer. The problem with the foot was unusual cracks in JP Foot and early breakage of PU Foot due to crack propagation[1]. To solve this problem we modelled the foot using SolidWorks and performed FEA Analysis for single leg below knee amputee patients. After analysis, it has been concluded that JP Foot as compared to PU Foot has more stress bearing capacity but has less displacement threshold due to its material properties[2]. This work will lead to optimization of both the feet thus enhancing the durability of foot.展开更多
文摘Nutrient recovery from source-separated human urine has attracted interest as it is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus that can be utilized as fertilizer.However,urine also contains pharmaceuticals,steroid hormones,etc.and their removal is crucial as they have detrimental effects on the environment and human health.The current study focuses on investigating the degradation of pharmaceuticals using a double-chamber microbial fuel cell(MFC).Urine was spiked with four pharmaceuticals(trimethoprim,lamivudine,levofloxacin,and estrone)at a concentration of 2 mg/mL.The MFC was operated for 7 months in batch mode with this spiked urine as feed.The degradation efficiency of the MFC was studied,for which a selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass-spectrometric method was developed for the quantitation of compounds used in the spiking experiments and was validated with a lower limit of quantification of 0.39 ng/mL.The maximum removal rate achieved was 96%±2%.The degradation mechanism involved processes like sorption and anoxic biodegradation.The voltage curve obtained showed that the presence of pharmaceuticals had an initial negative impact on power generation along with increased organic content;however,after the reactor acclimatization,increased power output was achieved with maximum organics removal at 30 h of retention time.This work opens a new perspective for the anoxic biodegradation of pharmaceuticals and can be useful in future bioremediation studies.
文摘FEA is amongst best methods that help users to solve complex problems. There are fixed number of nodes in each ele-ment of the model that define the element boundaries to which boundary condition and loads can be applied. The geo-metry of the structure, the load applications, stress and displacement gradients can be approximated in a accurate man-ner, if the mesh is finer. The problem with the foot was unusual cracks in JP Foot and early breakage of PU Foot due to crack propagation[1]. To solve this problem we modelled the foot using SolidWorks and performed FEA Analysis for single leg below knee amputee patients. After analysis, it has been concluded that JP Foot as compared to PU Foot has more stress bearing capacity but has less displacement threshold due to its material properties[2]. This work will lead to optimization of both the feet thus enhancing the durability of foot.
