Characteristics of “Reasonable Accommodation” and its Application in Employment in China

Both reasonable accommodation and accessibility are crucial concepts in the UN Convent ion on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Those two concepts promote each other and should develop as a whole State parties of the Convention undertake immediate obligations to ensure the provision of reasonable accommodation, which has advantages such as characteristics of subjective rights, individualization, justiciability and convenience, making it a flexible tool for the protection of rights It can serve as a supplement to insufficient accessibility and play a unique role in other areas which are irrelevant to accessibility, so as to satisfy the special needs of certain subjects to the largest extent The State Party has an ex ante and progressive obligations to the realization of the accessibility construction, which has advantages of comman design, large scale, economization and no need for individualization consideration In China, various forms of reasonable accommodation have been applied in employment, but they have disadvantages of contingency, randomness, simplicity and lack of systematic support In the process of further promoting the employment of people with disabilities in China, in addition to strengthening accessibility construction, we must fully understand and flexibly adopt reasonable accommodation.

Human Dignity and Human Rights Protection

Learning from the painful lessons of the World War II, human rights theory rediscovered the value of human dignity, and made the protec- tion of human dignity the basis and purpose of human rights protection. Any abuse of human rights is an in- fringement on human dignity. How human dignity is respected and val- ued is a measure of a society＇s human rights situation. Human rights will sooner or later be abused in a society without human dignity. If one can- not leave room for human dignity, any kind of ideas, ideals, theories or behavior, regardless of their original intention, will definitely result in a catastrophe for human rights.

农村土地财产权益男女平等保障机制探讨

男女平等是中国宪法和法律的一致要求。长期以来,农村女性土地财产权益平等保障机制频繁失灵,户外侵害屡禁不止,户内侵害不容忽视。侵害的根源在于制度供给不足,表现为身份障碍和权利属性不稳、权利主体不清、权益份额不明,最终导致救济不力。抵御户外侵害关键要消除身份障碍,摒弃身份唯一要求,解决农村女性土地财产权益往往牵涉不同家庭和不同集体经济组织的问题。在农村土地产权'长期稳定'政策下,土地的社会功能也从保障型向财产型转化,当前改革可从财产法和生产经营角度解释土地承包家庭户和集体经济组织及其成员。土地承包家庭户可被视为经济学上的生产经营单位,有别于婚姻家庭法上的家庭;从财产法角度解释农村集体经济组织,可区分集体组织的政治成员和经济成员,从宽确认女性经济成员;不排除个体同时成为两个及以上家庭承包户和集体经济组织成员。抵御户内侵害关键是要'确权到人'。试点中的农村集体产权制度改革和宅基地改革应借鉴、巩固和发展'确权到人'模式,明确个体的权利(权益)主体地位及份额。

中国共产党残疾人权益保障的百年历程及意义

中国共产党从建党初期就关心残疾人权益保障,在新民主主义革命时期和新中国成立后,都因时因地制宜采取过大量不同形式的保障措施。改革开放后,党领导的残疾人事业全面发展,尤其是十八大以来残疾人人权保障得到了创新性发展,残疾人真正作为平等的权利主体参与社会、共享发展。党保障残疾人权益的百年历程,展现了人道主义救助、人道主义保障和以人民为中心的人权保障三种保障思想的发展演变。残疾人的主要身份从革命的保护对象转变为医疗和社会福利事业的客体再到人权主体;权益保障的内容从以生存救助为主发展到包括教育、康复、就业等在内的全面综合的保障。残疾人作为人权主体的尊严、自主、平等和社会参与得到越来越突出的强调和彰显。

妇女议事会:基层民主自治与法治社会建设的实践探索

妇女议事会是全国妇联倡导的妇女群众参与社会管理和基层民主建设的创新举措,是实施《宪法》第2条人民依法管理国家事务和社会各项事务的有益探索,是"自治、法治、德治相结合"的典范。妇女议事会调动了妇女群众参与社会公共事务的积极性,激发了她们的自治活力和创造力,有利于解决长期以来女性在社会决策中代表性不足和话语权缺失的问题。议事的过程对广大基层妇女来说也是权利意识、规则意识、协商能力、法治观念甚至法治思维的养成过程。妇女议事会不仅有助于保障妇女儿童权益和促进女性发展,还对丰富基层协商民主、发展基层群众自治、建设法治社会和推动《宪法》实施具有独特的价值。应当充分肯定、支持和完善妇女议事会,使其长期化、规范化和制度化。