基于CRU数据的1901—2018年全球陆表气温时空变化特征分析

基于英国东英格利亚大学气候研究所单位时间序列网格数据集,1901—2018年的陆表平均气温、最高气温和最低气温数据(0.5°×0.5°,月值数据),采用时间序列趋势分析、趋势显著性检验、空间相关性分析等方法对气温进行年内变化、年际变化和空间分布分析.结果表明:(1)1901—2018年平均、最高、最低气温的气候倾向率(曼-肯德尔检验结果)分别为0.11℃/10 a(1.739),0.09℃/10 a(1.640)和0.12℃/10 a(1.807),表明全球具有较明显的升温趋势;(2)在步长为6 a,显著水平α=0.01的情况下,滑动t检验结果显示平均温和最高温的突变点为2个,最低温的突变点为3个,1964年的突变较明显;(3)北纬45°以北地区的最低温升温所涉及的范围比平均、最高温更大;(4)相比于最低气温,平均气温和最高气温的空间差异性变化较小,1980年以来最低气温的空间异质性呈现减小趋势.

Concentration level of heavy metals in the Great Wall Bay， Antarctica in austral summer

Heavy metals in different marine environmental mediums from the Great Wall Bay, Antarctica were determined. Sea water samples from 14 stations, surface sediments from 2 stations and marine organisms from 1 station were analyzed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, Hg concentrations, The results showed that the terrestrial input characteristics of Cu, Pb and Cr in sea water was evident. Zn concentration in the outlet water was high. The difference of each heavy metal concentration in two sediments was low. The enriching ability of seaweed to Zn was relatively high. Generally speaking, the concentration level of heavy metals in the Great Wall Bay was low.