Eukaryotic genomes undergo pervasive transcription,generating vast amounts of noncoding RNAs alongside protein-coding mRNAs[1].These noncoding RNAs,including small noncoding RNAs,long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circu...Eukaryotic genomes undergo pervasive transcription,generating vast amounts of noncoding RNAs alongside protein-coding mRNAs[1].These noncoding RNAs,including small noncoding RNAs,long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circular RNAs,have been shown to play critical roles in gene regulation,chromatin remodeling,assembly of membraneless organelles,and other essential biological processes.They function through a diverse range of mechanisms[2],[3],[4],[5].Dysregulation of noncoding RNAs contributes to human disease pathogenesis and affects plant development and stress response[6],[7],[8].Over the past decade,significant progress has been made in unraveling the functions of noncoding RNAs and elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which they operate.The involvement of noncoding RNAs in human disease pathogenesis and agronomic trait regulation has garnered increasing attention.展开更多
Asthmatic inflammation is mediated by a type 2 helper T cell （Th2） cytokine response, and blocking Th2 cytokine production is proven to have a potent therapeutic effect against asthmatic inflammation. Using IL-4-gre...Asthmatic inflammation is mediated by a type 2 helper T cell （Th2） cytokine response, and blocking Th2 cytokine production is proven to have a potent therapeutic effect against asthmatic inflammation. Using IL-4-green fluorescent protein （GFP） reporter mice, we demonstrated that Bavachinin, a single compound isolated from a Chinese herb, significantly inhibited Th2 cytokine production, including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Notably, this compound almost completely blocked inflammation in the ovalbumin （OVA）-sensitized animal asthma model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this chemical selectively affects the level of GATA-3, most likely by affecting the stability of GATA-3 mRNA. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the potential therapeutic value of this single compound derived from Chinese herbs.展开更多
The lethal giant larvae(lgl)gene was first identified more than 30 years ago in Drosophila and characterized as a tumor suppressor gene.Studies in budding yeast,flies and mammals all indicate that the evolutionarily c...The lethal giant larvae(lgl)gene was first identified more than 30 years ago in Drosophila and characterized as a tumor suppressor gene.Studies in budding yeast,flies and mammals all indicate that the evolutionarily conserved Lgl family proteins play an important role in cell polarity.Sro7/77,the yeast Lgl homologues,are important for the establishment and reinforcement of cell polarity through their localized interaction and kinetic activation of the post-Golgi secretion machinery.As for higher eukaryotes,both in epithelial polarity and asymmetric cell division,the role of Lgl protein is deployed by localizing proteins to the membrane in a polarized fashion.In addition,Lgl is transiently required during the establishment phase of polarity,implicating that Lgl functions at strategic time points for proliferation control.Studies in cancer biology provide direct connections between malfunction of Lgl and formation,progression and metastasis of various cancers.Here,we review recent advances in the field,focusing on the function of the Lgl family in cellular polarization.展开更多
T lymphocytes bearing c-and d-chain T-cell receptor heterodimers are named cd T cells.Interestingly,cd and ab T cells share the same progenitors,and they undergo a fate decision in the thymus.Functional differentiatio...T lymphocytes bearing c-and d-chain T-cell receptor heterodimers are named cd T cells.Interestingly,cd and ab T cells share the same progenitors,and they undergo a fate decision in the thymus.Functional differentiation of cd T cells occurs both inside and outside the thymus.Antigen recognition of cd T-cell receptors is very unique,and the responses frequently exhibit innate characteristics.Nevertheless,peripheral cd T cells exert a number of effector and regulatory functions.cd T cells rapidly produce cytokines like interferon(IFN)-c and IL-17 and promote inflammation,partly due to the inherent epigenetic and transcriptional programs,which facilitates a quick and extensive response.Moreover,cd T cells lyse target cells directly,and this is necessary for pathogen or tumor clearance.cd T cells can even serve as regulatory cells,and may contribute to immune suppression.Orchestration of cd T-cell and other immune cell interactions may be critical for host defense and immune regulation.Recently,cd T cells have been used for immunotherapy for infectious diseases and malignancy.In this review,we summarize the abstracts presented at the recent cd T cell Conference held from 19 to 21 May 2010,in Kiel,Germany(please see the website for details:http://www.gammadeltaconference.uni-kiel.de/index.html).展开更多
文摘Eukaryotic genomes undergo pervasive transcription,generating vast amounts of noncoding RNAs alongside protein-coding mRNAs[1].These noncoding RNAs,including small noncoding RNAs,long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circular RNAs,have been shown to play critical roles in gene regulation,chromatin remodeling,assembly of membraneless organelles,and other essential biological processes.They function through a diverse range of mechanisms[2],[3],[4],[5].Dysregulation of noncoding RNAs contributes to human disease pathogenesis and affects plant development and stress response[6],[7],[8].Over the past decade,significant progress has been made in unraveling the functions of noncoding RNAs and elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which they operate.The involvement of noncoding RNAs in human disease pathogenesis and agronomic trait regulation has garnered increasing attention.
基金This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （30890143）, the Key Program for International S＆T Cooperation Projects of China （2010DFB34000） and the National Basic Research Grant of China （2010CB529104） to ZY.
文摘Asthmatic inflammation is mediated by a type 2 helper T cell （Th2） cytokine response, and blocking Th2 cytokine production is proven to have a potent therapeutic effect against asthmatic inflammation. Using IL-4-green fluorescent protein （GFP） reporter mice, we demonstrated that Bavachinin, a single compound isolated from a Chinese herb, significantly inhibited Th2 cytokine production, including IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Notably, this compound almost completely blocked inflammation in the ovalbumin （OVA）-sensitized animal asthma model. Furthermore, we demonstrated that this chemical selectively affects the level of GATA-3, most likely by affecting the stability of GATA-3 mRNA. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the potential therapeutic value of this single compound derived from Chinese herbs.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China(Grant No.30900720)Tian Jin Science Foundation(No.09JCYBJC09000)to Puyue WANG.
文摘The lethal giant larvae(lgl)gene was first identified more than 30 years ago in Drosophila and characterized as a tumor suppressor gene.Studies in budding yeast,flies and mammals all indicate that the evolutionarily conserved Lgl family proteins play an important role in cell polarity.Sro7/77,the yeast Lgl homologues,are important for the establishment and reinforcement of cell polarity through their localized interaction and kinetic activation of the post-Golgi secretion machinery.As for higher eukaryotes,both in epithelial polarity and asymmetric cell division,the role of Lgl protein is deployed by localizing proteins to the membrane in a polarized fashion.In addition,Lgl is transiently required during the establishment phase of polarity,implicating that Lgl functions at strategic time points for proliferation control.Studies in cancer biology provide direct connections between malfunction of Lgl and formation,progression and metastasis of various cancers.Here,we review recent advances in the field,focusing on the function of the Lgl family in cellular polarization.
基金by grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(2007CB914801)the National Outstanding Young Scientist Award of National Natural Science Foundation of China(30725015).
文摘T lymphocytes bearing c-and d-chain T-cell receptor heterodimers are named cd T cells.Interestingly,cd and ab T cells share the same progenitors,and they undergo a fate decision in the thymus.Functional differentiation of cd T cells occurs both inside and outside the thymus.Antigen recognition of cd T-cell receptors is very unique,and the responses frequently exhibit innate characteristics.Nevertheless,peripheral cd T cells exert a number of effector and regulatory functions.cd T cells rapidly produce cytokines like interferon(IFN)-c and IL-17 and promote inflammation,partly due to the inherent epigenetic and transcriptional programs,which facilitates a quick and extensive response.Moreover,cd T cells lyse target cells directly,and this is necessary for pathogen or tumor clearance.cd T cells can even serve as regulatory cells,and may contribute to immune suppression.Orchestration of cd T-cell and other immune cell interactions may be critical for host defense and immune regulation.Recently,cd T cells have been used for immunotherapy for infectious diseases and malignancy.In this review,we summarize the abstracts presented at the recent cd T cell Conference held from 19 to 21 May 2010,in Kiel,Germany(please see the website for details:http://www.gammadeltaconference.uni-kiel.de/index.html).
