Chronic obstructive lung disease(COPD),predominantly emphysema,causes several thoracic anatomical and hemodynamic changes which may cause changes in various electrocardiographic parameters.A 12-lead electrocardiogram(...Chronic obstructive lung disease(COPD),predominantly emphysema,causes several thoracic anatomical and hemodynamic changes which may cause changes in various electrocardiographic parameters.A 12-lead electrocardiogram(ECG),which is often a part of routine evaluation in most clinical settings,may serve as a useful screening modality for diagnosis of COPD or emphysema.Our current article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the electrocardiographic changes encountered in COPD/emphysema utilizing published PubMed and Medline literature database.Several important ECG changes are present in COPD/emphysema and may serve as a good diagnostic tool.Verticalization of Pvector,changes in QRS duration,pattern recognition of precordial R-wave progression and axial shifts can be considered some of the most valuable markers among other changes.In conclusion,12-lead surface electrocardiogram can serve as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of COPD and/or emphysema.An appropriate knowledge of these ECG changes can not only help in the diagnosis but can also immensely help in an appropriate clinical management of these patients.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Gallbladder carcinoma is a common malignancy in the Indian subcontinent.It commonly metastasizes through lymphatics,direct invasion,and hematogenous spread.A common extra-abdominal site of metastasis is the...BACKGROUND:Gallbladder carcinoma is a common malignancy in the Indian subcontinent.It commonly metastasizes through lymphatics,direct invasion,and hematogenous spread.A common extra-abdominal site of metastasis is the lungs.Simultaneous metastasis to breast and ovary is extremely rare.METHOD:This report describes an unusual case of carcinoma gallbladder metastasizing to the breast and ovary at the same time.RESULTS:A 45-year-old woman came to us with complaints of flatulent dyspepsia associated with weight loss and anorexia.Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed hepatomegaly with thick-walled gallbladder with multiple stones and a mass at the fundus,but normal uterus and ovary.Contrast-enhanced computer tomography of the abdomen showed a gallbladder mass infiltrating the liver parenchyma.The patient underwent radical cholecystectomy.Histopathological examination revealed a poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma with margins free from tumor infiltration.One month after surgery she developed a breast lump.Ultrasound of the abdomen for metastatic workup revealed an ovary mass.Simple mastectomy and salphingo-opherectomy were performed,and histopathological examination revealed a metastatic adenocarcinoma.The patient is now on chemotherapy with gemcitabin.CONCLUSION:This is an unusual case of carcinoma of the gallbladder with metastasis to the breast and ovary,which has not been documented before.展开更多
Numerical simulations have revolutionized material design.However,although simulations excel at mapping an input material to its output property,their direct application to inverse design has traditionally been limite...Numerical simulations have revolutionized material design.However,although simulations excel at mapping an input material to its output property,their direct application to inverse design has traditionally been limited by their high computing cost and lack of differentiability.Here,taking the example of the inverse design of a porous matrix featuring targeted sorption isotherm,we introduce a computational inverse design framework that addresses these challenges,by programming differentiable simulation on TensorFlow platform that leverages automated end-to-end differentiation.Thanks to its differentiability,the simulation is used to directly train a deep generative model,which outputs an optimal porous matrix based on an arbitrary input sorption isotherm curve.Importantly,this inverse design pipeline leverages the power of tensor processing units(TPU)—an emerging family of dedicated chips,which,although they are specialized in deep learning,are flexible enough for intensive scientific simulations.This approach holds promise to accelerate inverse materials design.展开更多
文摘Chronic obstructive lung disease(COPD),predominantly emphysema,causes several thoracic anatomical and hemodynamic changes which may cause changes in various electrocardiographic parameters.A 12-lead electrocardiogram(ECG),which is often a part of routine evaluation in most clinical settings,may serve as a useful screening modality for diagnosis of COPD or emphysema.Our current article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the electrocardiographic changes encountered in COPD/emphysema utilizing published PubMed and Medline literature database.Several important ECG changes are present in COPD/emphysema and may serve as a good diagnostic tool.Verticalization of Pvector,changes in QRS duration,pattern recognition of precordial R-wave progression and axial shifts can be considered some of the most valuable markers among other changes.In conclusion,12-lead surface electrocardiogram can serve as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of COPD and/or emphysema.An appropriate knowledge of these ECG changes can not only help in the diagnosis but can also immensely help in an appropriate clinical management of these patients.
文摘BACKGROUND:Gallbladder carcinoma is a common malignancy in the Indian subcontinent.It commonly metastasizes through lymphatics,direct invasion,and hematogenous spread.A common extra-abdominal site of metastasis is the lungs.Simultaneous metastasis to breast and ovary is extremely rare.METHOD:This report describes an unusual case of carcinoma gallbladder metastasizing to the breast and ovary at the same time.RESULTS:A 45-year-old woman came to us with complaints of flatulent dyspepsia associated with weight loss and anorexia.Ultrasound of the abdomen revealed hepatomegaly with thick-walled gallbladder with multiple stones and a mass at the fundus,but normal uterus and ovary.Contrast-enhanced computer tomography of the abdomen showed a gallbladder mass infiltrating the liver parenchyma.The patient underwent radical cholecystectomy.Histopathological examination revealed a poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma with margins free from tumor infiltration.One month after surgery she developed a breast lump.Ultrasound of the abdomen for metastatic workup revealed an ovary mass.Simple mastectomy and salphingo-opherectomy were performed,and histopathological examination revealed a metastatic adenocarcinoma.The patient is now on chemotherapy with gemcitabin.CONCLUSION:This is an unusual case of carcinoma of the gallbladder with metastasis to the breast and ovary,which has not been documented before.
基金H.L.acknowledges funding from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under the Grant No.YJ202271M.B.acknowledges the National Science Foundation under the Grant No.DMREF-1922167TPU computing time was provided by a grant allocation from Google’s TensorFlow Research Cloud(TFRC)program.
文摘Numerical simulations have revolutionized material design.However,although simulations excel at mapping an input material to its output property,their direct application to inverse design has traditionally been limited by their high computing cost and lack of differentiability.Here,taking the example of the inverse design of a porous matrix featuring targeted sorption isotherm,we introduce a computational inverse design framework that addresses these challenges,by programming differentiable simulation on TensorFlow platform that leverages automated end-to-end differentiation.Thanks to its differentiability,the simulation is used to directly train a deep generative model,which outputs an optimal porous matrix based on an arbitrary input sorption isotherm curve.Importantly,this inverse design pipeline leverages the power of tensor processing units(TPU)—an emerging family of dedicated chips,which,although they are specialized in deep learning,are flexible enough for intensive scientific simulations.This approach holds promise to accelerate inverse materials design.