利用年际增量、小波分析和回归分析等方法深入分析了秋季热带印度洋偶极子(Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole,TIOD)年际振荡对次年长江上游年径流量的影响特征及其物理机理。结果表明,长江上游年径流量和秋季TIOD均具有显著的年际振荡特征,...利用年际增量、小波分析和回归分析等方法深入分析了秋季热带印度洋偶极子(Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole,TIOD)年际振荡对次年长江上游年径流量的影响特征及其物理机理。结果表明,长江上游年径流量和秋季TIOD均具有显著的年际振荡特征,在20世纪80年代以前和90年代之后尤为明显。两者的滞后相关系数为0.42,通过了99.9%的显著性检验,即秋季TIOD较前一年增强(减弱),有利于次年长江上游径流量较前一年偏多(少)。秋季TIOD对次年长江上游年径流量多寡的影响,是通过调制降水,尤其是夏季降水来实现的。当秋季TIOD增强时,赤道印度洋海温呈东西"-+"分布,其中偏暖区延伸至南北纬20°,偏冷区与西太平洋的偏冷区相通。赤道印度洋至西太平洋上空激发出增强的Walker型环流,中心位于印度洋正上方。随着时间的发展,暖性Kelvin波产生并向东传播,印度洋偏暖区以及冷暖海温差异中心东移。至次年夏季,西印度洋暖海温中心移动至东印度洋边缘至南海区域,偏冷海区东退至日界线附近。印度洋上空增强的Walker型环流消失,高层转为偏东气流与105°E附近加强爬升的气流相连。与此同时,105°E以东的Walker环流加强,高层为西风,400 hPa以下为深厚的东风区。高低空环流相互耦合并配合科氏力的影响,赤道以北副热带地区负涡度增强,西太平洋副热带高压偏大偏强,异常反气旋北扩,系统外围的西南气流加强南海和孟湾水汽的输送,使得次年夏季长江上游全流域处于水汽辐合上升区,降水显著偏多,从而影响了长江上游年径流量的多寡。展开更多
Variations in vegetation are closely related to climate change, but understanding of their characteristics and causes remains limited. As a typical semi-humid and semi-arid cold plateau region, it is important to unde...Variations in vegetation are closely related to climate change, but understanding of their characteristics and causes remains limited. As a typical semi-humid and semi-arid cold plateau region, it is important to understand the knowledge of long term Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) variations and find the potential causes in the source region of the Yangtze River. Based on four tree-ring width chronologies, the regional mean NDVI for July and August spanning the period 1665–2013 was reconstructed using a regression model, and it explained 43.9% of the total variance during the period 1981–2013. In decadal, the reconstructed NDVI showed eight growth stages(1754–1764, 1766–1783, 1794–1811, 1828–1838, 1843–1855, 1862–1873, 1897–1909, and 1932–1945)and four degradation stages(1679–1698, 1726–1753, 1910–1923, and 1988–2000). And based on wavelet analysis, significant cycles of2–3 yr and 3–8 yr were identified. In additional, there was a significant positive correlation between the NDVI and the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) during the past 349 yr, and they were mainly in phase. However, according to the results of correlation analysis between different grades of drought/wet and NDVI, there was significant asymmetry in extreme drought years and extreme wet years. In extreme drought years, NDVI was positively correlated with PDSI, and in extreme wet years they were negatively correlated.展开更多
Based on tree-ring samples collected from Zaduo area in southern Qinghai Province, a 646-year ring-width series was established. Using response function, correlation function and partial correlation analysis we found ...Based on tree-ring samples collected from Zaduo area in southern Qinghai Province, a 646-year ring-width series was established. Using response function, correlation function and partial correlation analysis we found that the ring-width series is sensitive most to May and June mean maximum air temperature at Zaduo meteorological stations and the correlation is significantly negative. Therefore, May-June mean maximum air temperature in Zaduo area since 1360 is reconstructed using this ring-width series. The regression equation was cross-validated in the calibration period of 1961-2005. The calibration equation can explain 59.8% of the total variance. Since high temperature could reinforce evapotranspiration and result in water stress, the high values are more reliable than the low values in the reconstructed series. By further analyzing upon the reconstructed series, it shows that on the in-ter-annual scale there are 6 periods with higher temperature: 1438-1455, 1572-1612, 1684-1700, 1730-1754, 1812-1829 and 1853-1886; while there are 5 periods with lower temperature: 1547-1571, 1701-1729, 1755-1777, 1830-1852 and 1887-1910. There is no significant rising of temperature in recent 50 years. By comparison with the rings-width series nearby which are also sensitive to the mean maximum air temperature and the mean maximum temperature reconstruction by ring-widths, it is found that the variation of inter-annual scale is fairly common in the region.展开更多
文摘利用年际增量、小波分析和回归分析等方法深入分析了秋季热带印度洋偶极子(Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole,TIOD)年际振荡对次年长江上游年径流量的影响特征及其物理机理。结果表明,长江上游年径流量和秋季TIOD均具有显著的年际振荡特征,在20世纪80年代以前和90年代之后尤为明显。两者的滞后相关系数为0.42,通过了99.9%的显著性检验,即秋季TIOD较前一年增强(减弱),有利于次年长江上游径流量较前一年偏多(少)。秋季TIOD对次年长江上游年径流量多寡的影响,是通过调制降水,尤其是夏季降水来实现的。当秋季TIOD增强时,赤道印度洋海温呈东西"-+"分布,其中偏暖区延伸至南北纬20°,偏冷区与西太平洋的偏冷区相通。赤道印度洋至西太平洋上空激发出增强的Walker型环流,中心位于印度洋正上方。随着时间的发展,暖性Kelvin波产生并向东传播,印度洋偏暖区以及冷暖海温差异中心东移。至次年夏季,西印度洋暖海温中心移动至东印度洋边缘至南海区域,偏冷海区东退至日界线附近。印度洋上空增强的Walker型环流消失,高层转为偏东气流与105°E附近加强爬升的气流相连。与此同时,105°E以东的Walker环流加强,高层为西风,400 hPa以下为深厚的东风区。高低空环流相互耦合并配合科氏力的影响,赤道以北副热带地区负涡度增强,西太平洋副热带高压偏大偏强,异常反气旋北扩,系统外围的西南气流加强南海和孟湾水汽的输送,使得次年夏季长江上游全流域处于水汽辐合上升区,降水显著偏多,从而影响了长江上游年径流量的多寡。
基金Under the auspices of the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(No.2019QZKK0103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41772173,41405077)+1 种基金the Thousand Talents Program for High-end Innovation of Qinghai Provincethe Applied Basic Research Project of Qinghai Province(No.2019-zj-7045)。
文摘Variations in vegetation are closely related to climate change, but understanding of their characteristics and causes remains limited. As a typical semi-humid and semi-arid cold plateau region, it is important to understand the knowledge of long term Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) variations and find the potential causes in the source region of the Yangtze River. Based on four tree-ring width chronologies, the regional mean NDVI for July and August spanning the period 1665–2013 was reconstructed using a regression model, and it explained 43.9% of the total variance during the period 1981–2013. In decadal, the reconstructed NDVI showed eight growth stages(1754–1764, 1766–1783, 1794–1811, 1828–1838, 1843–1855, 1862–1873, 1897–1909, and 1932–1945)and four degradation stages(1679–1698, 1726–1753, 1910–1923, and 1988–2000). And based on wavelet analysis, significant cycles of2–3 yr and 3–8 yr were identified. In additional, there was a significant positive correlation between the NDVI and the Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI) during the past 349 yr, and they were mainly in phase. However, according to the results of correlation analysis between different grades of drought/wet and NDVI, there was significant asymmetry in extreme drought years and extreme wet years. In extreme drought years, NDVI was positively correlated with PDSI, and in extreme wet years they were negatively correlated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40599424)Sichuan Meteorological Bureau (08-02) and Institute of Plateau Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration (BROP200 810)
文摘Based on tree-ring samples collected from Zaduo area in southern Qinghai Province, a 646-year ring-width series was established. Using response function, correlation function and partial correlation analysis we found that the ring-width series is sensitive most to May and June mean maximum air temperature at Zaduo meteorological stations and the correlation is significantly negative. Therefore, May-June mean maximum air temperature in Zaduo area since 1360 is reconstructed using this ring-width series. The regression equation was cross-validated in the calibration period of 1961-2005. The calibration equation can explain 59.8% of the total variance. Since high temperature could reinforce evapotranspiration and result in water stress, the high values are more reliable than the low values in the reconstructed series. By further analyzing upon the reconstructed series, it shows that on the in-ter-annual scale there are 6 periods with higher temperature: 1438-1455, 1572-1612, 1684-1700, 1730-1754, 1812-1829 and 1853-1886; while there are 5 periods with lower temperature: 1547-1571, 1701-1729, 1755-1777, 1830-1852 and 1887-1910. There is no significant rising of temperature in recent 50 years. By comparison with the rings-width series nearby which are also sensitive to the mean maximum air temperature and the mean maximum temperature reconstruction by ring-widths, it is found that the variation of inter-annual scale is fairly common in the region.
