华南沿海广从断裂带北段断层泥中石英微形貌与第四纪活动性特征

对广东省中南部广(州)-从(化)活动断裂带北段断层泥中的石英碎粒进行了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)微形貌分析和电子自旋共振法(ESR)测年。研究结果显示,石英微形貌特征在断裂活动的刻蚀阶段主要表现为放射状、阶步状断口以及平直擦痕,在后期溶蚀阶段以Ⅰ_(A)类和Ⅰ_(B)类特征为主兼有Ⅰ_(C)类和Ⅱ-Ⅲ类形迹;石英ESR年龄为234~296 ka BP。据此分析,该研究地段的广从断裂带在第四纪至少有4次活动,其主要活动期在中更新世中晚期至晚更新世早期,在上新世也有轻微活动;断裂运动性质以快速滑动的粘滑为主,兼有缓慢运动的蠕滑;力学性质为压剪性和张剪性并存。尽管这些特征显示该地段广从断裂带在全新世活动性较弱,但断裂带造成的岩石破碎性和地形反差致使工程建筑的地基非常脆弱。因此,对该地段流溪河特大桥及周边地段应切实加强潜在地质灾害的监测和防治。

高考地理试题对家国情怀的考查与教学建议

家国情怀是立德树人的基础,已纳入高考地理的考查范围。文章以2020~2022年高考全国文综卷地理试题为例,分析家国情怀在高考地理试题中的考查特点与路径,并据此引导高中地理教师采用“更新育人观念、创设多样情境、针对不同维度浸润、开展地理实践”等策略,培养学生的家国情怀,落实立德树人根本任务。

中国黄土高原最早的古人类活动记录

中国北方黄土高原被厚厚的黄土层覆盖着,黄土层里埋藏着我们人类先祖的活动遗迹。陕西蓝田距今163万年的古人类化石和212万年的旧石器记录了黄土高原最古老的人类活动历史,拓展了黄土序列与古人类演化序列重大科学研究的新方向。

Millennial-centennial Scales Climate Changes of Holocene Indicated by Magnetic Susceptibility of High-resolution Section in Salawusu River Valley, China

The upmost segment (Holocene series) of the Milanggouwan stratigraphic section (MGS1) in the Salawusu River valley shows 11 sedimentary cycles of dune sands and fluvio-lacustrine facies, or dune sands and paleosols. The analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of this segment suggests that there are 11 magnetic susceptibility cycles with the value alternating from low to high, in which the layers of the dune sands correspond to the lower value of the magnetic susceptibility and the layers of fluvio-lacustrine facies and paleosols correspond to the higher peaks. The study reveals that the low and high magnetic susceptibility values indicate the climate dominated by cold-arid winter monsoon and warm-humid summer monsoon of East Asia, respectively, and the study area has experienced at least 22 times of millennial-centennial scales climate alternation from the cold-arid to the warm-humid during the Holocene. In terms of the time and the climate nature, the variations basically correspond to those of the North Atlantic and some records of cold-warm changes in China as well. They might be caused by the alternation of winter and summer monsoons in the Mu Us Desert induced by global climate fluctuations in the Holocene.

Cold events of Holocene indicated by primary elements distribution of the high-resolution sand dunes in the Salawusu River Valley

The components of the primary elements in the dune sands for the MGS1 subsection of the Milanggouwan section in the Salawusu River valley, compared with those of modern dune sands, show that they were caused by East Asian winter monsoon in the Mu Us desert during Holocene. The examined ages for the 11 layers of dune sands, based on the average sedimentary rate, are： 0 to 960, 1350-2240, 2470 to 3530, 4000 to 4180, 4290 to 4350, 4380 to 4760, 5040 to 5920, 6570 to 8270, 9020 to 9700, 9880 to 10160 and 10580 to 11080 a BP, respectively. The climatic events indicated by these dune sands are consistent with those records in the Huguangyan volcanic lake, Zoige peat bog, Hulu cave and Dunde ice core, particularly with the climatic fluctuations of the North Atlantic since 11 000 a BP. Among them, patterns from B0 to B8 correspond to the peak values of 0MD, 2D, 4D, 6D＋8D＋10D, 12D, 14D, 16D, 18D and 20D respectively. It might be caused by the North Atlantic ice age induced by the heat circulation, which strengthened the polar high pressure and Siberian-Mongolian high pressure and further led to the dominance of the winter monsoon over China＇s desert area.

Phases of Environmental Evolution Indicated by Primary Chemical Elements and Paleontological Records in the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Series for the Salawusu River Valley,China

Studies of lithology, sedimentary facies and the distribution regularity of SiO2 and Al2O3 contents and Al2O3/SiO2 ratio allow us to divide the Upper Pleistocene-Holocene Series represented by the MUanggouwan section in China＇s Salawnsu River valley into six segments： MGS1, MGS2, MGS3, MGS4, MGS5 and MGS6. The boundary ages for MGS1 （the Dishaogouwan and Dagouwan Formations）, MGS2 （the upper Chengchuan Formation）, MGS3 （the middle Chengchuan Formation）, MGS4 （the lower Chengchuan Formation）, MGS5 （most strata of the Salawusu Formation） and MGS6 （the bottom of the Salawusu Formation and the top of the Lishi Formation） correspond to those of MIS1, MIS2, MIS3, MIS4, MISS and MIS6, respectively, from deep sea sediments or continental glaciers. MGS5 can be subdivided into five subsegments （MGS5a, MGS5b, MGS5c, MGS5d and MGS5e） and the boundary ages of these subsegments correspond to those of MISSa, MISSb, MIS5c, MIS5d and MIS5e, respectively. Based on the paleoenvironment and paleoecology indicated by the primary chemical elements, fossil vertebrates, mollusks and pollen grains, we hypothesize that MGS1, MGS2, MGS3, MGS4, MGS5 and MGS6 and the subsegments of MGS5 match the corresponding stages for oxygen isotopes in the deep sea sediments and continental glaciers, and the substages of MIS5 in terms of climatic characters, further explaining the phenomena that determined the formation of the late Quaternary strata and the paleontology of the Salawusu River valley. These phenomena relate to fluctuations in the global climate （and particularly in the East Asian monsoon） during the glacial and interglacial periods.

低山丘陵区暴雨洪水特征与洪灾风险评估——以赣江上游为例

[目的]评估赣江上游洪灾风险,为区域减灾及社会经济发展提供参考。[方法]从气候和地形等自然条件出发,结合实测资料分析暴雨洪水时空特征;采用层次分析法确定致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承灾体的易损性和防洪救灾能力4个因子的14个指标的权重,借助GIS平台进行风险因子分析和综合风险评估。[结果]暴雨洪水多集中在3-7月,春夏季暴雨频次占全年的80.4%,洪水频次占95.9%,空间上主要分布在东北大部;致灾因子危险性风险等级东北部高,西部较低;孕灾环境敏感性风险呈带状,总体上中间高四周低;承灾体易损性风险中西,中北部高,四周低;防洪救灾能力西高东低,南高北低,从西南向东北递减;综合风险为中北部、中东部高风险,东南部、西部低风险;各风险等级面积比例存在差异,高风险和较高风险面积占比达37.3%。[结论]研究区暴雨洪水特征兼具丘陵与平原型特征,暴雨和洪水存在较明显的正相关关系;洪灾风险评估结果与赣江上游区实际基本符合,验证了指标体系及评估模型合理性。

基于共词分析法的地理新课改研究热点分析

本文采用共词分析法,利用书目共现系统对近十年来以地理新课改为主题的硕博学位论文和在核心期刊发表的论文进行关键词统计与整理,通过统计软件SPSS的聚类分析与多维尺度分析功能绘制研究热点的知识图谱。研究结果显示,我国近十年地理新课改的研究热点主要分为三大领域,分别是地理学科知识与教学方式研究、新课标与核心素养背景下对高考试题与课堂教学的研究、中学地理新课程实施策略与课程资源开发研究。各领域的结构与发展状况不一,地理新课改仍是值得学者们关注的话题。

Mid-Late Quaternary loess-paleosol sequence in Lantian's Yushan,China:An environmental magnetism approach and its paleoclimatic significance

The application of rock magnetism methods to investigating the variations of magnetic minerals in the sediments is an important approach to the reestablishment of paleoclimate evolution. Thus we performed fine magnetic measurements on the loess-paleosol sequence (from L15 upwards to S5, in which L is short for Loess, S is short for Paleosol, the same hereinafter) of Yushan strati-graphic section, which is on the southeastern margin of Chinese Loess Plateau, in Lantian County of China's Shaanxi Province, and the thickness of which is ca. 40 m. Our study shows that the primary magnetic carriers of loess and paleosol in this section are magnetite, maghemite, hematite and goethite. Thermomagnetic analyses on the samples of representative horizons show that the higher pedogenesis degree of the sediments, the smaller variations of magnetization there will be before and after heating, probably related to the pedogenic alteration of loess sediments. Analyses of several magnetic parameters show a significant discrepancy between the paleoclimatic conditions recorded in the strata from the loess unit L15 upward to the paleosol unit S5 in the study area and those recorded in the relative strata of other sections on the Chinese Loess Plateau, and those recorded in marine sediments, indicating the great impact of regional geological background. Similarly, the rapid and intensive change recorded in the segment from L15 to S9-1, and the significant difference between the paleoclimate evolutions of the two periods before and after the change (from L15 to S9-1, and from L9 to the base of S6) indicate the strong alteration of magnetic carriers in the study area as a result of the alternations of summer and winter monsoons in East Asia.

A rock magnetic record of Asian cooling and aridification processes during 1.95–0.40 Ma in the southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau

The southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau is the terminal deposition area of dusts transported by the East Asian winter monsoon and the frontal area penetrated by the East Asian summer monsoon,and thus a climate sensitive region.This paper reports a rock magnetic study of a Quaternary loess-paleosol section in such a region.We tried to reconstruct the paleoclimate evolution history in the region during 1.95–0.40 Ma with magnetic parameters.The results show a general up-section decreasing trend of the ratio of HIRM/(SIRM–IRM100 mT),indicating a long-term decreasing trend of hematite coercivities in the deposits,which can be mainly related to the cooling and aridification trend of the environment in interglacial depositional area and glacial dust source region.The ratio,lf/ARM,widely used to reflect the variations of magnetic mineral grain size,manifests a long-term increasing trend of the magnetic mineral grain size and tends to indicate an overall weakening trend of the East Asian summer monsoon that controlled the pedogenic intensity.Although the regional multi-segmented paleoclimatic records revealed by several magnetic parameters in our study,the long-term Asian cooling and aridification trend inferred here is of global correlation significance.

Paleoclimate change recorded in the red earth and brown-yellow sediment of Late Quaternary for northeastern part of Guangdong Province,south to the Nanling Mountains,China

The paleoenvironment indicated by the geochronology,major oxides——SiO2,Al2O3 and TOFE(Fe2O3 + FeO),and CIA(Chemical Index of Alteration) value of the red earth and brown-yellow silt primarily characterized by the Linjiang stratigraphic section,based on the geological investigation of Late Quaternary along the river banks of northeastern part of China's Guangdong Province,south to the Nanling Mountains,allow us to hypothesize that the red earth on the first terrace in northeastern part of Guangdong belongs to reticulated red clay developed in a hot-wet environment of the last interglacial period(132―73 ka BP),similar to the monsoon environment in the northern margin of modern tropical zone,while the overlying brown-yellow silt layer mainly accumulated in a monsoon environment of warm temperate zone in the last glacial period(73―11 ka BP),with the aeolian sand LJ3 representing an extreme period of worsening climate.Such a hypothesis corresponds well with predecessors' research on the paleoenvironment indicated by abundant fossils in both south and east to the Nanling Mountains.Hence,it follows that the bioclimatic zone did experience a large and rapid vicissitude in northeastern part of China's Guangdong Province,and even in the full extent of the region south to the Nanling Mountains from the last interglacial period to the last glacial period,with the red earth being replaced by the brown-yellow silty sediment,and even maybe with the Ailuropoda-Stegodon Fauna being replaced by the Penghu Fauna.This study may provide an important geological demonstration for the environmental response to global change in China's low latitudes on a 10 ka scale.