Isolation and phylogenetic analysis of feline calicivirus strains from various region of China

Feline calicivirus(FCV)is an important feline pathogen mainly causing upper respiratory tract disease,conjunctivitis,and stomatitis,and it is classifed into genotype I and genotype II.To investigate the prevalence and molecular characteristics of FCV,this study collected 337 cat swab samples from animal hospitals in diferent regions of China from 2019 to 2021.The positive detection rate of FCV was 29.9%(101/337)by RT-PCR.Statistical analysis showed that FCV prevalence was signifcantly associated with living environment(p=0.0004),age(p=0.031)and clinical symptoms(p=0.00),but not with sex(p=0.092)and breed(p=0.171).The 26 strains of FCV were isolated using F81 cells.Phylogenetic analysis showed that 10 isolates belonged to genotype I,and 16 isolates belonged to genotype II.These 26 isolates were highly genetically diverse,of which HB7 isolate had three same virulence-related amino acid loci with VSD strains.Potential loci distinguishing diferent genotypes were identifed from 26 isolates,suggesting the genetic relationship between diferent genotypes.In addition,selection pressure analysis based on capsid protein of 26 isolates revealed that the protein is under diversifying selection.This study reveals the genetic diversity of FCV and provides a reference for the screening of vaccine candidate strains and the development of vaccines with better cross-protection efects.

β-Ga_(2)O_(3) junction barrier Schottky diode with NiO p-well floating field rings

Recently,β-Ga_(2)O_(3),an ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor,has shown great potential to be used in power devices blessed with its unique material properties.For instance,the measured average critical field of the vertical Schottky barrier diode(SBD)based onβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) has reached 5.45 MV/cm,and no device in any material has measured a greater before.However,the high electric field of theβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) SBD makes it challenging to manage the electric field distribution and leakage current.Here,we showβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) junction barrier Schottky diode with NiO p-well floating field rings(FFRs).For the central anode,we filled a circular trench array with NiO to reduce the surface field under the Schottky contact between them to reduce the leakage current of the device.For the anode edge,experimental results have demonstrated that the produced NiO/β-Ga_(2)O_(3) heterojunction FFRs enable the spreading of the depletion region,thereby mitigating the crowding effect of electric fields at the anode edge.Additionally,simulation results indicated that the p-NiO field plate structure designed at the edges of the rings and central anode can further reduce the electric field.This work verified the feasibility of the heterojunction FFRs inβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) devices based on the experimental findings and provided ideas for managing the electric field ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) SBD.

Design and Synthesis of Cu@CuS Yolk–Shell Structures with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity

Non-spherical Cu@Cu S yolk–shell structures are successfully obtained using Cu_2 O cube templates in a process combining rapid surface sulfidation followed by disproportionation of the Cu_2 O core upon treatment with a hydrochloric acid solution. By employing the above method,Cu@Cu S yolk–shell structures with different morphologies,including octahedral, truncated octahedral, and cuboctahedral shapes, can be synthesized. The void space within the hollow structures provides a unique confined space, where the metallic copper present in the core of a shell can be protected from agglomeration and oxidation. Furthermore,the presence of metal copper in these hollow structurescontributes to improvement in the photocatalytic properties of these materials. The application of these Cu@Cu S structures indeed shows clearly improved photocatalytic performance.

物理化学实验翻转课堂教学模式的设计及实践

以物理化学实验"粘度法测高聚物的分子量"为例,探索了翻转课堂教学模式。设计程序包括学习主体及教材分析、制定实验教学目标、微课制作、课堂组织和教学评价等环节,并通过实践及统计假设检验,全面评价了该教学模式。

Study of the Chemical Flooding Effect in Gao-63 Reservoir

This article is aimed to discuss the impact of using two different kinds of surfactant in enhancing oil recovery in heterogeneous reservoirs. With the background of Jidong oilfield, Rui Feng surfactant which could reach ultra-low interracial tension and combination surfactant RZ-JD80 with strong emulsifying property are chosen to do oil displacement and profile control-oil displacement experiment in homogeneous core and heterogeneous core respectively. The experiment is aimed to study the effect of oil displacement by injecting surfactant individually and the effect after injecting different profile control agent slug before surfactant flooding in heterogeneous cores. The results suggest that injecting Rui Feng surfactant and RZ-JD80 individually could enhance the oil displacement efficiency about 15 percentage points for homogeneous core. For strongly heterogeneous core, it is low efficiency by using either of these two surfactants individually. However, if injected a very little profile control agent slug before surfactant flooding, both of these two kinds of surfactant could enhance the oil recovery by different degree, especially, polymer microsphere plugging^RZ-JD80 flooding composite technology is more adaptable to Gao-63 reservoir. This technology could increase the recovery by 18.52 percentage points aRer surfactant flooding.

Effects of pituitary-specific overexpression of FSHα/β on reproductive traits in transgenic boars

Background： Follicle-stimulating hormone（FSH） is a gonadotropin synthesized and secreted by the pituitary gland.FSH stimulates follicle development and maturation in females. It also plays an important role in spermatogenesis in males, including humans and mice. However, the effects of FSH on male pigs are largely unknown. In this study,we generated transgenic pigs to investigate the effects of FSHα/β overexpression on reproductive traits in boars.Results： After five transgenic F0 founders were crossed with wide-type pigs, 193 F_1 animals were obtained. Of these,96 were confirmed as transgenic. FSHα and FSHβ m RNAs were detected only in pituitary tissue. Transgenic boars exhibited significantly higher levels of FSHα and FSHβ m RNA, serum FSH, and serum testosterone, compared to ful-sib non-transgenic boars. Significant increases in testis weight, vas deferens diameter, seminiferous tubule diameter,and the number of Leydig cel s were observed, suggesting that the exogenous FSHα/β affects reproductive traits. Final y,transgenic and non-transgenic boars had similar growth performance and biochemical profiles.Conclusions： Pituitary-specific overexpression of FSHα/β genes is likely to impact reproductive traits positively, as indicated by enhancements in serum testosterone level, testis weight, the development of vas deferens, seminiferous tubules, and Leydig cells in transgenic boars. A high level of serum FSH induces secretion of serum testosterone,possibly by boosting the number of Leydig cells, which presumably increases the libido and the frequency of sexual activity in transgenic boars. Our study provides a preliminary foundation for the genetic improvement of reproductive traits in male pigs.

Isolation of a feline-derived feline panleukopenia virus with an A300P substitution in the VP2 protein and confrmation of its pathogenicity in dogs

Feline panleukopenia virus(FPV)is a single-stranded DNA virus that can infect cats and cause feline panleukopenia,which is a highly contagious and fatal disease in felines.The sequence of FPV is highly variable,and mutations in the amino acids of its capsid protein play crucial roles in altering viral virulence,immunogenicity,host selection,and other abilities.In this study,the epidemiology of FPV was studied using 746 gastrointestinal swab samples derived from cats that presented gastrointestinal symptoms specifcally,diarrhea or vomiting during the period spanning from 2018 to 2022.The overall prevalence of FPV-positive patients among these samples was determined to be 45.4%.Capsid(virion)protein 2(VP2)gene of each FPV-positive sample was sequenced and amplifed,yielding 65 VP2 sequences.Among them,six VP2 gene sequences were detected in the majority of the samples test positive for FPV,and these positive samples originated from a diverse range of geographical locations.These isolates were named FPV-6,FPV-10,FPV-15,FPV-251,FPV-271 and FPV-S2.Additionally,the substitution of Ala300Pro(A300P)in VP2 was detected for the frst time in feline-derived FPV(FPV-251).FPV-251 isolate,with this substitution in VP2 protein,exhibited stable proliferative capacity in Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK)cells and A72 cells.FPV-271 was selected as the FPV control isolate due to its single amino acid diference from VP2 protein of FPV-251 at position 300(FPV-271 has alanine,while FPV-251 has proline).After oral infection,both FPV-251 and FPV-271 isolates caused feline panleukopenia,which is characterized by clinical signs of enterocolitis.However,FPV-251 can infect dogs through the oral route and cause gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms with lesions in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes(MLNs)of infected dogs.This is the frst report on the presence of an A300P substitution in VP2 protein of feline-derived FPV.Additionally,FPV isolate with a substitution of A300P at VP2 protein demonstrated efcient replication capabilities in canine cell lines and the ability to infect dogs.

Japanese Encephalitis Virus NS1' Protein Antagonizes Interferon Beta Production

Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV) is a mosquito-borne virus and the major cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. NS1', a52-amino acid C-terminal extension of NS1, is generated with a-1 programmed ribosomal frameshift and is only present in members of the Japanese encephalitis serogroup of flaviviruses. Previous studies demonstrated that NS1' plays a vital role in virulence, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, an NS1' defected(rG66A) virus was generated. We found that rG66A virus was less virulent than its parent virus(pSA14) in wild-type mice. However, similar mortality caused by the two viruses was observed in an IFNAR knockout mouse model. Moreover, we found that rG66A virus induced a greater type Ⅰ interferon(IFN) response than that by pSA14, and JEV NS1' significantly inhibited the production of IFN-b and IFN-stimulated genes. Taken together, our results reveal that NS1' plays a vital role in blocking type I IFN production to help JEV evade antiviral immunity and benefit viral replication.

Boosting electroluminescence performance of all solution processed In P based quantum dot light emitting diodes using bilayered inorganic hole injection layers

The development of high-performance In P-based quantum dot light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)has become the current trend in ecofriendly display and lighting technology.However,compared with Cd-based QLEDs that have already been devoted to industry,the efficiency and stability of In P-based QLEDs still face great challenges.In this work,colloidal Ni Oxand Mg-doped Ni Oxnanocrystals were used to prepare a bilayered hole injection layer(HIL)to replace the classical polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS)HIL to construct high-performance In Pbased QLEDs.Compared with QLEDs with a single HIL of PEDOT:PSS,the bilayered HIL enables the external quantum efficiencies of the QLEDs to increase from 7.6%to 11.2%,and the T_(95)lifetime(time that the device brightness decreases to 95%of its initial value)under a high brightness of 1000 cd m^(-2)to prolong about 7 times.The improved performance of QLEDs is attributed to the bilayered HIL reducing the mismatched potential barrier of hole injection,narrows the potential barrier difference of indium tin oxide(ITO)/hole transport layer interface to promote carrier balance injection,and realizes high-efficiency radiative recombination.The experimental results indicate that the use of bilayered HILs with p-type Ni Oxmight be an efficient method for fabricating high-performance In P-based QLEDs.

Expression of recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase in the milk of transgenic mice

Butyrylcholinesterase(BCHE)is a natural bioscavenger that protects humans against organophosphate toxicity.Due to the limited yield of human BCHE(hBCHE)when purifying from human plasma,it is necessary to find an alternative method to produce this protein.One potential method is to produce transgenic livestock that make modified milk containing high concentration of hBCHE.In this study,we cloned the hBCHEgene into a human lactoferrin(hLF)bacterial artificial chromosome(BAC)construct to make a hLFhBCHE BAC construct.Subsequently,we injected the BAC construct into pronuclei of mouse fertilized embryos and generated transgenic mice.Expression analysis showed that recombinant hBCHE(rhBCHE)was expressed efficiently in the mammary gland of the transgenic mice and the concentration of rhBCHE in the milk of individual mice ranged from 76
12 to 159
28 mg·L^(–1).Protein function tests showed that rhBCHE has the same enzymatic activity as the native hBCHE.Our results pave the way for making transgenic livestock to produce large quantities of rhBCHE.

Animal models for the atherosclerosis research:a review

Atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death worldwide,and its mechanisms are still unclear.However,various animal models have significantly advanced our understanding of the mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis and have allowed the evaluation of therapeutic options.The aim of this paper is to review those animal models(i.e.,rabbits,mice,rats,guinea pigs,hamsters,avian,carnivores,swine,and,non-human primates)that have been used to study atherosclerosis.Though there is no single perfect animal model that completely replicates the stages of human atherosclerosis,cholesterol feeding and mechanical endothelial injury are two common features shared by most models of atherosclerosis.Further,with the development of genetically modified animals,these models are significantly broadening our understanding of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Overexpression of Hdac6 enhances resistance to virus infection in embryonic stem cells and in mice

Dear Editor Histone deacetylase 6 （Hdac6） is a mostly cytoplasmic class II HDAC. Many proteins have been identified as substrates of Hdac6. Among them, the most well characterized sub- strate of Hdac6 is a-tubulin. Through deacetylating acety- lated lysine 40 in a-tubulin, Hdac6 modulates the acetylation of microtubules （Hubbert et al., 2002）.

Screening of novel synthetic derivatives of dehydroepiandrosterone for antivirals against flaviviruses infections

Flaviviruses are important arthropod-borne pathogens that represent an immense global health problem.Their unprecedented epidemic rate and unpredictable clinical features underscore an urgent need for antiviral interventions.Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA)is a natural occurring adrenal-derived steroid in the human body that has been associated in protection against various infections.In the present study,the plaque assay based primary screening was conducted on 32 synthetic derivatives of DHEA against Japanese encephalitis virus(JEV)to identify potent anti-flaviviral compounds.Based on primary screening,HAAS-AV3026 and HAAS-AV3027 were selected as hits from DHEA derivatives that exhibited strong antiviral activity against JEV(IC_(50)=2.13 and 1.98μmol/L,respectively)and Zika virus(ZIKV)(IC_(50)=3.73 and 3.42μmol/L,respectively).Mechanism study indicates that HAAS-AV3026 and HAAS-AV3027 do not exhibit inhibitory effect on flavivirus binding and entry process,while significantly inhibit flavivirus infection at the replication stage.Moreover,indirect immunofluorescence assay,Western blot analyses,and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR(qRT-PCR)revealed a potent antiviral activity of DHEA derivatives hits against JEV and ZIKV in terms of inhibition of viral infection,protein production,and viral RNA synthesis in Vero cells.Taken together,our results may provide a basis for the development of new antivirals against flaviviruses.