Urolithin A protects dopaminergic neurons in experimental models of Parkinson disease by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis through SIRT1/PGC-1αsignaling pathway

OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial dys⁃function contributes to the pathogenesis of neuro⁃degenerative diseases such as Parkinson dis⁃ease(PD).Therapeutic strategies targeting mito⁃chondrial dysfunction hold considerable promise for the treatment of PD.Urolithin A(UA)is a gut metabolite produced from ellagic acid-containing foods such as pomegranates,berries,and wal⁃nuts.Recent reports have highlighted the protec⁃tive role of UA in several neurological disorders including Alzheimer disease and ischemic stroke.However,the potential role of UA in PD has not been characterized.In this study,the role of UA in 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity in cell cultures and mouse model of PD was investi⁃gated.METHODS In vitro,PC12 cells were exposed to 6-OHDA in the presence or absence of UA.For in vivo study,C57BL/6 mice were ste⁃reotactic injected with 6-OHDA to induce experi⁃mental PD model.UA(10 mg·kg-1)was intraperi⁃toneal injected for 7 d before surgery.RESULTS UA protected against 6-OHDA cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PC12 cells.Prior administration of UA to 6-OHDA lesioned mice ameliorated both motor deficits and nigral-straital dopaminergic neurotoxicity.Moreover,UA attenuated 6-OHDA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in PC12 cells accompanied by enhanced mitochondrial biogen⁃esis.Mechanically,the neuroprotective effects of UA were mediated by SIRT1-PGC-1αsignaling-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis.CONCLU⁃SION These data provide new insights into the novel role of UA in promoting mitochondria bio⁃genesis and suggest that UA may have potential therapeutic applications for PD.

SOA和二语水平对汉-藏启动效应影响的实证研究

本文利用语义范畴判断实验任务,研究了不同SOA和二语水平对汉-藏启动效应的影响。结果发现:1)SOA为38ms时,实验未产生汉-藏启动效应;SOA为50、100、150、200ms时,实验均产生了汉-藏启动效应,且SOA200的启动效应大于SOA50、SOA100和SOA150的启动效应,但是,SOA50、SOA100和SOA150的启动效应之间没有显著差异。2)受试汉语二语水平的主效应不显著。据此,我们认为汉-藏启动效应受SOA的调节。过短的SOA无法产生启动效应;50~200ms的时间窗能产生稳定的启动效应,SOA越长,启动效应可能越大,产生无意识启动效应的最佳时间段可能在100ms左右的时间窗。对于非平衡双语者来说,受试的汉语二语水平不影响汉-藏启动效应。

中国学习者英语二语后缀派生词的加工机制研究

本文利用词基-整词的掩蔽启动实验范式,通过对比分析不同类型词对的启动效应,研究了中国学习者语义透明、半透明和晦涩3类英语二语后缀派生词的加工机制。结果表明:1)3类英语二语后缀派生词启动效应显著,且其均与纯正字法启动效应之间不存在显著差异,但是与纯语义启动效应之间差异显著;2)3类英语二语后缀派生词的启动效应之间差异不显著。据此,我们认为3类英语二语后缀派生词启动效应的诱因均为启动词-目标词之间重叠的纯正字法信息;语义透明度不影响英语二语后缀派生词的加工;中国学习者英语二语后缀派生词的加工机制均为整词提取。本文支持Butterworth(1983)提出的整词加工模型。

血β-HCG、孕酮、雌二醇和B超检查预测宫内妊娠早期阴道流血结局的临床价值分析

目的:分析B超检查和雌二醇、孕酮、血β-HCG检测对宫内妊娠早期阴道流血结局的预测价值。方法:选取2018年1月~2019年1月收治的80例宫内妊娠早期阴道流血患者,以其不同的妊娠结局(流产与否)为分组依据,将其分入结局为流产的研究组、结局为未流产的对照组,每组40例。全部进行B超检查与血激素(雌二醇、孕酮、血β-HCG)检测,并对比两组的检查结果。结果:研究组的雌二醇、孕酮、血β-HCG水平均低于对照组,B超检查显示研究组孕囊均径小于对照组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,研究组有20%出现胚芽,孕7~8周有胎心搏动,孕12周胚胎停止发育。结论:血β-HCG、孕酮、雌二醇和B超检查可以联合用于宫内妊娠早期阴道流血患者妊娠结局的预测,其临床价值十分显著。