【目的】氮肥在土壤中极易损失(氨挥发、硝态氮淋失和反硝化)的特点是造成氮肥利用率低的主要原因。缓/控释肥料使用简便、高效,被认为是环境友好和提高肥料利用率的优良肥料新品种。【方法】为验证高分子包膜尿素在四川一季中稻上的应...【目的】氮肥在土壤中极易损失(氨挥发、硝态氮淋失和反硝化)的特点是造成氮肥利用率低的主要原因。缓/控释肥料使用简便、高效,被认为是环境友好和提高肥料利用率的优良肥料新品种。【方法】为验证高分子包膜尿素在四川一季中稻上的应用效果以及为四川水稻简化高效施肥提供技术支撑,于2009-2010年在位于成都平原上的彭州市开展水稻田间试验。试验设9个处理,3次重复,分别为N_0(CK)、N_(75)(RU)底、N_(75)(CRU)底、N_(112.5)(RU)底、N_(112.5)(CRU)底、N_(150)(RU)底、N_(150)(CRU)底、N_(150)(40%RU底+60%RU追)、N_(150)(40%RU+60%CRU)底。【结果】无论是普通尿素还是控释尿素,水稻产量均随氮肥用量的增加而增加;与普通尿素相比,在等氮量情况下控释尿素增产稻谷3.61%~11.36%,氮肥利用率提高10个百分点以上,氮肥农学效率增加24.97%~54.02%;普通尿素底肥+追肥的效果优于普通尿素一次施肥,40%普通尿素和60%控释尿素作底肥一次施用的效果优于其他所有普通尿素处理。【结论】成都平原一季中稻区的控释尿素最适用量为110~120 kg N/hm^2。试验证明高分子包膜控释尿素是一种高效和环境友好的新型肥料,可在四川稻区推广应用。展开更多
Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is a complex process controlled by farming practices, climate and some other environment factors. Since purple soils are unique in China and used as the main cropland in Sich...Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is a complex process controlled by farming practices, climate and some other environment factors. Since purple soils are unique in China and used as the main cropland in Sichuan Basin of China, it is of great importance to study and understand the impacts of different fertilizer amendments on soil organic carbon（SOC） changes with time. A research was carried out to investigate the relationship between soil carbon sequestration and organic carbon input as affected by different fertilizer treatments at two long-term rice-based cropping system experiments set up in early 1980 s. Each experiment consisted of six identical treatments, including（1） no fertilizer（CK）,（2） nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers（NP）,（3） nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers（NPK）,（4） fresh pig manure（M）,（5） nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers plus manure（MNP）, and（6） nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers plus manure（MNPK）. The results showed that annual harvestable carbon biomass was the highest in the treatment of MNPK, followed by MNP and NPK, then M and NP, and the lowest in CK. Most of fertilizer treatments resulted in a significant gain in SOC ranging from 6.48 to 2 9.13% compared with the CK, and raised soil carbon sequestration rate to 0.10–0.53 t ha–1 yr-1. Especially, addition of manure on the basis of mineral fertilizers was very conducive to SOC maintenance in this soil. SOC content and soil carbon sequestration rate under balanced fertilizer treatments（NPK and MNPK） in the calcareous purple soil（Suining） were higher than that in the acid purple soil（Leshan）. But carbon conversion rate at Leshan was 11.00%, almost 1.5 times of that（7.80%） at Suining. Significant linear correlations between soil carbon sequestration and carbon input were observed at both sites, signifying that the purple soil was not carbon-saturated and still had considerable potential to se questrate more carbon.展开更多
文摘【目的】氮肥在土壤中极易损失(氨挥发、硝态氮淋失和反硝化)的特点是造成氮肥利用率低的主要原因。缓/控释肥料使用简便、高效,被认为是环境友好和提高肥料利用率的优良肥料新品种。【方法】为验证高分子包膜尿素在四川一季中稻上的应用效果以及为四川水稻简化高效施肥提供技术支撑,于2009-2010年在位于成都平原上的彭州市开展水稻田间试验。试验设9个处理,3次重复,分别为N_0(CK)、N_(75)(RU)底、N_(75)(CRU)底、N_(112.5)(RU)底、N_(112.5)(CRU)底、N_(150)(RU)底、N_(150)(CRU)底、N_(150)(40%RU底+60%RU追)、N_(150)(40%RU+60%CRU)底。【结果】无论是普通尿素还是控释尿素,水稻产量均随氮肥用量的增加而增加;与普通尿素相比,在等氮量情况下控释尿素增产稻谷3.61%~11.36%,氮肥利用率提高10个百分点以上,氮肥农学效率增加24.97%~54.02%;普通尿素底肥+追肥的效果优于普通尿素一次施肥,40%普通尿素和60%控释尿素作底肥一次施用的效果优于其他所有普通尿素处理。【结论】成都平原一季中稻区的控释尿素最适用量为110~120 kg N/hm^2。试验证明高分子包膜控释尿素是一种高效和环境友好的新型肥料,可在四川稻区推广应用。
基金financially supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201203030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41201295)+1 种基金the Financial Fund for Young Scholars of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina(2014QNJJ-014)
文摘Carbon sequestration in agricultural soils is a complex process controlled by farming practices, climate and some other environment factors. Since purple soils are unique in China and used as the main cropland in Sichuan Basin of China, it is of great importance to study and understand the impacts of different fertilizer amendments on soil organic carbon（SOC） changes with time. A research was carried out to investigate the relationship between soil carbon sequestration and organic carbon input as affected by different fertilizer treatments at two long-term rice-based cropping system experiments set up in early 1980 s. Each experiment consisted of six identical treatments, including（1） no fertilizer（CK）,（2） nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers（NP）,（3） nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers（NPK）,（4） fresh pig manure（M）,（5） nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers plus manure（MNP）, and（6） nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers plus manure（MNPK）. The results showed that annual harvestable carbon biomass was the highest in the treatment of MNPK, followed by MNP and NPK, then M and NP, and the lowest in CK. Most of fertilizer treatments resulted in a significant gain in SOC ranging from 6.48 to 2 9.13% compared with the CK, and raised soil carbon sequestration rate to 0.10–0.53 t ha–1 yr-1. Especially, addition of manure on the basis of mineral fertilizers was very conducive to SOC maintenance in this soil. SOC content and soil carbon sequestration rate under balanced fertilizer treatments（NPK and MNPK） in the calcareous purple soil（Suining） were higher than that in the acid purple soil（Leshan）. But carbon conversion rate at Leshan was 11.00%, almost 1.5 times of that（7.80%） at Suining. Significant linear correlations between soil carbon sequestration and carbon input were observed at both sites, signifying that the purple soil was not carbon-saturated and still had considerable potential to se questrate more carbon.
