Concentrations of Iron (Fe), As, and Cu in soil samples from the fields near the Baoshan Mine in Hunan Province, China, were analyzed and soil spectral reflectance was measured with an ASD FieldSpec FR spectroradiomet...Concentrations of Iron (Fe), As, and Cu in soil samples from the fields near the Baoshan Mine in Hunan Province, China, were analyzed and soil spectral reflectance was measured with an ASD FieldSpec FR spectroradiometer (Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc., USA) under laboratory condition. Partial least square regression (PLSR) models were constructed for predicting soil metal concentrations. The data pre-processing methods, first and second derivatives (FD and SD), baseline correction (BC), standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and continuum removal (CR), were used for the spectral reflectance data pretreatments. Then, the prediction results were evaluated by relative root mean square error (RRMSE) and coefficients of determination (R 2 ). According to the criteria of minimal RRMSE and maximal R 2 , the PLSR models with the FD pretreatment (RRMSE = 0.24, R 2 = 0.61), SNV pretreatment (RRMSE = 0.08, R 2 = 0.78), and BC-pretreatment (RRMSE = 0.20, R 2 = 0.41) were considered as the final models for predicting As, Fe, and Cu, respectively. Wavebands at around 460, 1 400, 1 900, and 2 200 nm were selected as important spectral variables to construct final models. In conclusion, concentrations of heavy metals in contaminated soils could be indirectly assessed by soil spectra according to the correlation between the spectrally featureless components and Fe; therefore, spectral reflectance would be an alternative tool for monitoring soil heavy metals contamination.展开更多
Background:Several programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)antibodies have been approved for cancer treatmentworldwide.Their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics have ...Background:Several programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)antibodies have been approved for cancer treatmentworldwide.Their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics have been reported mainly in western countries,but related data in Chinese patients are limited.This study was conducted to investigate the safety,efficacy,pharmacokinetics,and pharmacodynamics of an anti-PD-1 antibody,toripalimab,in Chinese patients.Methods:A single-center phase I study was conducted in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.Eligible patients were adults with histologically confirmed,treatment-refractory,advanced,solitary malignant tumors.Toripalimab was intravenously infused every 2 weeks in dose-escalating cohorts at 0.3mg/kg,1 mg/kg,3 mg/kg,10 mg/kg,and 240 mg.The study followed standard 3+3 design.Results:Between 15th March 2016 and 27th September 2016,25 patients were enrolled,of whom 3(12.0%),7(28.0%),6(24.0%),6(24.0%),3(12.0%)received 0.3 mg/kg,1 mg/kg,3 mg/kg,10 mg/kg,and 240 mg toripalimab,respectively.After a median follow-up time of 5.0 months(range:1.5-19.8 months),we observed that the commonest treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)were fatigue(64.0%)and rash(24.0%).No grade 3 or higher TRAEs were observed.No dose-limiting toxicity,treatment-related serious adverse events(SAEs),or treatment-related death occurred.Objective response ratewas 12.5%.The half-life of toripalimabwas 150-222 h after a single dose infusion.Most patients,including those from the 0.3 mg/kg group,maintained complete PD-1 receptor occupancy(>80%)on activated T cells since receiving the first dose of toripalimab.Conclusions:Toripalimab is a promising anti-PD-1 antibody,which was well tolerated and demonstrated anti-tumor activity in treatment-refractory advanced solitary malignant tumors.Further exploration in various tumors and combination therapies is warranted.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40571130)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (No. 07ZR14032)
文摘Concentrations of Iron (Fe), As, and Cu in soil samples from the fields near the Baoshan Mine in Hunan Province, China, were analyzed and soil spectral reflectance was measured with an ASD FieldSpec FR spectroradiometer (Analytical Spectral Devices, Inc., USA) under laboratory condition. Partial least square regression (PLSR) models were constructed for predicting soil metal concentrations. The data pre-processing methods, first and second derivatives (FD and SD), baseline correction (BC), standard normal variate (SNV), multiplicative scatter correction (MSC), and continuum removal (CR), were used for the spectral reflectance data pretreatments. Then, the prediction results were evaluated by relative root mean square error (RRMSE) and coefficients of determination (R 2 ). According to the criteria of minimal RRMSE and maximal R 2 , the PLSR models with the FD pretreatment (RRMSE = 0.24, R 2 = 0.61), SNV pretreatment (RRMSE = 0.08, R 2 = 0.78), and BC-pretreatment (RRMSE = 0.20, R 2 = 0.41) were considered as the final models for predicting As, Fe, and Cu, respectively. Wavebands at around 460, 1 400, 1 900, and 2 200 nm were selected as important spectral variables to construct final models. In conclusion, concentrations of heavy metals in contaminated soils could be indirectly assessed by soil spectra according to the correlation between the spectrally featureless components and Fe; therefore, spectral reflectance would be an alternative tool for monitoring soil heavy metals contamination.
基金sponsored by Shanghai Junshi Biosciences Co.,Ltd.and supported,in part,by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1313300)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(2019B020227002)+5 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-036)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81930065)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2014A030312015)Science and Technology Program of Guangdong(2019B020227002)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(201904020046,201803040019,201704020228)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110171).
文摘Background:Several programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)/programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)antibodies have been approved for cancer treatmentworldwide.Their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics have been reported mainly in western countries,but related data in Chinese patients are limited.This study was conducted to investigate the safety,efficacy,pharmacokinetics,and pharmacodynamics of an anti-PD-1 antibody,toripalimab,in Chinese patients.Methods:A single-center phase I study was conducted in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center.Eligible patients were adults with histologically confirmed,treatment-refractory,advanced,solitary malignant tumors.Toripalimab was intravenously infused every 2 weeks in dose-escalating cohorts at 0.3mg/kg,1 mg/kg,3 mg/kg,10 mg/kg,and 240 mg.The study followed standard 3+3 design.Results:Between 15th March 2016 and 27th September 2016,25 patients were enrolled,of whom 3(12.0%),7(28.0%),6(24.0%),6(24.0%),3(12.0%)received 0.3 mg/kg,1 mg/kg,3 mg/kg,10 mg/kg,and 240 mg toripalimab,respectively.After a median follow-up time of 5.0 months(range:1.5-19.8 months),we observed that the commonest treatment-related adverse events(TRAEs)were fatigue(64.0%)and rash(24.0%).No grade 3 or higher TRAEs were observed.No dose-limiting toxicity,treatment-related serious adverse events(SAEs),or treatment-related death occurred.Objective response ratewas 12.5%.The half-life of toripalimabwas 150-222 h after a single dose infusion.Most patients,including those from the 0.3 mg/kg group,maintained complete PD-1 receptor occupancy(>80%)on activated T cells since receiving the first dose of toripalimab.Conclusions:Toripalimab is a promising anti-PD-1 antibody,which was well tolerated and demonstrated anti-tumor activity in treatment-refractory advanced solitary malignant tumors.Further exploration in various tumors and combination therapies is warranted.
