程序性细胞死亡蛋白1配体1(programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1,PD-L1;又称CD274或B7-H1)是重要的免疫检查点蛋白,通过与其受体程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)结合,可以抑制T细胞激活,促进肿瘤的免...程序性细胞死亡蛋白1配体1(programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1,PD-L1;又称CD274或B7-H1)是重要的免疫检查点蛋白,通过与其受体程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)结合,可以抑制T细胞激活,促进肿瘤的免疫逃逸[1]。目前,抗PD-1/PD-L1疗法是除手术、化疗、放疗、靶向药物等常见治疗手段之外最新的肿瘤免疫治疗方法之一。展开更多
This study focused on the screening of cadmium-resistant bacterial strains from Pb-Zn tailing. We investigated the diversity of microbial community inhabiting Dong-san-cha Pb-Zn tailing in Beijing, China, by polymeras...This study focused on the screening of cadmium-resistant bacterial strains from Pb-Zn tailing. We investigated the diversity of microbial community inhabiting Dong-san-cha Pb-Zn tailing in Beijing, China, by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of 16S rRNA gene of bacterial strain, and found two dominant strains in the DGGE profile. Using special culture media, we isolated two strong cadmium-resistant bacterial strains. On the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, BIOLOG, and 16S rDNA sequencing, the two strains were identified as Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter cloacae. Minimal inhibitory concentrations （MICs） of heavy metals for the bacteria were determined. E. cloacae showed higher MIC values for heavy metals and a larger range of antibiotic resistance than B. cereus.展开更多
Compared to other melon types, oriental sweet melon （Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino） is quite a different species with a shorter shelf-life due to its typical climacteric behavior and thin pericarp. The purpose of ...Compared to other melon types, oriental sweet melon （Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino） is quite a different species with a shorter shelf-life due to its typical climacteric behavior and thin pericarp. The purpose of this experiment is to explore the effects of co- treatment of enhanced freshness formulation （EFF） and 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP） on physiological changes and the content of aroma volatile compounds introduced by them of two oriental sweet melon cultivars （Yumeiren and Tianbao） during storage. The melons were stored in incubators with temperature of 15~C and a relative humidity of 85% for 24 d during which fruit quality and related physiological index were measured. Compared to the control, both treatments delayed fruit weight loss rate and kept the fruit firmness, water content and soluble solids content. Ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） activities showed fluctuations in treated melons, while lipoxygenase （LOX） activity （P〈0.01） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content （P〈0.05） decreased compared to control. During the early stage of storage, alcohols and aldehydes were the main volatile compounds, and esters gradually increased during storage. Of all the esters, acetic esters were the main components, followed by oxalic acid esters and other esters. The total content of aroma volatile compounds, esters, alcohols and aldehydes of co-treated melons were all higher than those of 1-MCP treated and control melons. In addition, the aroma volatile peak of co-treated melons occurred later than that of 1-MCP treated and control melons. In summary, co-treatment of EFF and 1-MCP was more beneficial than 1-MCP treatment to delay ripening and senescence, maintain fruit quality, enhance shelf-life and improve levels of aroma volatile compounds.展开更多
Lipoxygenases（LOXs） are a group of non-heme,iron-containing enzymes and extensively involved in plant growth and development,ripening and senescence,stress responses,biosynthesis of regulatory molecules and defense ...Lipoxygenases（LOXs） are a group of non-heme,iron-containing enzymes and extensively involved in plant growth and development,ripening and senescence,stress responses,biosynthesis of regulatory molecules and defense reaction.In our previous study,18 LOXs in melon genome were screened and identified,and five 13-LOX genes（CmLOX08,CmLOX10,CmLOX12,CmLOX13 and CmLOX18） were predicted to locate in chloroplast.Phylogenetic analysis result showed that the five genes have high homology with jasmonic acid（JA） biosynthesis-related LOXs from other plants.In addition,promoter analysis revealed that motifs of the five genes participate in gene expression regulated by hormones and stresses.Therefore,we analyzed the expressions of the five genes and LOX activity in leaves of four-leaf stage seedlings of oriental melon cultivar Yumeiren under abiotic stress：wounding,cold,high temperature and hydrogen peroxide（H_2O_2）,and signal molecule treatments：methyl jasmonate（MeJA）,abscisic acid（ABA） and salicylic acid（SA）.Real time qPCR revealed that wounding and H_2O_2 induced the expressions of all the five genes.Only CmLOX08 was induced by cold while only CmLOX13 was suppressed by high temperature.ABA induced the expressions of CmLOXIO and CmLOX12 while inhibited CmLOX13 and CmLOX18.MeJA increased the 3 genes expressions except CmLOX08 and CmLOX13,whereas SA decreased the effect,apart from CmLOX12.All the abiotic stresses and signal molecules treatments increased the LOX activity in leaves of oriental melon.In summary,the results suggest that the five genes have diverse functions in abiotic stress and hormone responses,and might participate in defense response.The data generated in this study will be helpful in subcellular localization and transgenic experiment to understand their precise roles in plant defense response.展开更多
Body,in culture study,is not simply a physical being,but a meaningful sign exposed power relations in society.Body even can be used as a narrative method.In Lady Chatterley’s Lover,there are several body images D.H.L...Body,in culture study,is not simply a physical being,but a meaningful sign exposed power relations in society.Body even can be used as a narrative method.In Lady Chatterley’s Lover,there are several body images D.H.Lawrence used to narrate the story.Through body narrative,the novel shows the subordinate and alienated humanity,and its struggling revolt in the turning of twentieth century.展开更多
文摘程序性细胞死亡蛋白1配体1(programmed cell death protein 1 ligand 1,PD-L1;又称CD274或B7-H1)是重要的免疫检查点蛋白,通过与其受体程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(programmed cell death protein 1,PD-1)结合,可以抑制T细胞激活,促进肿瘤的免疫逃逸[1]。目前,抗PD-1/PD-L1疗法是除手术、化疗、放疗、靶向药物等常见治疗手段之外最新的肿瘤免疫治疗方法之一。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20477051, 20521140076).
文摘This study focused on the screening of cadmium-resistant bacterial strains from Pb-Zn tailing. We investigated the diversity of microbial community inhabiting Dong-san-cha Pb-Zn tailing in Beijing, China, by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） of 16S rRNA gene of bacterial strain, and found two dominant strains in the DGGE profile. Using special culture media, we isolated two strong cadmium-resistant bacterial strains. On the basis of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, BIOLOG, and 16S rDNA sequencing, the two strains were identified as Bacillus cereus and Enterobacter cloacae. Minimal inhibitory concentrations （MICs） of heavy metals for the bacteria were determined. E. cloacae showed higher MIC values for heavy metals and a larger range of antibiotic resistance than B. cereus.
基金financially supported by the Key Project of Liaoning Province(2011215003)the Project of the Science and Technology Bureau of Shenyang,China(F12-277-1-26)
文摘Compared to other melon types, oriental sweet melon （Cucumis melo var. makuwa Makino） is quite a different species with a shorter shelf-life due to its typical climacteric behavior and thin pericarp. The purpose of this experiment is to explore the effects of co- treatment of enhanced freshness formulation （EFF） and 1-methylcyclopropene （1-MCP） on physiological changes and the content of aroma volatile compounds introduced by them of two oriental sweet melon cultivars （Yumeiren and Tianbao） during storage. The melons were stored in incubators with temperature of 15~C and a relative humidity of 85% for 24 d during which fruit quality and related physiological index were measured. Compared to the control, both treatments delayed fruit weight loss rate and kept the fruit firmness, water content and soluble solids content. Ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） activities showed fluctuations in treated melons, while lipoxygenase （LOX） activity （P〈0.01） and malondialdehyde （MDA） content （P〈0.05） decreased compared to control. During the early stage of storage, alcohols and aldehydes were the main volatile compounds, and esters gradually increased during storage. Of all the esters, acetic esters were the main components, followed by oxalic acid esters and other esters. The total content of aroma volatile compounds, esters, alcohols and aldehydes of co-treated melons were all higher than those of 1-MCP treated and control melons. In addition, the aroma volatile peak of co-treated melons occurred later than that of 1-MCP treated and control melons. In summary, co-treatment of EFF and 1-MCP was more beneficial than 1-MCP treatment to delay ripening and senescence, maintain fruit quality, enhance shelf-life and improve levels of aroma volatile compounds.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272154)
文摘Lipoxygenases（LOXs） are a group of non-heme,iron-containing enzymes and extensively involved in plant growth and development,ripening and senescence,stress responses,biosynthesis of regulatory molecules and defense reaction.In our previous study,18 LOXs in melon genome were screened and identified,and five 13-LOX genes（CmLOX08,CmLOX10,CmLOX12,CmLOX13 and CmLOX18） were predicted to locate in chloroplast.Phylogenetic analysis result showed that the five genes have high homology with jasmonic acid（JA） biosynthesis-related LOXs from other plants.In addition,promoter analysis revealed that motifs of the five genes participate in gene expression regulated by hormones and stresses.Therefore,we analyzed the expressions of the five genes and LOX activity in leaves of four-leaf stage seedlings of oriental melon cultivar Yumeiren under abiotic stress：wounding,cold,high temperature and hydrogen peroxide（H_2O_2）,and signal molecule treatments：methyl jasmonate（MeJA）,abscisic acid（ABA） and salicylic acid（SA）.Real time qPCR revealed that wounding and H_2O_2 induced the expressions of all the five genes.Only CmLOX08 was induced by cold while only CmLOX13 was suppressed by high temperature.ABA induced the expressions of CmLOXIO and CmLOX12 while inhibited CmLOX13 and CmLOX18.MeJA increased the 3 genes expressions except CmLOX08 and CmLOX13,whereas SA decreased the effect,apart from CmLOX12.All the abiotic stresses and signal molecules treatments increased the LOX activity in leaves of oriental melon.In summary,the results suggest that the five genes have diverse functions in abiotic stress and hormone responses,and might participate in defense response.The data generated in this study will be helpful in subcellular localization and transgenic experiment to understand their precise roles in plant defense response.
文摘Body,in culture study,is not simply a physical being,but a meaningful sign exposed power relations in society.Body even can be used as a narrative method.In Lady Chatterley’s Lover,there are several body images D.H.Lawrence used to narrate the story.Through body narrative,the novel shows the subordinate and alienated humanity,and its struggling revolt in the turning of twentieth century.
