Hyperglycemia-induced myocardial fibrosis may be associated with pyroptosis and apoptosis of cardiomyoctes in diabetic mice

Myocardial fibrosis is an important manifestation of diabetic cardiomyopathy.This study investigated the potential mechanism of diabetic myocardial fibrosis.Male C57BL/6J and db/db mice aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into the diabetic(DB)and control groups.At 20 weeks,the mouse heart was harvested and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE)and Masson staining to investigate the degree of fibrosis.The expressions of transforming growth factor-beta 1(TGF-β1),collagen-III,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl2),Bcl2-associated X protein(Bax),cleaved gasdermin D(GSDMD),cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1(caspase-1),apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD(ASC),and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor 3(NLRP3)were measured by western blotting.Immunohistochemistry and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining were performed to analyze the development of apoptosis and pyroptosis.A significant increase in body weight and blood glucose in the DB group was observed.Myocardial pathological injury,fibrosis,apoptosis,and pyroptosis were more obvious and serious in the DB group.The expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 significantly decreased,while the expression levels of pro-apoptotic Bax,caspase-3,and pyroptosis-related proteins,such as cleaved GSDMD,and caspase-1 in the DB group were significantly increased.Pyroptosis and apoptosis were probably the main mechanisms that caused myocardial fibrosis in mice with diabetes.

Influence of vegetation type and topographic position on volumetric soil water content dynamics and similarity among surface and deep soil layers

Clarifying the mechanisms governing volumetric soil water content(VSWC)dynamics in soil profiles is essential,as it can help to elucidate soil water transport processes and improve the prediction accuracy of soil hydrological processes.Using Spearman's rank correlation and wavelet coherence analysis methods,similarity in soil profile VSWC dynamics and factors governing VSWC soil profile dynamics in upslopes and downslopes under three vegetation types(evergreen forest[EG],secondary deciduous forest mixed with shrubs[SDFS],and deforested pasture[DP])at different time scales(hourly,daily,weekly,and monthly)and in different seasons were analyzed.The results revealed significant similarity in the VSWC of different soil depths(P<0.01),with the similarity decreasing in accordance with the increment in soil depth.Greater VSWC similarity was found in EG than SDFS and DP sites and in upslope than downslope areas at both forest sites.The average significant coherence area(SCA)of VSWC similarity among surface and deep soil layers varied with the time scale,which was in the order of monthly(58.6%)>weekly(42.8%)>daily(21.8%).The effects of soil properties(e.g.,texture,saturated hydraulic conductivity),rainfall,and potential evapotranspiration(ET_(p))on VSWC similarity were related to the time scale and season in which VSWC monitoring took place.Soil properties had apparent effects on VSWC similarity at longer time scales(i.e.,monthly),with a high SCA.In contrast,the effects of rainfall and ET_(p) on VSWC similarity were concentrated at weekly and daily scales,with a relatively low SCA.Rainfall and ET_(p) dominated VSWC dynamics in the summer and fall,respectively.These results imply the use of measured VSWC at one soil depth to predict the VSWC at other soil depths was a reliable method.While the in-fluence of time scale effects and seasonal variations on prediction accuracy of VSWC should be considered.

小儿外周静脉导管敷贴固定和更换的最佳证据应用

目的将基于循证的小儿外周静脉导管敷贴固定和更换的最佳证据应用于临床实践,规范儿科护士外周静脉导管敷贴固定和更换操作,提升静脉治疗专科护理质量。方法检索静脉输液相关领域的计算机决策支持系统、临床实践指南、系统评价、原始研究等循证资源。通过文献质量评价,纳入2篇指南和1篇系统评价作为证据资源的参考文献。总结12条证据,通过可行性、适宜性和临床意义进行评价,产生7条最佳证据,并转化为4条临床审查指标。遵循Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)循证护理中心的临床证据实践应用系统的标准程序进行证据的临床应用,采用问卷调查法、现场观察法、访谈、查阅护理记录收集数据。以护士每条审查指标执行率、静脉炎和意外拔管的发生率及外周静脉导管留置时间评价证据应用的效果。结果基线审查中外周静脉敷料出现潮湿、松脱和(或)明显污染时护士应更换敷料等3条依从性差的执行项目,在证据应用后执行率显著提高(P<0.001)。证据应用后禁食和非禁食患儿外周静脉导管留置时间延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。证据应用前后静脉炎发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),意外拔管发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论在临床护理中应用基于循证的小儿外周静脉导管敷贴固定和更换的最佳证据,可规范护士外周静脉导管敷贴固定和更换操作的护理行为,延长外周静脉导管留置时间,降低意外拔管发生率,提高儿科静脉治疗专科护理质量。

Recent trends and developments in the asymmetric synthesis of profens

The profens belong to a class of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),which exert significant antiinflammatory,analgesic,antipyretic and other pharmacological effects.A considerable number of catalytic asymmetric strategies for the synthesis of enantioenriched profens have been introduced.Herein are outlined recent trends and developments of promising catalytic enantioselective systems for the generation of profens and their derivatives.According to the reaction type,we divided these transformations into three categories:Transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenations,transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric cross-couplings and organocatalytic asymmetric transformations.Overviews of generic reaction mechanisms are presented.Ideally,this tutorial review will motivate further interest in the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of highly enantioenriched profens.

Interactions between lead(Ⅱ) ions and dissolved organic matter derived from organic fertilizers incubated in the field

This work was to study composition characteristics and the subsequent effect on the lead(Pb) binding properties of dissolved organic matter(DOM) derived from seaweed-based(SWOF) and chicken manure organic fertilizers(CMOF) during a one-year field incubation experiment using the excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor(EEM-PARAFAC) and twodimensional correlation spectroscopy(2DCOS) analysis. Results showed that high aromatic and hydrophobic fluorescent substances were enriched in CMOF-derived DOM and SWOFderived DOM and enhanced over time. And phenolic groups in the fulvic-like substances for SWOF-derived DOM and carboxyl groups in the humic-like substances for CMOF-derived DOM had the fastest responses over time, respectively. Moreover, both non-fluorescent polysaccharides and fluorescent humic-like substances or fulvic-like substances with aromatic(C=C) groups first participated in the binding process of Pb to SWOF-derived DOM on day 0 and 180 during the lead binding process. In contrast, humic-like substances associated with aromatic(C=C) and phenolic groups gave a faster response to Pb binding on day 360. Regarding CMOF-derived DOM, the fulvic-like substances associated with aromatic(C=C) and carboxylic groups displayed a faster response to Pb ions on day 0. Nonetheless,polysaccharides and humic-like associated with phenolic groups had a faster response on days 180 and 360. It is noteworthy that the polysaccharides, which participated in Pb binding to CMOF-derived DOM, posed a higher risk of Pb in the environment after 360 days. Therefore, these findings gave new insights into the long-term applications of commercial organic fertilizers for the amendment of soil.

Preparation of polydopamine based redox-sensitive magnetic nanoparticles for doxorubicin delivery and MRI detection

To improve the water-dispersity of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(SPIONs),a novel polydopamine based redox-sensitive copolymer modified SPIONs were prepared for the biomedical application to deliver doxorubicin(DOX)and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)detection.The major components of this nanoparticle include SPIONs and the redox-sensitive polydopamine(rPDA)crosslinked copolymer,where N,N-Bis(acryloyl)cystamine served as cross-linker,dopamine methacrylamide and a long-chain polyethylene glyco methyl ether methacrylate acted as comonomers.Here the rPDA@SPIONs were formed by the ligand exchange reaction of dopamine moiety with the oleic acid layer capped on the surface of SPIONs,and the inner area of the nanoparticles formed a reservoir for DOX,while the hydrophilic PEG moiety helped the nanoparticles well-dispersible in aqueous solution.The DOX-loaded rPDA@SPIONs demonstrated a high drug loading efficiency of 857μg DOX per mg iron,and a strong T2 relaxivity of 123 mM-1•S^(-1)for MRI.The drug release analysis of drug-loaded nanoparticles showed a sustained and high cumulative drug release in GSH up to 73%within 48 h,rather than the relatively low release rate of 37%in PBS(pH 7.4)without GSH.All the results showed that the designed magnetic nanoparticle may be a promising vehicle for anticancer drug delivery with stimuli-triggered drug release behavior,and also a foundation for building smart theranostic formulations for efficient detection through MRI.

Research on Tongue Image Collection and Analysis Based on Smartphone

Tongue diagnosis is a diagnostic method to understand the physiological functions and pathological changes of the human body by observing human tongue quality,tongue coating,and sublingual collateral veins.Tongue elephant research is an important part of objective Chinese medicine.Based on the research of tongue image analysis method,the design of a tongue image collection analysis system based on the smartphone platform was demonstrated.This research uses a smartphone camera to collect tongue images,upload them to the server and complete tongue image analysis on the server.Finally,the tongue image analysis results are generated,and the results are transmitted from the server to the smartphone mobile terminal.We used HTTP protocol for communication between mobile client and server.We asked professional TCM doctors to evaluate the results of tongue analysis in 100 cases,and the final anastomosis rate was above 80%.This study fills in the gaps in the mobile platform of objectification of tongue diagnosis,which is conducive to the use of mobile phones to collect tongue images anytime,anywhere,and to conveniently share the results of tongue diagnosis with physicians.With an Internet connection,users can use their smartphones to remotely diagnose their tongues,who can store and generate their own personal diagnostic reports.