Understanding the spatial interaction of ultrasounds based on three-dimensional dual-frequency ultrasonic field numerical simulation

A transient 3D model was established to investigate the effect of spatial interaction of ultrasounds on the dual-frequency ultrasonic field in magnesium alloy melt.The effects of insertion depth and tip shape of the ultrasonic rods,input pressures and their ratio on the acoustic field distribution were discussed in detail.Additionally,the spacing,angle,and insertion depth of two ultrasonic rods significantly affect the interaction between distinct ultrasounds.As a result,various acoustic pressure distributions and cavitation regions are obtained.The spherical rods mitigate the longitudinal and transversal attenuation of acoustic pressure and expand the cavitation volume by 53.7%and 31.7%,respectively,compared to the plate and conical rods.Increasing the input pressure will enlarge the cavitation region but has no effect on the acoustic pressure distribution pattern.The acoustic pressure ratio significantly affects the pressure distribution and the cavitation region,and the best cavitation effect is obtained at the ratio of 2:1(P15:P20).

A related degree-based frequent pattern mining algorithm for railway fault data

It is of great significance to improve the efficiency of railway production and operation by realizing the fault knowledge association through the efficient data mining algorithm.However,high utility quantitative frequent pattern mining algorithms in the field of data mining still suffer from the problems of low time-memory performance and are not easy to scale up.In the context of such needs,we propose a related degree-based frequent pattern mining algorithm,named Related High Utility Quantitative Item set Mining(RHUQI-Miner),to enable the effective mining of railway fault data.The algorithm constructs the item-related degree structure of fault data and gives a pruning optimization strategy to find frequent patterns with higher related degrees,reducing redundancy and invalid frequent patterns.Subsequently,it uses the fixed pattern length strategy to modify the utility information of the item in the mining process so that the algorithm can control the length of the output frequent pattern according to the actual data situation and further improve the performance and practicability of the algorithm.The experimental results on the real fault dataset show that RHUQI-Miner can effectively reduce the time and memory consumption in the mining process,thus providing data support for differentiated and precise maintenance strategies.

Predicting bioactive compounds and cancer-related molecular targets of lotus seedpod (Receptaculum Nelumbinis) based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Background:Lotus seedpod(Receptaculum Nelumbinis)is the abundant by-products produced during lotus seed processing,and the sources are usually considered to be wastes and are abandoned outdoors or incinerated.This study aims at predicting its bioactive compounds and cancer-related molecular targets against six cancers,including lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,breast cancer,ovarian cancer and cervical cancer.Methods:Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were performed.Results:Network pharmacology results indicated that 14 core compounds(liensinine,tetrandrine,lysicamine,tricin,sanleng acid,cireneol G,ricinoleic acid,linolenic acid,5,7-dihydroxycoumarin,apigenin,luteolin,morin,quercetin and isorhamnetin)and 10 core targets(AKT1,ESR1,HSP90AA1,JUN,MAPK1,MAPK3,PIK3CA,PIK3R1,SRC and STAT3)were screened for lotus seedpod against the six cancers.Molecular docking analysis suggested that the binding abilities between the core compounds and the core targets were mostly strong.GO analysis revealed that the intersected targets between the bioactive compounds of lotus seedpod and the six cancers were significantly related to biological processes,cell compositions and molecular functions.KEGG analysis showed that PI3K-Akt,TNF,Ras,MAPK,HIF-1 and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathways were notably involved in the anti-cancer activities of lotus seedpod against the six cancers.Conclusions:14 core compounds and 10 core targets were screened for lotus seedpod against lung cancer,gastric cancer,liver cancer,breast cancer,ovarian cancer and cervical cancer.This study supports the application of lotus seedpod in treating cancers,and promotes the recycling and the high-value utilization.

The ABA-induced NAC transcription factor MdNAC1 interacts with a bZIP-type transcription factor to promote anthocyanin synthesis in red-fleshed apples

Anthocyanins are valuable compounds in red-fleshed apples.The MdMYB10 transcription factor is an important regulator of the anthocyanin synthesis pathway.However,other transcription factors are key components of the complex network controlling anthocyanin synthesis and should be more thoroughly characterized.In this study,we used a yeast-based screening technology to identify MdNAC1 as a transcription factor that positively regulates anthocyanin synthesis.The overexpression of MdNAC1 in apple fruits and calli significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanins.In binding experiments,we demonstrated that MdNAC1 combines with the bZIP-type transcription factor MdbZIP23 to activate the transcription of MdMYB10 and MdUFGT.Our analyses also indicated that the expression of MdNAC1 is strongly induced by ABA because of the presence of an ABRE cis-acting element in its promoter.Additionally,the accumulation of anthocyanins in apple calli co-transformed with MdNAC1 and MdbZIP23 increased in the presence of ABA.Therefore,we revealed a novel anthocyanin synthesis mechanism involving the ABA-induced transcription factor MdNAC1 in red-fleshed apples.

严重产后出血并发急性肾损伤患者的甲状旁腺激素变化的临床意义

目的初步探讨严重产后出血并发急性肾损伤患者的甲状旁腺激素变化的临床意义。方法采用前瞻性研究,选取2014年6月-2016年6月该院严重产后出血并发急性肾损伤患者相关资料[年龄、总出血量、总去甲肾上腺素(NA)的用量、肌酐(Cr)、离子钙(i Ca^(2+))、离子磷(P)、急性生理与慢性健康(APACHEⅡ)评分及甲状旁腺激素(PTH)]进行统计学分析。结果共收集符合条件患者80例,分为并发急性肾损伤(AKI)Ⅰ级组患者23例,AKIⅡ级组患者34例,AKIⅢ级组患者23例,3组在入重症加强护理病房(ICU)时各项指标比较,其中,NA总用量、i Ca^(2+)和P比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而年龄、Cr、出血量、APACHEⅡ评分及PTH比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.00)。3组治疗前后的Cr、APACHEⅡ评分、i Ca^(2+)、P和PTH比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.00)。3组在好转后转出ICU时比较,Cr、APACHEⅡ评分和PTH比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),i Ca^(2+)和P差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PTH和Cr、APACHEⅡ评分呈正相关,与i Ca^(2+)无相关。结论甲状旁腺激素在严重产后出血的急性肾损伤患者中的变化与病情严重程度有关,和i Ca^(2+)关系不大。

MdMYB6 regulates anthocyanin formation in apple both through direct inhibition of the biosynthesis pathway and through substrate removal

Anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar metabolism are important processes during plant growth,but the molecular interactions underlying these pathways are still unclear.In this work,we analyzed the anthocyanin and soluble sugar contents,as well as the transcript levels of transcription factors that are known to be related to the biosynthesis of anthocyanin in‘Hongcui 1’apple flesh during fruit development.Overexpression of MdMYB6 in red-fleshed calli was found to reduce anthocyanin content and result in downregulated expression of the MdANS and MdGSTF12 proteins.Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses showed that MdMYB6 could directly bind to the promoters of MdANS and MdGSTF12,indicating that MdMYB6 could inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MdANS and MdGSTF12.Overexpression of MdTMT1 in the Arabidopsis tmt1 mutant restored the glucose and fructose contents to the wild-type levels,while overexpression of MdTMT1 in red-fleshed calli increased the contents of glucose and fructose but reduced the contents of UDP-glucose,UDP-galactose,and anthocyanin.Using a GUS reporter system,yeast one-hybrid,chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift analyses,we found that MdMYB6 could bind to the promoter of MdTMT1,resulting in increased promoter activity.Overexpression of MdMYB6 in calli overexpressing MdTMT1 increased the expression of MdTMT1,which led to reduced contents of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose and decreased anthocyanin content compared to those of the calli that overexpressed MdTMT1.This finding suggested that MdMYB6 could also inhibit anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating MdTMT1 to decrease the contents of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose.Taken together,these results showed that MdMYB6 and MdTMT1 play key roles in both anthocyanin biosynthesis and sugar transport.

An Improved Method for the Fitting and Prediction of the Number of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases Based on LSTM

New coronavirus disease(COVID-19)has constituted a global pandemic and has spread to most countries and regions in the world.Through understanding the development trend of confirmed cases in a region,the government can control the pandemic by using the corresponding policies.However,the common traditional mathematical differential equations and population prediction models have limitations for time series population prediction,and even have large estimation errors.To address this issue,we propose an improved method for predicting confirmed cases based on LSTM(Long-Short Term Memory)neural network.This work compares the deviation between the experimental results of the improved LSTM prediction model and the digital prediction models(such as Logistic and Hill equations)with the real data as reference.Furthermore,this work uses the goodness of fitting to evaluate the fitting effect of the improvement.Experiments show that the proposed approach has a smaller prediction deviation and a better fitting effect.Compared with the previous forecasting methods,the contributions of our proposed improvement methods are mainly in the following aspects:1)we have fully considered the spatiotemporal characteristics of the data,rather than single standardized data.2)the improved parameter settings and evaluation indicators are more accurate for fitting and forecasting.3)we consider the impact of the epidemic stage and conduct reasonable data processing for different stage.

Presepsin as a novel sepsis biomarker

BACKGROUND: In 2004, a new biomarker sCD14-subtypes(presepsin) was found and its value was shown in the diagnosis and evaluation of sepsis. This article is a brief overview of the new biomarker.DATA SOURCES: A literature search using multiple databases was performed for articles, especially meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and randomized controlled trials.RESULTS: Compared with other markers, presepsin seems to have a better sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of sepsis. Presepsin as a biom1 arker is not only suitable for the early diagnosis of sepsis, but also for the assessment of its severity and prognosis.CONCLUSIONS: Presepsin has a higher sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of sepsis as a new biomarker, and is a predictor for the prognosis of sepsis. More importantly, preseptin seems to play a crucial role as a supplemental method in the early diagnosis of sepsis. Since there is no multicenter study on the relationship between presepsin and sepsis, further studies on the clinical values of presepsin are needed.

Rail fastener defect inspection method for multi railways based on machine vision

Purpose–This research aims to improve the performance of rail fastener defect inspection method for multi railways,to effectively ensure the safety of railway operation.Design/methodology/approach–Firstly,a fastener region location method based on online learning strategy was proposed,which can locate fastener regions according to the prior knowledge of track image and template matching method.Online learning strategy is used to update the template library dynamically,so that the method not only can locate fastener regions in the track images of multi railways,but also can automatically collect and annotate fastener samples.Secondly,a fastener defect recognition method based on deep convolutional neural network was proposed.The structure of recognition network was designed according to the smaller size and the relatively single content of the fastener region.The data augmentation method based on the sample random sorting strategy is adopted to reduce the impact of the imbalance of sample size on recognition performance.Findings–Test verification of the proposed method is conducted based on the rail fastener datasets of multi railways.Specifically,fastener location module has achieved an average detection rate of 99.36%,and fastener defect recognition module has achieved an average precision of 96.82%.Originality/value–The proposed method can accurately locate fastener regions and identify fastener defect in the track images of different railways,which has high reliability and strong adaptability to multi railways.

Integration of“Learning to Strengthen the Country”and“Offline Teaching”Concepts in the“Curriculum Ideology and Politics”Education among Graduate Students

Since the socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered this new era,the“curriculum ideology and politics”concept has become one of the innovative achievements in the reformation of ideological and political education courses in colleges as well as universities.Based on the emphasis of“curriculum ideology and politics”among graduate students and the influence of the“learning to strengthen the country”concept,this article analyzes universities in regard to the curriculum settings,faculties,and their graduate students.It also explores the“curriculum ideology and politics”concept in consideration of the ontology of teaching,school education,social influence,etc.,and propose practical and extendable countermeasures.

Myeloid sarcoma with ulnar nerve entrapment:A case report

BACKGROUND Myeloid sarcoma(MS) is relatively rare,occurring mainly in the skin and lymph nodes,and MS invasion of the ulnar nerve is particularly unusual.The main aim of this article is to present a case of MS invading the brachial plexus,causing ulnar nerve entrapment syndrome,and to further clinical understanding of the possibility of MS invasion of peripheral nerves.CASE SUMMARY We present the case of a 46-year-old man with a 13-year history of well-treated acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia who was admitted to the hospital after presenting with numbness and pain in his left little finger.The initial diagnosis was considered a simple case of nerve entrapment disease,with magnetic resonance imaging showing slightly abnormal left brachial plexus nerve alignment with local thickening,entrapment,and high signal on compression lipid images.Due to the severity of the ulnar nerve compression,we surgically investigated and cleared the entrapment and nerve tissue hyperplasia;however,subsequent pathological biopsy results revealed evidence of MS.The patient had significant relief from his neurological symptoms,with no postoperative complications,and was referred to the haemato-oncology department for further consultation about the primary disease.This is the first report of safe treatment of ulnar nerve entrapment from MS.It is intended to inform hand surgeons that nerve entrapment may be associated with extramedullary MS,as a rare presenting feature of the disease.CONCLUSION MS invasion of the brachial plexus and surrounding tissues of the upper arm,resulting in ulnar nerve entrapment and degeneration with significant neurological pain and numbness in the little finger,is uncommon.Surgical treatment significantly relieved the patient’s nerve entrapment symptoms and prevented further neurological impairment.This case is reported to highlight the rare presenting features of MS.

Enhancement of mechanical properties of GTAW joints for ZC63 magnesium alloy by post-weld heat treatment

To further improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded(GTAW)welded joints for ZC63 magnesium alloy,post-weld heat treatment is carried out.It is found that the majority of the MgZnCu phase in the fusion zone(FZ)is dissolved in theα-Mg matrix under suitable heat treatment conditions.The remainder is diffusely distributed as rods or granules at the grain bound-aries.The excessive heat treatment temperature(460℃)leads to abnormal grain growth(AGG)in the FZ.The substructure gradient between the abnormally grown grains and the surrounding small grains pro-vides the driving force for AGG.Meanwhile,the dissolution of the MgZnCu phase weakens the hindering effect of the second phase on grain boundary migration,setting the stage for AGG.In addition,the detri-mental impact of the continuous MgZnCu phase on the mechanical properties of the welded joint is also lessened by its dissolution.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS),yield strength(YS)and elongation(EL)of the welded joints are 255 MPa,119 MPa and 27.0%,respectively,under the post-weld heat treatment process of 440℃×12 h.The welding coefficient of the welded joint reaches 97.0%,satisfying the service criteria set forth by the mechanical properties of the welded joints.

Modulating single-molecule charge transport through external stimulus

Understanding and tuning charge transport over a single molecule is a fundamental topic in molecular electronics.Single-molecule junctions composed of individual molecules attached to two electrodes are the most common components built for single-molecule charge transport studies.During the past two decades,rapid technical and theoretical advances in single-molecule junctions have increased our understanding of the conductance properties and functions of molecular devices.In this perspective article,we introduce the basic principles of charge transport in single-molecule junctions,then give an overview of recent progress in modulating single-molecule transport through external stimuli such as electric field and potential,light,mechanical force,heat,and chemical environment.Lastly,we discuss challenges and offer views on future developments in molecular electronics.

Unveiling mitophagy-mediated molecular heterogeneity and development of a risk signature model for colorectal cancer by integrated scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq analysis

Background:Accumulating researchers have recognized mitophagy as a key player in tumors,but few studies have investigated its role in the tumor microenvironment(TME).Advances in the technology of single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)have allowed unveiling the concealed features of the TME at cellular resolution.This study aimed to elucidate the role of mitophagy within the TME of colorectal cancer(CRC)and to establish a mitophagy-mediated risk model.Methods:We assessed mitophagy-related pathway activities at both single-cell and tissue levels.Subsequently,an unsupervised clustering algorithm was employed to identify mitophagy-mediated subtypes.Furthermore,we developed a mitophagy-mediated risk signature(MMRS)using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)Cox analysis and constructed a MMRS model incorporating the risk score and clinical variables.Subsequently,we used quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis to verify the expression of the screened genes.Results:We retrieved and annotated a total of 14,719 cells from eight samples in the scRNA-seq GSE132465 data set.The activities of mitophagy-related pathways were uniformly upregulated in cancer cells.Integrating with bulk RNA-seq data,we identified two mitophagy-mediated clusters(C1 and C2)with distinct characteristics and prognoses.C2 was identified as a mitophagy-high cluster.Then,we developed a five-gene MMRS via LASSO Cox analysis in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)cohort.We utilized the GSE39582 cohort to validate the efficacy of our model.The expression of CX3CL1 and INHBB was upregulated in CRC tissues.Conclusions:The present study identified two mitophagy-mediated CRC subtypes with distinct features.Our MMRS may provide potential therapeutic strategies for CRC.The findings of our work offer novel insights into the involvement of mitophagy in CRC.

On-chip sorting of orbital angular momentum beams using Bloch surface wave structures

Owing to their unique optical properties and new degrees of freedom,orbital angular momentum(OAM)beams have been applied in various fields.Detection of the topological charges(TCs)of OAM beams is the key step for their applications.However,on-chip sorting of OAM beams with large TCs still remains a challenge.In this paper,Bloch surface wave(BSW)structures with five semi-ring shaped nanoslits are modeled.A spatial separation of 135 nm on the chip is obtained between two neighboring OAM states.OAM beams with TCs up to 35 can be successfully sorted by the BSW structures,which is much larger than that using metallic structures(only seven).BSW structures exhibit better OAM sorting performances than metallic structures.We systematically show how the lower attenuation of BSW structures leads to far superior separation ability compared to surface plasmons propagating on metallic structures.In addition,sorting of two OAM beams with different TCs simultaneously can be achieved in this way.Our results reveal that BSW structures should be an excellent solution for OAM sorting with large TCs,which is beneficial for applications in integrated on-chip devices and optical communications.

Effects of external field treatment on the electrochemical behaviors and discharge performance of AZ80 anodes for Mg-air batteries

In this work,the effects of external field treatment on electrochemical behaviors and discharge performance of as-cast Mg-8%Al-0.5%Zn(wt%)anodes for Mg-air batteries are systematically investigated in3.5 wt%Na Cl solution.The external field treatment particularly the variable-frequency ultrasonic field can dramatically refine theα-Mg grains andμphases.The grain size decreases from 1594.8±43μm(untreated billet)to 140.6±15μm after variable-frequency ultrasonic field treatment.The values of open circuit potential,electrochemical activity and corrosion resistance of Mg-8%Al-0.5%Zn anode are improved with external field treatment,which should be attributed to refined grains and dispersiveαphase.The external field treatment especially the variable-frequency ultrasonic field improves stability and the value of cell voltage,and enhances the discharge performance of the Mg-8%Al-0.5%Zn anode.The variable-frequency ultrasonic field treated anode has the best discharge capacity and anodic efficiency at current density of 45 m A cm-2,with the values of 1417 m A h g-1 and 63.3%,respectively.The ultrasonic field vibration changes the dissolution behavior ofα-Mg matrix during the discharge process,showing the oriented surface morphologies.

In situ monitoring of atmospheric nitrous acid based on multi-pumping flow system and liquid waveguide capillary cell

In the last four decades, various techniques including spectroscopic, wet chemical and mass spectrometric methods, have been developed and applied for the detection of ambient nitrous acid（HONO）. We developed a HONO detection system based on long path photometry which consists of three independent modules i.e., sampling module, fluid propulsion module and detection module. In the propulsion module, solenoid pumps are applied. With solenoid pumps the pulsed flow can be computer controlled both in terms of pump stroke volume and pulse frequency, which enables the attainment of a very stable flow rate. In the detection module, a customized Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cell（LWCC） is used. The customized LWCC pre-sets the optical fiber in-coupling with the liquid wave guide, providing the option of fast startup and easy maintenance of the absorption photometry. In summer 2014, our system was deployed in a comprehensive campaign at a rural site in the North China Plain. More than one month of high quality HONO data spanning from the limit of detection to 5 ppb were collected. Intercomparison of our system with another established system from Forschungszentrum Juelich is presented and discussed. In conclusion, our instrument achieved a detection limit of 10 ppt V within2 min and a measurement uncertainty of 7%, which is well suited for investigation of the HONO budget from urban to rural conditions in China.

HO_(2)非均相摄取系数的测量与参数化

HO_(2)自由基与环境大气气溶胶的非均相反应是HO_(2)自由基的重要汇之一,对大气氧化能力有重要影响,对大气颗粒物的物化性质等进一步产生影响。HO_(2)的非均相反应过程的定量描述对不同地区大气氧化性与臭氧生成能力等问题的探求具有重要意义。目前不同研究小组测量的摄取系数可相差3到5个数量级,深入探究不同条件下不同种类气溶胶对HO_(2)自由基的非均相摄取机制,对摄取机制进行参数化表达,并准确测量摄取系数是量化其环境影响的关键。本文深入介绍了HO_(2)非均相摄取的原理与参数化表达,总结了已有的研究结果与进展,对不同的影响因素进行总结分析,并对此领域未来的发展方向提出建议与展望。

Preparation of high performance YGdBCO films by low fluorine TFA-MOD process

YBCO films doped with different contents of gadolinium(Gd) were prepared by the low-fluorine(low-F)trifluoroacetate metal-organic deposition(MOD) method.The effects of flow rate and holding time of the firing(crystallization) stage on the superconducting properties of YxGd1-xBa2 Cu3 O7-δ(YGdBCO) films were investigated.The phase formation and texture were characterized by the X-ray diffraction(XRD),which indicate that severe degradation of the microstructure will be induced with the inappropriate flow rate.The surface morphology and element distribution were investigated by the scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).The results show that increasing the holding time of the firing stage is effective for the further decomposition of residual impurity phase on the surface.The mechanisms of the phase and surface evolution are also discussed.Finally,a high critical current density(Jc) value of 5.4 MA/cm2 was achieved in the Y0.9Gd0.1BCO film fabricated by the cooperative control of the flow rate and holding time of the firing stage,which are contributed to the formation of excellent texture,homogeneous microstructure and dense surface of the YGdBCO films.

Single-shot three-input phase retrieval for quantitative back focal plane measurement

This paper presents quantitative measurements facilitated with a new optical system that implements a single-shot three-input phase retrieval algorithm. The new system allows simultaneous acquisition of three distinct input patterns, thus eliminating the requirement for mechanical movement and reducing any registration errors and microphonics. We demonstrate the application of the system for measurement and separation of two distinct attenuation measurements of surface waves, namely, absorption and coupling loss. This is achieved by retrieving the phase in the back focal plane and performing a series of virtual optics computations. This overcomes the need to use a complicated series of hardware manipulations with a spatial light modulator. This gives a far more accurate and faster measurement with a simpler optical system. We also demonstrate that phase measurements allow us to implement different measurement methods to acquire the excitation angle for surface plasmons. Depending on the noise statistics different methods have superior performance, so the best method under particular conditions can be selected. Since the measurements are only weakly correlated, they may also be combined for improved noise performance. The results presented here offer a template for a wider class of measurements in the back focal plane including ellipsometry.