氮和钾元素对苦瓜皂苷的影响

为进一步优化苦瓜的氮钾肥施用方式,提高苦瓜中皂苷含量,选取苦瓜低皂苷含量品种‘206’、高皂苷品种‘优佳4号’为试验材料,以中皂苷品种‘疙瘩绿’为对照,采用根尖无损伤检测法,检测苦瓜根对氮和钾离子的吸收情况。结果表明,在幼果期‘优佳4号’根对氮离子的吸收显著高于‘疙瘩绿’和‘206’,而在幼苗期、幼果期对钾离子的释放比‘206’分别低40%和63.5%。田间栽培时以苦瓜品种、氮、钾元素为变量进行正交设计,并进行施肥验证,‘优佳4号’吸收氮元素和保有钾元素的能力更强,在低氮和低钾的情况下也可以产生高皂苷。中高含量的氮钾元素可以显著提高低皂苷品种的皂苷含量。在栽培生产中,高皂苷品种施肥可适当采用低氮和低钾措施,低皂苷品种要采用高氮和高钾措施。

不同质地的‘金帅’无锈芽变果肉细胞活性染色观察比较

【目的】比较不同质地的‘金帅’无锈芽变果实徒手切片、染色差异和荧光活性,以期寻找区分不同质地芽变果实新方法。【方法】利用直接对比、显微观察、荧光染色等方法对不同质地果实进行区分。【结果】贮藏后的‘金帅’无锈芽变果实可通过感官评测分为硬、软、绵不同质地;随质地变软,观察单一层次细胞排列越易,细胞变形程度越大,细胞层堆叠程度越小;染色后不同质地果实具有不同表现,其中荧光素二乙酸(FDA)区分不同质地果实效果最佳,质地硬、软、绵、无活性的细胞荧光值差异极显著。【结论】活性染色可以用于区分不同质地的‘金帅’无锈芽变果实,FDA染色后质地硬的果肉细胞活性最强,质地软的果肉细胞活性中等,质地绵的最弱。

A Rapid Method for Isolating Single Cells from Apple Flesh

The identification,separation and analysis of individual living cells can be used to analyze the heterogeneity and operation mechanism of living systems.The study of fruit development is based on the extraction of active single cells.In this study,we investigated the effects of different enzymes and enzymatic hydrolysis times on the extraction of single cells from the‘Fuji’apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.‘Fuji’).The results showed that the extraction of single cells in apple flesh was a suitable method when 0.1%macerozyme was used and the enzymolysis time was 0.5 h.Fluorescent brightening agent VBL staining showed that the cell wall was intact,while fluorescein diacetate FDA and azo dye Evans blue staining indicated that the extracted single cells were active.The extracted single cells could be further used as materials for protoplast extraction.