Gradient nanostructure was introduced to enhance the strength and ductility via deformation incompatibility accommodated by geometrical necessary dislocations for most metallic materials recently.However,few intensive...Gradient nanostructure was introduced to enhance the strength and ductility via deformation incompatibility accommodated by geometrical necessary dislocations for most metallic materials recently.However,few intensive researches were carried out to investigate the effect of gradient structure on the deformation twin evolution and resulting performance improvements.In the present paper,we produced gradient-structured AZ31 Mg alloy with fine-grain layers,parallel twin laminates and a coarse-grain core from two upmost surfaces to the center of plate.Surprisingly,this architected Mg alloy exhibited simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility.Subsequent microstructural observations demonstrated that abundant twin-twin interactions resulting from higher strength and multi-axial stress state could make great contributions to the increase of work-hardening capability.This was further proved by the measurement of full-field strain evolution during the plastic deformation.Such a design strategy may provide a new path for producing advanced structure materials in which the deformation twinning works as one of the dominant plasticity mechanisms.展开更多
The origin and spatial-temporal variation of the Earth’s magnetic field(EMF)is one of the important scientific problems that has long been unsolved.The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)under construction is China’s f...The origin and spatial-temporal variation of the Earth’s magnetic field(EMF)is one of the important scientific problems that has long been unsolved.The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)under construction is China’s first high-precision EMF measurement satellite.To satisfy the highly precise requirements of the MSS-1 orbit measurement,a light,high-precision,four-prism laser retroreflector array was designed.It weighs approximately 285 g,its effective reflection area is greater than 1.77 cm^(2),and its size is 100×100×41 mm.The laser retro-reflector array has excellent performance,and it can achieve a ranging precision at the subcentimeter level for satellite laser ranging.It will be developed and installed on the MSS-1 as a power-free load for high-precision orbit measurement and accurate orbit calibration.The MSS-1 is planned to be brought into the International Laser Ranging Service observations.More than 31satellite laser ranging stations in the International Laser Ranging Service around the world will be able to measure the MSS-1 with long arcs,which will support the scientific mission of high-precision EMF exploration.展开更多
Audio signal separation is an open and challenging issue in the classical“Cocktail Party Problem”.Especially in a reverberation environment,the separation of mixed signals is more difficult separated due to the infl...Audio signal separation is an open and challenging issue in the classical“Cocktail Party Problem”.Especially in a reverberation environment,the separation of mixed signals is more difficult separated due to the influence of reverberation and echo.To solve the problem,we propose a determined reverberant blind source separation algorithm.The main innovation of the algorithm focuses on the estimation of the mixing matrix.A new cost function is built to obtain the accurate demixing matrix,which shows the gap between the prediction and the actual data.Then,the update rule of the demixing matrix is derived using Newton gradient descent method.The identity matrix is employed as the initial demixing matrix for avoiding local optima problem.Through the real-time iterative update of the demixing matrix,frequency-domain sources are obtained.Then,time-domain sources can be obtained using an inverse short-time Fourier transform.Experi-mental results based on a series of source separation of speech and music mixing signals demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves better separation performance than the state-of-the-art methods.In particular,it has much better superiority in the highly reverberant environment.展开更多
The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α（HIF-1α） plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Genetic variations of HIFIA （coding HIF-1α） have been shown to inf...The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α（HIF-1α） plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Genetic variations of HIFIA （coding HIF-1α） have been shown to influence an individual＇s susceptibility to many human tumors; however, evidence on associations between HIFIA single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and prostate cancer （PCa） risk is conflicting. We genotyped three potentially functional polymorphisms in HIFIA （rs11549465, rs11549467 and rs2057482） using the TaqMan method and assessed their associations with PCa risk in a case-control study of 662 PCa patients and 716 controls in a Chinese Hart population. Compared with rs 11549467 GG genotype, the variant genotypes GA ＋AA had a significantly increased PCa risk （adjusted odds ratio （OR）= 1.70; 95% confidence interval （C1）= 1.06-2.72）, particularly among older patients （0R=2.01; 95%C1 = 1.05-3.86）, smokers （0R=2.06; 95%C1 = 1.07-3.99）, never drinkers （OR=2.16; 95%C1 = 1.20-3.86） and patients without a family history of cancer （OR= 1.71; 95%C1= 1.02-2.89）. Furthermore, patients with rs11549467 variant genotypes were associated with a higher Gleason score （OR=2.14; 95%CI = 1.22-3.75）. No altered PCa risk was associated with the rs 11549465 and rs2057482 polymorphism. However, the combined variant genotypes of rs2057482 and rs 11549467 were associated with increased PCa risk （0R=2.10; 95%C1= 1.23-3.57 among subjects carrying three or more risk alleles）. These results suggest that HIFIA polymorphisms may impact PCa susceptibility and progression in the Chinese Han population.展开更多
This study was designed to evaluate whether the revised 2010 Tumour Node Metastasis （TNM） staging system could lead to a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma （RCC） patients. A total of...This study was designed to evaluate whether the revised 2010 Tumour Node Metastasis （TNM） staging system could lead to a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma （RCC） patients. A total of 1216 patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy for RCC from 2003 to 2011 were enrolled. All of the patients had pathologically confirmed clear cell RCC （ccRCC）. All cases were staged by both the 2002 and 2010 TNM staging systems after pathological review, and survival data were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate cancer-specific survival （CSS） and progression-free survival （PFS） after surgery. Continuous variables, such as age and tumour diameter, were calculated as mean values and standard deviations （s.d.） or as median values. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test assessed differences between groups. Statistically significant differences in CSS and PFS were noted among patients in T3 subgroups using the new 2010 staging system. Therefore, the revised 2010 TNM staging system can lead to a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of ccRCC patients. However, when using the revised 2010 staging system, we found that more than 92% of patients （288/313） with T3 tumours were staged in the T3a subgroup, and their survival data were not significantly different from those of patients with T2b tumours. In addition, T2 subclassification failed to independently predict survival in RCC patients.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11772268 and 12025205).The authors would like to appreciate the researchers in Nanjing university of science and technology for their support in preparation of gradient structured materials.
文摘Gradient nanostructure was introduced to enhance the strength and ductility via deformation incompatibility accommodated by geometrical necessary dislocations for most metallic materials recently.However,few intensive researches were carried out to investigate the effect of gradient structure on the deformation twin evolution and resulting performance improvements.In the present paper,we produced gradient-structured AZ31 Mg alloy with fine-grain layers,parallel twin laminates and a coarse-grain core from two upmost surfaces to the center of plate.Surprisingly,this architected Mg alloy exhibited simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility.Subsequent microstructural observations demonstrated that abundant twin-twin interactions resulting from higher strength and multi-axial stress state could make great contributions to the increase of work-hardening capability.This was further proved by the measurement of full-field strain evolution during the plastic deformation.Such a design strategy may provide a new path for producing advanced structure materials in which the deformation twinning works as one of the dominant plasticity mechanisms.
文摘The origin and spatial-temporal variation of the Earth’s magnetic field(EMF)is one of the important scientific problems that has long been unsolved.The Macao Science Satellite-1(MSS-1)under construction is China’s first high-precision EMF measurement satellite.To satisfy the highly precise requirements of the MSS-1 orbit measurement,a light,high-precision,four-prism laser retroreflector array was designed.It weighs approximately 285 g,its effective reflection area is greater than 1.77 cm^(2),and its size is 100×100×41 mm.The laser retro-reflector array has excellent performance,and it can achieve a ranging precision at the subcentimeter level for satellite laser ranging.It will be developed and installed on the MSS-1 as a power-free load for high-precision orbit measurement and accurate orbit calibration.The MSS-1 is planned to be brought into the International Laser Ranging Service observations.More than 31satellite laser ranging stations in the International Laser Ranging Service around the world will be able to measure the MSS-1 with long arcs,which will support the scientific mission of high-precision EMF exploration.
基金This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52105268Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province under Grant 2022A1515011409+2 种基金Key Platforms and Major Scientific Research Projects of Universities in Guangdong under Grants 2019KTSCX161 and 2019KTSCX165Key Projects of Natural Science Research Projects of Shaoguan University under Grants SZ2020KJ02 and SZ2021KJ04the Science and Technology Program of Shaoguan City of China under Grants 2019sn056,200811094530423,200811094530805,and 200811094530811.
文摘Audio signal separation is an open and challenging issue in the classical“Cocktail Party Problem”.Especially in a reverberation environment,the separation of mixed signals is more difficult separated due to the influence of reverberation and echo.To solve the problem,we propose a determined reverberant blind source separation algorithm.The main innovation of the algorithm focuses on the estimation of the mixing matrix.A new cost function is built to obtain the accurate demixing matrix,which shows the gap between the prediction and the actual data.Then,the update rule of the demixing matrix is derived using Newton gradient descent method.The identity matrix is employed as the initial demixing matrix for avoiding local optima problem.Through the real-time iterative update of the demixing matrix,frequency-domain sources are obtained.Then,time-domain sources can be obtained using an inverse short-time Fourier transform.Experi-mental results based on a series of source separation of speech and music mixing signals demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves better separation performance than the state-of-the-art methods.In particular,it has much better superiority in the highly reverberant environment.
文摘The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α（HIF-1α） plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis, which is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Genetic variations of HIFIA （coding HIF-1α） have been shown to influence an individual＇s susceptibility to many human tumors; however, evidence on associations between HIFIA single-nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） and prostate cancer （PCa） risk is conflicting. We genotyped three potentially functional polymorphisms in HIFIA （rs11549465, rs11549467 and rs2057482） using the TaqMan method and assessed their associations with PCa risk in a case-control study of 662 PCa patients and 716 controls in a Chinese Hart population. Compared with rs 11549467 GG genotype, the variant genotypes GA ＋AA had a significantly increased PCa risk （adjusted odds ratio （OR）= 1.70; 95% confidence interval （C1）= 1.06-2.72）, particularly among older patients （0R=2.01; 95%C1 = 1.05-3.86）, smokers （0R=2.06; 95%C1 = 1.07-3.99）, never drinkers （OR=2.16; 95%C1 = 1.20-3.86） and patients without a family history of cancer （OR= 1.71; 95%C1= 1.02-2.89）. Furthermore, patients with rs11549467 variant genotypes were associated with a higher Gleason score （OR=2.14; 95%CI = 1.22-3.75）. No altered PCa risk was associated with the rs 11549465 and rs2057482 polymorphism. However, the combined variant genotypes of rs2057482 and rs 11549467 were associated with increased PCa risk （0R=2.10; 95%C1= 1.23-3.57 among subjects carrying three or more risk alleles）. These results suggest that HIFIA polymorphisms may impact PCa susceptibility and progression in the Chinese Han population.
文摘This study was designed to evaluate whether the revised 2010 Tumour Node Metastasis （TNM） staging system could lead to a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of renal cell carcinoma （RCC） patients. A total of 1216 patients who had undergone radical nephrectomy or partial nephrectomy for RCC from 2003 to 2011 were enrolled. All of the patients had pathologically confirmed clear cell RCC （ccRCC）. All cases were staged by both the 2002 and 2010 TNM staging systems after pathological review, and survival data were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to evaluate cancer-specific survival （CSS） and progression-free survival （PFS） after surgery. Continuous variables, such as age and tumour diameter, were calculated as mean values and standard deviations （s.d.） or as median values. Survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test assessed differences between groups. Statistically significant differences in CSS and PFS were noted among patients in T3 subgroups using the new 2010 staging system. Therefore, the revised 2010 TNM staging system can lead to a more accurate prediction of the prognosis of ccRCC patients. However, when using the revised 2010 staging system, we found that more than 92% of patients （288/313） with T3 tumours were staged in the T3a subgroup, and their survival data were not significantly different from those of patients with T2b tumours. In addition, T2 subclassification failed to independently predict survival in RCC patients.
