Effects of 42-year long-term fertilizer management on soil phosphorus availability, fractionation,adsorption–desorption isotherm and plant uptake in flooded tropical rice

Soil phosphorus(P) fractionation, adsorption, and desorption isotherm, and rice yield and P uptake were investigated in flooded tropical rice(Oryza sativa L.) following 42-year fertilizer and manure application. The treatments included low-input [unfertilized control without N, P, or K(C0N0)], farmyard manure(FYM)(C1N0), NP(C0NP), NPK(C0NPK), FYM + NP(C1NP), and high-input treatment, FYM + NPK(C1NPK). Grain yield was increased significantly by 74%over the control under the combined application of FYM + NPK. However, under low- and high-input treatments, yield as well as P uptake was maintained at constant levels for 35 years.During the same period, high yield levels and P uptake were maintained under the C0 NP, C0 NPK,and C1 NPK treatments. These are unique characteristics of a tropical flooded ecosystem, which is a self-sustaining system for rice production. The Fe–P fraction was highest compared to the Ca–P and Al–P fractions after 42 years of fertilizer application and was significantly higher under FYM + NPK treatment. The P adsorption capacity of soil was highest under the low-input treatment and lowest under long-term balanced fertilization(FYM + NPK). In contrast, P desorption capacity was highest under NPK and lowest in the control treatment. Long-term balanced fertilization in the form of FYM + NPK for 42 years lowered the bonding energy and adsorption capacity for P in soil but increased its desorption potential, increasing P availability to the plant and leading to higher P uptake and yield maintenance.

当地新闻对远距离地震所致非破坏性震感的过度报道促发儿童焦虑障碍的病例报告（英文）

概述:地震是世界上许多地区比较常见的自然灾害,但地震对心理健康影响的研究还很有限。经历地震的人往往遭受重大损失,患精神障碍的风险增加。然而,规模不大、非破坏性地震现象所致精神障碍的患病率还是未知的。本文报告了一名就诊于精神科门诊的10岁女孩,她出现严重影响功能的焦虑症状已2周,其诱因是经历了一场较远地区的地震,而在当地仅有非破坏性震感,媒体却过度报道。她的情况不符合任何特定的焦虑相关障碍,因此最合适的诊断是精神障碍诊断与统计手册第五版(Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition,DSM-5)非特异性分类中的"其它特定焦虑障碍"。经过一种苯二氮?类药物和一种选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂的治疗,患者的症状4周后消失。

阿立哌唑成功治疗抽动秽语综合征1例报告(英文)

概述:抽动-秽语综合征(Tourette syndrome,TS)是一种儿童期发病的神经精神障碍,特征是多发性运动抽动和发声抽动,病程至少1年。本病例报告描述了一位16岁男孩患有抽动-秽语综合征6年,症状已使其功能严重受损。阿立哌唑10 mg/d治疗一个月左右后,该患者的症状完全消失,恢复了病前的生活。在这种情况下,需要权衡长期使用抗精神病药物潜在的不良反应与持续的抽动秽语症状对患者生活造成的破坏性影响。

Carbon and water footprints of major crop production in India

Scarcity of water and emission of greenhouse gases(GHGs)are the two key environmental issues affecting crop production in India.Reducing the carbon footprint(CF)and water footprint(WF)of crop production can help to mitigate the environmental hazards that stem from GHG emissions and water scarcity.The CFs and WFs of three major cereal crops,rice,wheat,and maize,were estimated for the year 2014 under the environmental conditions in India,based on national statistics and other data sources.Total CFs(TCFs)of rice,wheat,and maize in India were estimated to be 2.44,1.27,and 0.80 t CO_(2)equivalent ha-1,respectively,and product WFs for rice,wheat,and maize in India were 3.52,1.59,and 2.06 m3 kg^(-1),respectively.Blue WF was found to be the highest in West India for rice and in South India for both wheat and maize,with the highest irrigation water use in these regions.There was a positive correlation between TCF and total WF,and hence mitigation of both was possibly simultaneous in various regions in India.Potential measures for mitigating GHG emissions and optimizing water use for rice,wheat,and maize production in India are recommended in this paper.