Human disturbances are considered to break reproduction barriers among species.Significant increases in hybridization events have been reported among a large number of taxonomic groups in anthropogenic environments,pr...Human disturbances are considered to break reproduction barriers among species.Significant increases in hybridization events have been reported among a large number of taxonomic groups in anthropogenic environments,providing novel insights into species evolution mechanisms and conservation management in the Anthropocene.The Eastern Golden Frog(Pelophylax plancyi)and BlackSpotted Frog(P.nigromaculatus)are two sympatric anuran species with a long history of mitochondrial genome introgression in highly urbanized continental East Asia.However,there is only limited understanding of the pattern of their contemporary hybridization and factors influencing their interspecific relationship under anthropogenic disturbances.Here,interspecific hybridization between P.plancyi and P.nigromaculatus at the population level was investigated in Shanghai.All except two haplotypes obtained from both species in Shanghai were mixed together,and located in the introgression clade,implying multiple ancient mitochondrial introgression events occurred in the populations of our study area.Asymmetric genetic introgression was detected by microsatellite markers,with 0.7%of P.plancyi and 14.6%of P.nigromaculatus identified as contemporary admixed individuals.Consistent with the trend of population density,higher genetic diversity of neutral microsatellite loci was found in the more abundant P.plancyi;however,variation in mitochondrial(Cyt-b)and nuclear(POMC)genes was higher in relatively rare P.nigromaculatus.The population density of P.plancyi and number of water patches within local habitats were significantly positively correlated with both occurrences and proportions of admixed individuals in the populations of P.plancyi and P.nigromaculatus.Considering the prevalent transformation of habitats in urbanized areas,these results imply that a high population density in isolated artificially altered habitats is likely to increase interspecific hybridization.Thus,population monitoring and improvement of landscape connectivity between habitats would be needed to control the intensity of interspecific hybridization between P.plancyi and P.nigromaculatus in anthropogenic-disturbed environments.展开更多
目的了解石家庄市大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病的影响,构建石家庄市儿童呼吸系统疾病发病风险空气质量健康指数(air quality health inedx,AQHI)。方法收集石家庄市2017—2021年环境空气污染物、气象及河北省儿童医院呼吸系统疾病门诊资...目的了解石家庄市大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病的影响,构建石家庄市儿童呼吸系统疾病发病风险空气质量健康指数(air quality health inedx,AQHI)。方法收集石家庄市2017—2021年环境空气污染物、气象及河北省儿童医院呼吸系统疾病门诊资料,采用广义相加模型定量分析各污染物和气象因素与儿童呼吸系统疾病发病风险的暴露—反应关系,根据超额就诊风险构建AQHI,并比较AQHI与空气质量指数(air quality index,AQI)对儿童呼吸系统疾病发病风险的影响。结果污染物PM_(2.5)、SO2和NO2质量浓度每升高10μg/m3,儿童呼吸系统疾病发病风险分别增加0.23%(95%CI:0.06%,0.41%)、2.10%(95%CI:0.95%,3.27%)和1.18%(95%CI:0.61%,1.75%);O3对儿童呼吸系统疾病发病风险的影响无统计学意义(P>0.05)。性别分层结果提示,PM_(2.5)对女童的影响更大,SO2、NO2均对男童的影响更大;年龄分层结果提示,SO2、NO2对7~14岁儿童的影响更大。综合分析后将PM_(2.5)、SO2、NO2纳入AQHI构建,经与AQI对比,AQHI能更好的描述儿童呼吸系统疾病就医行为。结论石家庄市PM_(2.5)、SO2、NO2均对儿童呼吸系统疾病发病风险有影响,所构建的石家庄市儿童呼吸系统疾病发病风险AQHI可较好地预测大气污染对儿童呼吸系统疾病的影响。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071529)the Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station(Z202204)+1 种基金Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and EcoRestoration(SHUES2020B06,SHUES2021C04)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
文摘Human disturbances are considered to break reproduction barriers among species.Significant increases in hybridization events have been reported among a large number of taxonomic groups in anthropogenic environments,providing novel insights into species evolution mechanisms and conservation management in the Anthropocene.The Eastern Golden Frog(Pelophylax plancyi)and BlackSpotted Frog(P.nigromaculatus)are two sympatric anuran species with a long history of mitochondrial genome introgression in highly urbanized continental East Asia.However,there is only limited understanding of the pattern of their contemporary hybridization and factors influencing their interspecific relationship under anthropogenic disturbances.Here,interspecific hybridization between P.plancyi and P.nigromaculatus at the population level was investigated in Shanghai.All except two haplotypes obtained from both species in Shanghai were mixed together,and located in the introgression clade,implying multiple ancient mitochondrial introgression events occurred in the populations of our study area.Asymmetric genetic introgression was detected by microsatellite markers,with 0.7%of P.plancyi and 14.6%of P.nigromaculatus identified as contemporary admixed individuals.Consistent with the trend of population density,higher genetic diversity of neutral microsatellite loci was found in the more abundant P.plancyi;however,variation in mitochondrial(Cyt-b)and nuclear(POMC)genes was higher in relatively rare P.nigromaculatus.The population density of P.plancyi and number of water patches within local habitats were significantly positively correlated with both occurrences and proportions of admixed individuals in the populations of P.plancyi and P.nigromaculatus.Considering the prevalent transformation of habitats in urbanized areas,these results imply that a high population density in isolated artificially altered habitats is likely to increase interspecific hybridization.Thus,population monitoring and improvement of landscape connectivity between habitats would be needed to control the intensity of interspecific hybridization between P.plancyi and P.nigromaculatus in anthropogenic-disturbed environments.
