基于TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路介导慢性炎症探讨西北燥证型糖尿病(外燥内湿证)的相关性研究

目的基于TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB信号通路介导慢性炎症探讨西北燥证型糖尿病(外燥内湿证)的降糖机制研究。方法将SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(对照组)、2型糖尿病模型组(T2DM组)、西北燥证+T2DM大鼠组(西北燥证组)、单纯内湿型T2DM大鼠组(内湿型组),每组6只。采用ELISA检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-16(IL-16)、糖化血红蛋白(GHbA1c)、胰岛素(INS)含量的表达情况,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),开展葡萄糖耐量试验和胰岛素耐量试验,生化检测肝功能和血脂四项,生化检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)、丙二醛(MDA)、肝/肌糖原表达情况,HE和PAS检测组织病理变化,实时荧光定量PCR检测干扰素调节因子5(IRF-5)、人核因子-κB亚基P65(NF-κB p65)的mRNA表达变化,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测IRF-5、NF-κB p65、髓样分化初级应答基因88(MyD88)的蛋白表达。结果研究发现西北燥证组的血糖、糖化血红蛋白、胰岛素水平、葡萄糖耐量、胰岛素释放、HOMA-IR、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-16、MDA、血脂、肝功异常水平较T2DM组显著升高(P<0.05);西北燥证组的SOD、GSH-PX、肝糖原、脏/体比较T2DM组显著降低(P<0.05);西北燥证组的IRF-5、NF-κB p65 mRNA表达水平,TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB p65的蛋白表达水平较T2DM组显著升高(P<0.05)。结论通过观察TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB通路介导的肝脏及脂肪组织慢性炎症的变化情况,发现此种炎症的变化可能与促进糖尿病及胰岛素抵抗的发生发展呈正相关性。

基于主题大观念的初中英语单元整体教学设计--以Unit 1 Wise men in history为例

分析初中英语单元整体教学设计存在的问题。以沪教牛津版初中《英语》九年级(上)Module 1 Unit 1 Wise men in history整体教学设计为例,探讨教师如何灵活运用语篇,基于主题大观念,分析单元教学内容,构建单元育人蓝图,设计单元教学目标,开展单元持续评价的单元整体教学设计。指出在基于主题大观念进行单元整体教学设计时,教师要从“以知识为中心”的碎片化教学转为“关注结构化、整合化”的课程教学,将培养学生的英语学科核心素养融入单元整体教学设计、实践过程。

文化意识培养视角下的初中英语诗歌教学实践——以Sound in the poetry为例

围绕课程标准在文化意识方面的目标,结合一堂诗歌教学课Sound in the poetry,探讨如何充分开发、拓展诗歌课程资源,在初中英语诗歌教学中对学生进行文化意识培养。

Role of toll-like receptor 4/mutant myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor kappa-B mediated inflammation in diabetes mellitus with Northwest dryness syndrome

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the role of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/mutant myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathway-mediated inflammation in diabetes mellitus with Northwest dryness syndrome.METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into the normal control,type 2 diabetes(T2DM)model,Northwest dryness syndrome+T2DM(Northwest dryness),and simple internal dampness+T2DM(internal dampness)groups.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect biochemical indexes and inflammatory factors.The histopathological observation was performed.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels,respectively.RESULTS:Compared with the T2DM group,the glycosylated hemoglobin A1c,insulin,glucose tolerance,the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin 1β,interleukin 16,malondialdehyde,blood lipid,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase were significantly elevated in the internal dampness group.Their levels were significantly elevated in the Northwest dryness group than in the T2DM and internal dampness groups.The superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,liver glycogen,and organ-to-weight ratio were significantly declined in the internal dampness group and the Northwest dryness group than in the T2DM group.However,these levels were elevated in the Northwest dryness group than in the internal dampness group.Moreover,the mRNA expression levels of interferon regulatory factor 5 and NF-κB p65,and the protein expression levels of TLR4,MyD88,and NF-κB were significantly higher in the internal dampness and the Northwest dryness groups than the T2DM group.Additionally,the mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in the Northwest dryness group than in the internal dampness group.CONCLUSION:Northwest dryness syndrome-mediated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and chronic inflammation might be associated with the occurrence and development of T2DM.