近四十年来江苏省中药资源品种、分布变化及其成因分析

介绍了江苏省第四次中药资源普查工作物种调查成果,发现江苏省域中药资源种类2173种,与第三次普查结果相比超出715种,发现植物新种1个,新分布及新引种资源植物5种。通过将江苏省第三次中药资源普查与第四次资源普查工作调查中药资源种数变化进行比较分析,探究了江苏省域第四次中药资源普查品种大幅度增加及减少的成因,并从服务地方产业发展、提升科研能力及提高人才培养质量方面进行了总结与展望。

基于网络药理学和生物信息学的结肠炎奇效颗粒治疗溃疡性结肠炎作用机制研究

目的运用网络药理学和生物信息学方法挖掘结肠炎奇效颗粒治疗溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的活性成分、作用靶点和相关通路,探讨该方治疗UC的作用机制。方法以全方化学成分为基础,利用中药系统药理学分析平台(TCMSP)、化学专业数据库和Swiss ADME数据库寻找并筛选其作用靶点,从DiGSeE和Gene Cards数据库获取UC相关靶标,取二者交集得“药物-疾病”交集靶标;通过STRING数据库和Cytoscape软件进行可视化分析,构建“药物-疾病-靶标”网络,基于网络节点拓扑特征筛选核心靶点;采用DAVID 6.8数据库对核心靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析,结合相关文献分析结肠炎奇效颗粒防治UC的作用机制。结果在结肠炎奇效颗粒中共筛选出12个潜在活性成分和269个潜在作用靶点;获取疾病交集靶点64个,核心靶点32个;GO功能分析包含32个富集结果,主要涉及炎症反应、NO生物合成过程的正调控等生物学功能;KEGG通路富集得到32条通路,包括癌症途径、肿瘤坏死因子信号通路等代谢途径。结论网络药理学结果揭示了结肠炎奇效颗粒治疗UC多成分、多靶点、多层次、多途径的特点,预测了可能的活性成分、关键靶点和作用机制,且预测与药理实验之间具有较高重合度,可相互验证,为后续有效部位的筛选和药效物质基础的研究提供线索和参考。

藏药矮紫堇的化学成分及药理作用研究进展

矮紫堇是我国的传统藏药,其基原为罂粟科植物尼泊尔黄堇和尖突黄堇,具有悠久的应用历史。其性凉味苦,民间多用于治疗肠炎、脉管炎及“木布”等疾病。现代研究表明,矮紫堇含有生物碱、黄酮、五环三萜等多种有效成分,具有解热、镇痛、抗炎及抗氧化等功效,可用于治疗高原性红细胞增多症。本文对矮紫堇的化学成分和药理作用进行了综述,并对其未来发展进行了展望,以期为矮紫堇的合理开发利用及资源保护提供一定的科学依据。

结肠炎奇效颗粒中化学成分的UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE分析

目的:为了系统分析复方中药结肠炎奇效颗粒的化学组成,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱法(UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE)对该制剂中主要化学成分进行了快速鉴定和归属。方法:色谱条件采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)进行梯度洗脱(0~2 min,5%B;2~16 min,5%~21%B;16~30 min,21%~95%B;30~33 min,95%B;33~34 min,95%~5%B;34~37 min,5%B),流速0.3 mL·min-1,柱温30℃,进样量2μL。质谱分析使用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正、负离子模式扫描,扫描范围m/z 60~1 200,MSE模式采集数据。通过与对照品、参考文献和自建数据库信息比对后对各离子峰进行鉴定。结果:从结肠炎奇效颗粒中共分离和鉴定出102个化学成分,包括有机酸类、黄酮及其苷类、三萜类、苯乙醇苷类、鞣质类、环烯醚萜苷类等,其中黄酮及其苷类主要来源于骨碎补和山楂,苯乙醇苷类和环烯醚萜苷类来源于车前子,三萜类和鞣质类主要来源于山楂和诃子,且已鉴定化学成分包含骨碎补中成分28个,车前子中成分31个,诃子肉中成分53个以及山楂中成分58个。结论:建立的UPLC-Q-TOF/MSE能全面快速地分析结肠炎奇效颗粒中的化学成分,初步阐明了该颗粒剂的化学成分轮廓,可为其药效物质基础及质量控制研究奠定基础。

基于UPLC-Q-TOF/MS;分析不同炮制时间炒车前子的化学成分变化规律

目的:为探究不同炮制时间炒车前子化学成分变化情况,采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法(UPLCQ-TOF/MSE)对不同炒制时间炒车前子中差异成分进行快速鉴定和半定量分析。方法:色谱条件采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C_(18)色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.8μm),流动相0.1%甲酸水溶液(A)-乙腈(B)梯度洗脱(0~1 min,5%~10%B;1~2 min,10%~15%B;2~10 min,15%~20%B;10~12 min,20%~40%B;12~13 min,40%~100%B;13~14 min,100%~5%B;14~15 min,5%B),流速0.3 mL·min^(-1),柱温40℃,进样量3μL。质谱分析使用电喷雾离子源(ESI),正、负离子模式检测,扫描范围为m/z50~1500。采用MarkerLynx 4.1软件挖掘差异化合物,比较不同炒制时间样品各离子峰的离子响应强度,研究化学成分含量变化情况。结果:共找到具有潜在的显著性差异成分20个,其中17个成分已鉴定,3个成分未知,主要包括苯乙醇苷类、环烯醚萜苷类、生物碱类等。炮制后蔗糖、京尼平苷酸、毛蕊花糖苷、车前素A等7个成分峰强度降低;orobanchoside,dianthoside和车前草苷D峰强度在炒制过程中先升高后降低;去咖啡酰基毛蕊花糖苷,木通苯乙醇苷A,异毛蕊花糖苷等10个成分峰强度升高,其中9个为新生成成分。结论:炒制后,炒车前子化学成分的含量和组成均发生了显著变化,这可能与车前子炒制后通便作用减弱、止泻利尿活性增强有关。

Antihyperglycemic,antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of standard ethanol extract of Bombax ceiba leaves in high-fat-diet-and streptozotocin-induced Type 2 diabetic rats

The present study aimed at exploring the therapeutic potential of standard extract of Bombax ceiba L.leaves(BCE) in type 2 diabetic mellitus(T2DM).Oral administration of BCE at doses of 70,140,and 280 mg·kg^(-1),to the normal rats and the high-fat-diet-and streptozotocin-induced T2 DM rats were carried out.Effects of BCE on blood glucose,body weight,and a range of serum biochemical parameters were tested,and histopathological observation of pancreatic tissues was also performed.HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS/MS analysis indicated that the chemical composition of BCE mainly contained mangiferin,isoorientin,vitexin,isomangiferin,isovitexin,quercetin hexoside,2'-trans-O-cumaroyl mangiferin,and nigricanside.BCE caused a significant decrease in the concentrations of fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol,serum insulin,and malondialdehyde,and increases in oral glucose tolerance,high density lipoprotein-cholesterol,and superoxide dismutase in the T2 DM model rats.Moreover,considerable pancreatic β-cells protection effect and stimulation of insulin secretion from the remaining pancreatic β-cells could be observed after BCE treatment.The results indicated that BCE exhibited an excellent hypoglycemic activity,and alleviated dyslipidemia which is associated with T2 DM.Antioxidant activity and protecting pancreatic β-cells are the possible mechanisms involved in anti-diabetic activity of BCE.

Effects of ethanol extract of Bombax ceiba leaves and its main constituent mangiferin on diabetic nephropathy in mice

The present study was designed to explore the mechanism by which ethanol extract of Bombax ceiba leaves(BCE) and its main constituent mangiferin(MGF) affect diabetic nephropathy by combating oxidative stress. Oral administration of BCE and MGF to normal and streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice were carried out. Fasting blood glucose, 24-h urinary albumin, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen were tested, histopathology, and immunohistochemical analysis of kidney tissues were performed. Moreover, mesangial cells were treated with BCE and MGF for 48 h with or without 25 mmol·L^(-1) of glucose. Immunofluorescence, Western blot and apoptosis analyses were used to investigate their regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. BCE and MGF ameliorated biochemical parameters and restored STZ-induced renal injury in the model mice. In vitro study showed that high glucose stimulation increased oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in mesangial cells. BCE and MGF limited mitochondrial membrane potential(Δψm) collapse by inhibiting Nox4, mitochondrially bound hexokinase II dissociation, and subsequent ROS production, which effectively reduced oxidative stress, cleaved caspase-3 expression and cell apoptosis. Our work indicated that BCE and MGF had protective effects on diabetic caused kidney injury and prevented oxidative stress in mesangial cells by regulation of hexokinase II binding and Nox4 oxidase signaling.

Molecular diversity analysis of Tetradium ruticarpum(Wu Zhu Yu) in China based on inter-primer binding site(iPBS) markers and inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) markers

"Wu zhu yu", which is obtained from the dried unripe fruits of Tetradium ruticarpum(A. Jussieu) T. G. Hartley, has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of headaches, abdominal colic, and hypertension for thousands of years. The present study was designed to assess the molecular genetic diversity among 25 collected accessions of T. ruticarpum(Wu zhu yu in Chinese) from different areas of China, based on inter-primer binding site(i PBS) markers and inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) markers. Thirteen ISSR primers generated 151 amplification bands, of which 130 were polymorphic. Out of 165 bands that were amplified using 10 iPBS primers, 152 were polymorphic. The iPBS markers displayed a higher proportion of polymorphic loci(PPL = 92.5%) than the ISSR markers(PPL = 84.9%). The results showed that T. ruticarpum possessed high loci polymorphism and genetic differentiation occurred in this plant. The combined data of iPBS and ISSR markers scored on 25 accessions produced five clusters that approximately matched the geographic distribution of the species. The results indicated that both iPBS and ISSR markers were reliable and effective tools for analyzing the genetic diversity in T. ruticarpum.

Cause and control of Radix Ophiopogonis browning during storage

In the storage of Radix Ophiopogonis, browning often happens to cause potential risk with regard to safety. Previously few reports investigate the browning of Radix Ophiopogonis. In this research, the causes and mechanisms of the browning of Radix Ophiopogonis were preliminarily elucidated. Content determination by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and spectrophotometry, enzyme activity determination by colorimetry, and morphological observation by electron microscopy were performed in the present study. Uniform design and three-dimensional response surfaces were applied to investigate the relationship between browning and storage factors. The cortex cell wall of browned Radix Ophiopogonis was ruptured. Compared with the normal Radix Ophiopogonis, cellulase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes were activated, the levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF), total sugars, and reducing sugars were increased, while the levels of polysaccharides and methylophiopogonanone A were decreased in browned Radix Ophiopogonis. The relationship between the storage factors and degree of browning(Y) could be described by following correlation equation: Y =- 0.625 4 + 0.020 84 × X3 + 0.001 514 × X1× X2 – 0.000 964 4 × X2× X3. Accompanied with browning under storage conditions, the chemical composition of Radix Ophiopogonis was altered. Following the activation of cellulase, the rupture of the cortex cell wall and the outflow of cell substances flowed out, which caused the Radix Ophiopogonis tissue to become soft and sticky. The main causes of the browning were the production of 5-HMF, the activation of polyphenol oxidase, Maillard reactions and enzymatic browning. Browning could be effectively prevented when the air relative humidity(HR), temperature, and moisture content were under 25% RH, 12°C and 18%, respectively.