Microenvironment and related genes predict outcomes of patients with cervical cancer:evidence from TCGA and bioinformatic analysis

Cervical cancer(CESC)is one of the most common cancers and affects the female genital tract.Consistent HPV infection status has been determined to be a vital cause of tumorigenesis.HPV infection may induce changes to the immune system and limit the host’s immune response.Immunotherapy is therefore essential to improving the overall survival of both locally advanced and recurrent CESC patients.Using 304 relevant samples from TCGA,we assessed immune cell function in CESC patients to better understand the status of both tumor micro-environment cells and immune cells in CESC.Functional enrichment analysis,pathway enrichment analysis,and PPI network construction were performed to explore the differentially expressed genes(DEGs).The analysis identified 425 DEGs,which included 295 up-regulated genes and 130 down-regulated genes.We established that upregulation of CCL5 was correlated with significantly better survival,meaning that CCL5 expression could serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for CESC patients.We further focused on CCL5 as a hub gene in CESC,as it had significant correlations with increased numbers of several types of immune cells.Cell-type fractions of M1 macrophages were significantly higher in the high-immune-scores group,which was associated with better overall survival.Finally,we concluded that CCL5 is a promising prognostic biomarker for CESC,as well as a novel chemotherapeutic target.

Mongolian medicine in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via FXR/LXR-mediated P2X7R/NLRP3/NF-κB pathway activation

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)are the most problematic metabolic diseases in the world.NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of severity,ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)and fibrosis,increasing the risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Importantly,NAFLD is closely linked to obesity and tightly interrelated with insulin resistance and T2DM.T2DM and NAFLD(T2DM-NAFLD)are called as the Xike Rixijing Disease and Tonglaga Indigestion Disease respectively,in Mongolian medicine.Xike Rixijing Disease maybe develop into Tonglaga Indigestion Disease.Forturnately many Mongolian medicines show efficient treatment of T2DM-NAFLD,such as Agriophyllum squarrosum,Haliyasu(dried powder of camel placenta),Digeda-4(herbs of Lomatogonium carinthiacum,rhizomata of Coptis chinensis,ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides,herbs of Dianthus superbus),Guangmingyan Siwei Decoction Powder(Halite,ripe fruits of Terminalia chebula,rhizomata of Zingiber officinale,fruit clusters of Piper longum),Tonglaga-5(ripe fruits of Punica granatum,barks of Cinnamomum cassia,ripe fruits of Amomum kravanh,fruit clusters of Piper longum,fowers of Carthamus tinctorius),Tegexidegeqi(rhizomata of Inula helenium,ripe fruits of Gardenia jasminoides,rhizomata of Platycodon grandiflorum,rhizomata of Coptis chinensis,heartwood of Caesalpinia sappan),Ligan Shiliu Bawei San(ripe fruits of Punica granatum,barks of Cinnamomum cassia,ripe fruits of Amomum kravanh,fruit clusters of Piper longum,fowers of Carthamus tinctorius,ripe fruits of Amomum tsao-ko,rhizomata of Zingiber officinale),etc.Principles of Mongolian medicine in treating diseases:by balancing“three essences or roots”and“seven elements”,strengthening liver and kidney function,transporting nutrients to enhance physical strength and disease resistance,and combined with drugs for comprehensive conditioning treatment.However,their molecular mechanisms remain unclear.In this review,we prospect that Mongolian medicines might be a promising treatment for T2DM-NAFLD by activating P2X7R/NLRP3/NF-κB infammatory pathway via lipid-sensitive nuclear receptors(i.e.,FXR and LXR).